The promise and perils of self-regulated study
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Self-regulated study involves many decisions, some of which people make confidently and easily (if not always optimally) and others of which are involved and difficult. Good study decisions rest on accurate monitoring of ongoing learning, a realistic mental model of how learning happens, and appropriate use of study strategies. We review our research on the decisions people make, for better or worse, when deciding what to study, how long to study, and how to study.
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College students do not appreciate that retrieval practice helps learning.
“But if you ask college students, who are fairly sophisticated learners, how to best learn new information, their answers suggest that they do not appreciate this fact (Blasiman et al. 2017, Karpicke et al. 2009, Kornell & Bjork 2007, McCabe 2011).”
From Practicing Retrieval Facilitates Learning (2021) · cites this paper as Kornell & Bjork 2007
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Learning from errors: Students' and instructors' practices, attitudes, and beliefs
Pan, S. C., Sana, F., Samani, J., Cooke, J., & Kim, J. A. (2020) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2020.1815790 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Rodriguez, F., Rivas, M. J., Matsumura, L. H., Warschauer, M., & Sato, B. K. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200767 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A comparison of adaptive and fixed schedules of practice.
Mettler, E. W., Massey, C. M., & Kellman, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000170 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
What happened (and what did not): Discourse constraints on encoding of plausible alternatives
Fraundorf, S. H., Benjamin, A. S., & Watson, D. G. (2013) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.06.003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Metacognitive Control of Learning and Remembering
Finley, J. R., Tullis, J. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5716-0_6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Highlighting and Its Relation to Distributed Study and Students’ Metacognitive Beliefs
Yue, C. L., Storm, B. C., Kornell, N., & Bjork, E. L. (2014) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-014-9277-z · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationBosch, E., Seifried, E., & Spinath, B. (2021) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102056 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Preschoolers can make highly accurate judgments of learning.
Lipowski, S. L., Merriman, W. E., & Dunlosky, J. T. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030614 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Muteti, C. Z., Zarraga, C., Jacob, B. I., Mwarumba, T. M., Nkhata, D. B., Mwavita, M., Mohanty, S., & Mutambuki, J. M. (2020) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d0rp00217h · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kornell, Nate
- Venue
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-224
- ISSN
- 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5320
- OpenAlex
- W1974993098
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 20.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Keywords
- student self-regulation, study time allocation, study habits, learning monitoring, metacognition, decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Choice Behavior, Culture, Humans, Learning, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retention, Psychology, Social Control, Informal, Students
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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