Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To investigate cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: A neuropsychological test battery, including subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and III, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Stroop Color-Word Test, and Trail Making Test, which assessed verbal and visual short- and long-term memory, processing speed, logical reasoning, verbal intelligence, attention, and executive functioning, was administered to 13- to 19-year-old patients with IBD (n = 34; active disease n = 20). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory. The findings were compared with peers with non-acute juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; n = 23). Patients with coexisting psychiatric disorders were excluded. RESULTS: The IBD group, especially patients in the acute phase, made more perseverative errors in the CVLT test that assessed verbal memory than the JIA group (6.0 ± 4.3 vs 3.3 ± 2.9, P < 0.01), but no other differences between the IBD and JIA groups were observed in the neuropsychological tests. The difference was close to statistical significance, even when glucocorticoid medication was controlled for (P < 0.052). The IBD group had more depressive symptoms than the JIA group (7.9 ± 7.6 vs 4.0 ± 4.0, P < 0.05). Approximately one third of the IBD group had at least mild depressive symptoms, and those with acute illness had the highest scores. However, depressive symptoms were not related to the difference in the verbal memory test (perseverative errors in the CVLT) between the IBD and JIA groups. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with acute IBD may have mild verbal memory problems but no major cognitive deficits compared to peers with JIA.
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Five studies indicated higher rates or levels of depression in IBD than in participants with self-limited colitis, colorectal cancer, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and several other conditions (coeliac disease, food allergy, GERD, congenital disorders).
“five (n=648 IBD and 601 controls) (17, 21, 68, 70, 71) indicated higher rates or levels in IBD than in participants with self-limited colitis, colorectal cancer, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and several other conditions (coeliac disease, food allergy, GERD, congenital disorders).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [70]
Of 17 studies assessing depression, 10 showed statistically significant differences between IBD and other medically ill cohorts.
“Of the 17 studies assessing depression, 10 showed statistically significant differences between IBD and other medically ill cohorts (17, 21, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73-75, 77).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [70]
Two studies with significance testing showed higher rates of depression in IBD than controls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, congenital disorders, food allergy, coeliac disease but not chronic liver disease (n=339 IBD and 382 controls).
“Three studies provided data for paediatric populations (17, 70, 72) but only two conducted significance testing, both showing higher rates of depression in IBD than controls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, congenital disorders, food allergy, coeliac disease but not chronic liver disease (n=339 IBD and 382 controls) (17, 70).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Castaneda, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Castaneda, Anu E
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1611
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3602478
- OpenAlex
- W2124033531
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- WOS
- Funders
- Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri
- Academy of Finland
- Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, adolescents, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, verbal memory, perseverative errors, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, executive function, processing speed, glucocorticoids
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Factors, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Young Adult, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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