Neuroprotective Activity of Evolvulus alsinoides & Centella asiatica Ethanolic Extracts in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Swiss Albino Mice
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To carry out the comparative nootropic, neuroprotective potentials of two medicinal plant species. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For neuroprotective activity; behavior models (elevated plus maze & morris water maze), in vivo antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation & reduced glutathione), inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 & TNF-α) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) assessment procedures followed at different dosages i.e. 250 & 500 mg/kg of Evolvulus alsinoides and Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts. At the end of the study, it was performed histopathological analysis of the following organs: brain, heart, liver, and kidney. RESULTS: In oral administration of different doses of ethanolic extracts of both medicinal plants i.e. Sco + EEA 250 = 2.49 ± 0.29 , Sco + EEA 500 = 2.67 ± 0.36, Sco + ECA 250 = 2.33 ± 0.17, Sco + ECA 500 = 2.77 ± 0.21, Sco + EEA + ECA 250 = 2.61 ± 0.32 and Sco + EEA + ECA 500 = 2.79 ± 0.16 U/mg of protein respectively against the scopolamine induced group Sco (control) = 5.51 ± 0.35 U/mg of protein extracts shows neuroprotective and nootropic activity with reducing AChE level in the brain homogenate of swiss albino mice. CONCLUSION: are already used in traditional Indian medicine as the neuroprotective agent and also found promising effects over inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activity. The neuroprotective effect of both plants extracts attributed to inhibition of AChE activity and improve the spatial memory formation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous studies indicated the memory enhancing effect of E. alsinoides in the experimental model of amnesia.
“Previous studies also indicated the memory enhancing effect of E. alsionoides in the experimental model of amnesia [191,192].”
From Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer’s Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment (2020) · cites this paper as [192]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction
Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., & Yagi, K. (1979) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3 · Cited by 29,460 · see citing works
A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity
Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres, V., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9 · Cited by 27,221 · see citing works
The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents
Walf, A. A., & Frye, C. A. (2007) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.44 · Cited by 3,035 · see citing works
Aebi, H. E. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-091302-2.50032-3 · Cited by 2,075 · see citing works
Oxidative Damage Is the Earliest Event in Alzheimer Disease
Nunomura, A., Perry, G., Aliev, G., Hirai, K., Takeda, A., Balraj, E. K., Jones, P. K., Ghanbari, H., Wataya, T., Shimohama, S., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.8.759 · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
Smith, I. K., Vierheller, T. L., & Thorne, C. A. (1988) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(88)90564-7 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
Spatial memory, recognition memory, and the hippocampus
Broadbent, N. J., Squire, L. R., & Clark, R. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406344101 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Nagata, S., Tsuchiya, M., Asano, S., Kaziro, Y., Yamazaki, T., Yamamoto, O., Hirata, Y., Kubota, N., Oh‐eda, M., Nomura, H., et al. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319415a0 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Auld, D. S., Kornecook, T. J., Bastianetto, S., & Quirion, R. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00079-5 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Cholinergic system during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease: therapeutic implications
Mufson, E. J., Counts, S., Perez, S. E., & Ginsberg, S. D. (2008) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.8.11.1703 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Immune proteins in brain development and synaptic plasticity
Boulanger, L. M. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.001 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Li, X. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf204970r · Cited by 383 · see citing works
The role of inflammatory cytokines as key modulators of neurogenesis
Borsini, A., Zunszain, P. A., Thuret, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.12.006 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Zainol, M. K., Abd-Hamid, A., Yusof, S., & Muse, R. (2003) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00498-3 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: from nerve toxins to neuroprotection
Singh, M., Kaur, M., Kukreja, H., Chugh, R., Silakari, O., & Singh, D. (2013) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.050 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Self-citationMattson, M. P., Pedersen, W. A., Duan, W., Culmsee, C., & Camandola, S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07824.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria
Swerdlow, R. H. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.012 · Cited by 306 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by increased reactive oxygen species generation has been involved in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders [28].”
BackgroundDetermination of biologically active constituents in Centella asiatica
Inamdar, P. K., Yeole, R. D., Ghogare, A. B., & SOUZA, N. J. D. (1996) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/0021-9673(96)00237-3 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Puchchakayala, G. R., Akina, S., & Thati, M. (2012) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/974013 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids in medicinal plants from Tafı del Valle (Tucumán, Argentina)
Hernández, N., Tereschuk, M. L., & Abdala, L. R. (2000) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00295-6 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Chemical components of Centella asiatica and their bioactivities
Zheng, C. (2007) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.3736/jcim20070324 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Gacar, N., Mutlu, O., Utkan, T., Celikyurt, I. K., Göçmez, S. S., & Ulak, G. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.017 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds
Polya, G. M. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203013717 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Polya, G. M. (2003) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory decline (preclinical)
Terry, A. V., Callahan, P. M., Hall, B. J., & Webster, S. J. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.002 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ascorbic acid attenuates scopolamine-induced spatial learning deficits in the water maze
Harrison, F. E., Hosseini, A. H., Dawes, S. M., Weaver, S. G., & May, J. M. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.08.017 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The other side of the coin: safety of complementary and alternative medicine
Myers, S. P., & Cheras, P. A. (2004) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06244.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Maruthanila, V. L., Jayakumar, P., & Mirunalini, S. (2014) · Advances in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1155/2014/832161 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Herrera-Morales, W. V., Mar, I., Serrano, B., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05391.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Drugs from nature: past achievements, future prospects
Cragg, G. M. L., & Newman, D. J. (2002) · Advances in phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/s1572-557x(02)80010-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [10]Kartning T Craker L.E Simon J.E Clinical Application of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants 1988 II Oryx Press, Phoemix, AZ 145
- [15]Derelanko M J Hollinger M A Handbook of toxicology 2002 2nd edition CRC press PMid:12454789
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mehla, J., Gupta, P., Pahuja, M., Diwan, D., & Diksha, D. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10120964 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bhat, B. A., Almilaibary, A., Mir, R. A., Aljarallah, B. M., Mir, W. R., Ahmad, F., & Mir, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.884345 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Abedi, F., Ramezani, M., Dehghan, R., Amiri, M. S., Moghadam, A. T., Shakour, N., Elyasi, S., Sahebkar, A., & Emami, S. A. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_25 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pandey, S. N., Rangra, N. K., Singh, S., Arora, S., & Gupta, V. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00206 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationQin, Y., Chen, F., Tang, Z., Ren, H., Wang, Q., Shen, N., Lin, W., Xiao, Y., Yuan, M., Chen, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1049890 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Chandra, P., Ali, Z., Fatima, N., Sharma, H., Sachan, N., Sharma, K. K., & Verma, A. K. (2024) · Current Bioactive Compounds · doi:10.2174/0115734072292339240416095600 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mohanasundari, C., Sorimuthu, A., Srinivasan, K., Chinnathambi, A., Salmen, S. H., Meganathan, V., & Narayanan, M. (2021) · Applied Nanoscience · doi:10.1007/s13204-021-02052-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fujimori, H., Ohba, T., Mikami, M., Nakamura, S., Ito, K., Kojima, H., Takahashi, T., Iddamalgoda, A., Shimazawa, M., & Hara, H. (2021) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sen, D., Rathee, S., Pandey, V., Jain, S., & Patil, U. K. (2024) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050309057240404075003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ginkgo biloba and Its Chemical Components in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Peng, Y., Chen, Q., Xue, Y.-H., Jin, H., Liu, S., Du, M., & Yao, S. (2024) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x24500277 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bioactive Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Evolvulus linarioides
Pereira, L. C. O., Abreu, L. S., Silva, J. P. R. E., Machado, F. S. V. L., Queiroga, C. S., Santo, R. F. D. E., de Agnelo-Silva, D. F., Villarreal, C. F., Agra, M. D. F., Scotti, M. T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01189 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Potential Ayurvedic Herbs for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A review
Sahu, D., Bhushan, S., Das, D., Debnath, S. K., Barik, L., Meena, V., Singh, V., Dixit, A. K., & Prasad, P. (2021) · Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.52711/2321-5836.2021.00015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Padi, P. M., Adetunji, T. L., Unuofin, J. O., Mchunu, C. N., Ntuli, N. R., & Siebert, F. (2022) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2022.06.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) leaves
Thakurdesai, P. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820593-8.00021-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Adarmanabadi, S. M. H. H., Abadi, O. J. K., Amiri, A., tamannaeifar, R., Balanian, S., Rasekhjam, M., Samiazar, M. S., Hasanpour, S., Peiravi, S., Alijanzadeh, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2304086 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A review on the pharmacological properties of Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn)
Kathirvel, B., Kalibulla, S. I., Velayuthaprabhu, S., & Arumugam, V. A. (2021) · Journal of Indian System of Medicine · doi:10.4103/jism.jism_8_21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Awere, C. O., Anadebe, V. C., Rakkammal, K., Muthuramalingam, P., & Manikandan, R. (2025) · Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100586 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biochemical analysis of methanolic extract from Evolvulus alsinoides
Nithya, K. (2023) · Bioinformation · doi:10.6026/973206300191173 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sri Lankan medicinal herbs used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain
Chandrasiri, W. A. L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820593-8.00027-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alam-Siddiqui, F., Ghayur, A., Ul‐Haq, Z., & Ghayur, M. N. (2025) · Future Integrative Medicine · doi:10.14218/fim.2024.00050 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pal, S., Mitra, A., & Ghosh, R. (2024) · UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY · doi:10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i13855
Doshi, S. (2025) · Brazilian Journal of Science · doi:10.14295/bjs.v4i2.695
Iyer, D., Kothari, A., & Patil, U. K. (2025) · Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries · doi:10.5958/0975-6892.2025.00006.x
A Literary Review on Action of Manduparni as Vayasthapan Dravya
D., D. S. D. I. A. D. K. K. (2026) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-31056
Intharuksa, A., Prasansuklab, A., Techarang, T., Chaikhong, K., Arunotayanun, W., & Jenraumjit, R. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18193126
Shandilya, C., & Mani, S. (2026) · Neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/s12021-026-09822-0
- Authors
- Yadav, M. K., Singh, S. K., Singh, M., Mishra, S. S., Singh, A. K., Tripathi, J. S., & Tripathi, Y. B.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Yadav, Mukesh Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
- Published
- 2019-04-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1059-1066
- ISSN
- 1857-9655 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6490476
- OpenAlex
- W2936206785
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 4.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- Evolvulus alsinoides, Centella asiatica, neuroprotection, nootropic activity, scopolamine-induced amnesia, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, spatial memory, antioxidant activity, neuroinflammation, ethanolic plant extract, medicinal plants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
