The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532
Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 5,615
Tulving, E. (1985) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0080017 · Cited by 4,638
Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory
Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 · Cited by 4,121
A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
Jacoby, L. L. (1991) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(91)90025-f · Cited by 3,696
Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence.
Mandler, G. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.87.3.252 · Cited by 2,849
Priming and Human Memory Systems
Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2296719 · Cited by 2,595
On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning.
Jacoby, L. L., & Dallas, M. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.110.3.306 · Cited by 2,553
Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium
Brown, A. S., & Solso, R. L. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421430 · Cited by 2,382
Attention And Cognitive Control 1
Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (2024) · Information Processing and Cognition · doi:10.4324/9781032722450-4 · Cited by 2,264
Squire, L. R. (1984) · The Biology of Learning · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70094-1_32 · Cited by 2,107
Squire, L. R. (1986) · The Brain, Cognition, and Education · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-268330-5.50013-5 · Cited by 1,841
The generation effect: delineation of a phenomenon
Slamecka, N. J., & Graf, P. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.592 · Cited by 1,659
Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access.
Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.10.4.680 · Cited by 1,420
Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition
Marcel, A. J. (1983) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(83)90009-9 · Cited by 1,391
Holender, D. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00021269 · Cited by 1,274
Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.
Tulving, E., Schacter, D. L., & Stark, H. A. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.8.4.336 · Cited by 1,062
Functional aspects of recollective experience
Gardiner, J. M. (1988) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197041 · Cited by 1,011
Marcel, A. J. (1983) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(83)90010-5 · Cited by 905
Amnesic Syndrome: Consolidation or Retrieval?
WARRINGTON, E. K., & WEISKRANTZ, L. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/228628a0 · Cited by 851
Blaxton, T. A. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.15.4.657 · Cited by 757
Remembering the data: analyzing interactive processes in reading
Jacoby, L. L. (1983) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(83)90301-8 · Cited by 746
Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable
Graf, P., & Mandler, G. (1984) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(84)90346-3 · Cited by 742
Perceptual enhancement: Persistent effects of an experience.
Jacoby, L. L. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.9.1.21 · Cited by 734
An illusion of memory: False recognition influenced by unconscious perception.
Jacoby, L. L., & Whitehouse, K. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.118.2.126 · Cited by 715
New Method of Testing Long-term Retention with Special Reference to Amnesic Patients
WARRINGTON, E. K., & WEISKRANTZ, L. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/217972a0 · Cited by 682
Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account
Roediger, H. L., III, Weldon, M. S., & Challis, B. H. (1989) · Cited by 659
Jacoby, L. L., Woloshyn, V., & Kelley, C. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.118.2.115 · Cited by 597
Remembering without awareness.
Jacoby, L. L., & Witherspoon, D. (1982) · Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0080638 · Cited by 587
Perspectives on Memory Research
Zechmeister, E. B., Nilsson, L.-G., Cermak, L. S., & Craik, F. I. M. (1980) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422127 · Cited by 557
Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition
Gardiner, J. M., & Java, R. I. (1990) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03202642 · Cited by 501
Implicit memory: theoretical issues
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0606 · Cited by 481
Retrieval processes in recognition memory.
Ratcliff, R., & Murdock, B. B. (1976) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.83.3.190 · Cited by 465
The Neuropsychology of Consciousness
(1992) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-11186-5 · Cited by 464
The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions
Diamond, A. D. (1990) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 446
SCHACTER, D. L. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48909.x · Cited by 418
Attention and recollective experience in recognition memory
Gardiner, J. M., & Parkin, A. J. (1990) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197100 · Cited by 410
Episodic and lexical contributions to the repetition effect in word identification.
Feustel, T. C., Shiffrin, R. M., & Salasoo, A. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.112.3.309 · Cited by 339
Altering retrieval demands reverses the picture superiority effect
Weldon, M. S., & Roediger, H. L. (1987) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197030 · Cited by 321
Retrieval modes produce dissociations in memory for surface information.
Roediger, H. L., III, & Blaxton, T. A. (1987) · Cited by 315
Perceptual fluency and recognition judgments.
Johnston, W. A., Dark, V. J., & Jacoby, L. L. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.11.1.3 · Cited by 294
Forgetting in recognition memory with and without recollective experience
Gardiner, J. M., & Java, R. I. (1991) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197157 · Cited by 285
Classifying implicit memory tests: Category association and anagram solution
Srinivas, K., & Roediger, H. L. (1990) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(90)90063-6 · Cited by 281
Contribution of perceptual fluency to recognition judgments.
Johnston, W. A., Hawley, K. J., & Elliott, J. M. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.17.2.210 · Cited by 178
Memory: Performance, knowledge, and experience
Tulving, E. (1989) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541448908403069 · Cited by 171
Unconscious Influences of Memory: Dissociations and Automaticity
Jacoby, L. L., & Kelley, C. (1992) · The Neuropsychology of Consciousness · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-498045-7.50015-3 · Cited by 167
Modality effects in word identification
Kirsner, K., & Smith, M. C. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198132 · Cited by 144
Common and modality-specific processes in the mental lexicon
Kirsner, K., Milech, D., & Standen, P. (1983) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198287 · Cited by 130
Retrieval processes in recognition
Mandler, G., & Boeck, W. J. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198129 · Cited by 129
Primary versus secondary rehearsal in imagined voices: Differential effects on recognition
Geiselman, R. E., & Bjork, R. A. (1980) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90008-0 · Cited by 122
Does organization improve priming?
Rappold, V. A., & Hashtroudi, S. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.17.1.103 · Cited by 105
Implicit and explicit memory and the automatid effortful distinction
Parkin, A. J., & Russo, R. (1990) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541449008406198 · Cited by 101
Strength theory and recognition memory.
Murdock, B. B., & Dufty, P. O. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032795 · Cited by 93
Lexical acquisition and the modular lexicon
Forster, K. I. (1985) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690968508402073 · Cited by 91
Rajaram, S., & Neely, J. H. (1992) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(92)90009-m · Cited by 82
Self-citationModality differences in recognition memory for words and their attributes.
Kirsner, K. (1974) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036112 · Cited by 79
Reversing the Picture Superiority Effect
Roediger, H. L., III, & Weldon, M. S. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4676-3_7 · Cited by 79
Memory: Conscious and Unconscious
Mandler, G. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3500-2_5 · Cited by 77
Perceptual identification, fragment completion, and free recall: Concepts and data.
Hunt, R. R., & Toth, J. P. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.16.2.282 · Cited by 67
On the relation between perceptual priming and recognition memory.
Watkins, M. J., & Gibson, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.14.3.477 · Cited by 50
Activation and Elaboration Effects in Recognition and Word Priming
Mandler, G., Graf, P., & Kraft, D. (1986) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640748608401618 · Cited by 50
Consciousness: Respectable, Useful, and Probably Necessary
Mandler, G. (2003) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2834.003.0005 · Cited by 36
Implicit and explicit memory without awareness
Wippich, W. (1992) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00922101 · Cited by 19
Cited by
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
The Nature of Recollection and Familiarity: A Review of 30 Years of Research
Yonelinas, A. P. (2002) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.2002.2864 · Cited by 3,840
Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 · Cited by 3,792
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic axis
Aggleton, J. P., & Brown, M. W. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99002034 · Cited by 1,879
Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness.
Wheeler, M. A., Stuss, D. T., & Tulving, E. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.331 · Cited by 1,751
Metadata
- Authors
- Rajaram, S.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-102
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W1982497861
- Cited by
- 870
- References
- 64
- FWCI
- 10.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.