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Effects of different sweet preloads on incretin hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans
Open accessAbstract
Background Macronutrient "preloads" can stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), slow gastric emptying, and reduce postprandial glycemic excursions. After sweet preloads, these effects may be signaled by sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), sweet taste receptors, or both.Objective We determined the effects of 4 sweet preloads on GIP and GLP-1 release, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia.Design Ten healthy subjects were studied on 4 separate occasions each. A preload drink containing 40 g glucose, 40 g tagatose/isomalt mixture (TIM), 40 g 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG; a nonmetabolized substrate of SGLT1), or 60 mg sucralose was consumed 15 min before a (13)C-octanoic acid-labeled mashed potato meal. Blood glucose, plasma total GLP-1 and GIP, serum insulin, and gastric emptying were determined.Results Both glucose and 3OMG stimulated GLP-1 and GIP release in advance of the meal (each P < 0.05), whereas TIM and sucralose did not. The overall postprandial GLP-1 response was greater after glucose, 3OMG, and TIM than after sucralose (P < 0.05), albeit later after TIM than the other preloads. The blood glucose and insulin responses in the first 30 min after the meal were greatest after glucose (each P < 0.05). Gastric emptying was slower after both 3OMG and TIM than after sucralose (each P < 0.05).Conclusions In healthy humans, SGLT1 substrates stimulate GLP-1 and GIP and slow gastric emptying, regardless of whether they are metabolized, whereas the artificial sweetener sucralose does not. Poorly absorbed sweet tastants (TIM), which probably expose a greater length of gut to nutrients, result in delayed GLP-1 secretion but not in delayed GIP release. These observations have the potential to optimize the use of preloads for glycemic control. This trial was registered at www.actr.org.au as ACTRN12611000775910.
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“Our group provided the first evidence that SGLT-1 substrates, even if not metabolized (such as the glucose analog 3-O-methylglucose, 3-OMG), have the capacity to stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion in humans (44).”
From Gut mechanisms linking intestinal sweet sensing to glycemic control (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, T., Zhao, B. R., Bound, M. J., Checklin, H. L., Bellon, M., Little, T. J., Young, R. L., Jones, K. L., Horowitz, M., & Rayner, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-83
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117678516
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- incretin secretion, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, gastric emptying, postprandial blood glucose, sucralose, 3-O-methylglucose, SGLT1, artificial sweeteners, insulin response, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Disaccharides, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucose, Hexoses, Humans, Insulin, Male, Sucrose, Sugar Alcohols, Sweetening Agents, Signal Transduction, Dietary Sucrose, Postprandial Period, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Incretins, Young Adult
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