Innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection with Equine herpesvirus-1
Abstract
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is the cause of respiratory disease, abortion and myelitis in horses worldwide. Protection following infection or vaccination is typically incomplete and this lack of protective immunity is thought to be due to the immunomodulatory properties of EHV-1. EHV-1 immune modulation is likely initiated early in the infection cycle at the respiratory epithelium, but to date, immunity to EHV-1 at the epithelial cell barrier remains poorly characterized. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use a recently established primary equine respiratory epithelial cell culture (EREC) system to characterize innate immunity to EHV-1. Differentiated ERECs were inoculated with a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1 and cytokine responses were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II as well as toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR9 protein expression were examined using fluorescence activated cell-sorting analysis and chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated using chemotaxis assays. Infection with EHV-1 resulted in increased expression of TLR3 and 9 as well as inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1). In contrast, EHV-1 infection caused marked decreases of MHC-I and MHC-II expression as well as a reduction in IFN-gamma production. In summary, these results provide an initial characterization of the early immune response to EHV-1…
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EHV-1 activated the interferon response in the upper respiratory tract by upregulating the expression of IFN-α mRNA and protein levels in equine respiratory epithelial cells and respiratory mucosal explants.
“EHV-1 activated the IFN response in the URT by upregulating the expression of IFN-α mRNA and protein levels in EREC and respiratory mucosal explants (Hussey et al., 2014; Poelaert et al., 2018).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Hussey et al., 2014
EHV-1 early protein pUL56 modulates cytokine responses both in vivo and in vitro.
“Besides, EHV-1 early protein pUL56 (encoded by EHV-1 ORF1) has also been shown to modulate the cytokine responses both in vivo and in vitro (Soboll Hussey et al., 2011; Hussey et al., 2014).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Hussey et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Soboll Hussey, G., Ashton, L. V., Quintana, A. M., Lunn, D. P., Goehring, L. S., Annis, K., & Landolt, G.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Venue
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 28-38
- ISSN
- 0378-1135 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073077058
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Morris Animal Foundation
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, innate immunity, airway epithelial cells, TLR3, TLR9, MHC class I, MHC class II, interferon-gamma, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neutrophil chemotaxis, monocyte chemotaxis, immunomodulation, horses, respiratory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Gene Expression Regulation, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Immunity, Innate, Cytokines, Chemokines, Respiratory Mucosa, Virus Internalization, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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