A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research Traditions
Abstract
There are two research traditions on dynamic memory processes. In cognitive psychology, the malleable nature of long-term memory has been extensively documented. Distortions, such as the misinformation effect or hindsight bias, illustrate that memories can be easily changed, often without their owner taking notice. On the other hand, effects like hypermnesia demonstrate that memory might be more reliable than these distortions suggest. In the neuroscience field, similar observations were obtained mostly from animal studies. Research on memory consolidation suggested that memories become progressively resistant to amnesic treatments over time, but the reconsolidation phenomenon showed that this stability can be transiently lifted when these memories are reactivated, i.e., retrieved. Surprisingly, both research traditions have not taken much notice of each others' advances in understanding memory dynamics. We apply concepts developed in neuroscience to phenomena revealed in cognitive psychology to illustrate how these twins separated at birth may be reunited again.
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Memory is not an exact reproduction of past experiences but a constructive process subject to errors and distortions.
“Research in psychology and neuroscience supports the idea that memory is not an exact reproduction of past experiences, but is instead a constructive process subject to a variety of errors and distortions (1–8).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Hardt, O., Einarsson, E. Ö., & Nader, K.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-01-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-167
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2130108344
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 183
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- memory reconsolidation, memory consolidation, misinformation effect, hindsight bias, hypermnesia, memory retrieval, memory stability, cognitive neuroscience of memory
- MeSH terms
- Amnesia, Animals, Brain, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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