CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 290Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerIon Transport and Channel RegulationDigestive system and related health

Glucose transporters in the small intestine in health and disease

Open access
Koepsell, Hermann·2020·Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
DOI 10.1007/s00424-020-02439-5PMC PMC7462918
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Absorption of monosaccharides is mainly mediated by Na + - d -glucose cotransporter SGLT1 and the facititative transporters GLUT2 and GLUT5. SGLT1 and GLUT2 are relevant for absorption of d -glucose and d -galactose while GLUT5 is relevant for d -fructose absorption. SGLT1 and GLUT5 are constantly localized in the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes, whereas GLUT2 is localized in the basolateral membrane (BLM) or the BBM plus BLM at low and high luminal d -glucose concentrations, respectively. At high luminal d -glucose, the abundance SGLT1 in the BBM is increased. Hence, d -glucose absorption at low luminal glucose is mediated via SGLT1 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM whereas high-capacity d -glucose absorption at high luminal glucose is mediated by SGLT1 plus GLUT2 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM. The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations. Also, the roles of SGLT1 and GLUT2 for secretion of enterohormones are discussed. Furthermore, diseases are described that are caused by malfunctions of small intestinal monosaccharide transporters, such as glucose-galactose malabsorption, Fanconi syndrome, and fructose intolerance. Moreover, it is reported how diabetes, small intestinal inflammation, parental nutrition, bariatric surgery, and metformin treatment affect expression of monosaccharide transporters in the small intestine. Finally, food components that decrease d -glucose absorption and drugs in development that inhibit or downregulate SGLT1 in the small intestine are compiled. Models for regulations and combined functions of glucose transporters, and for interplay between d -fructose transport and metabolism, are discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00424-020-02439-5

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • SGLT1 is a secondary active transporter that translocates two Na ions coupled with one glucose molecule into cells and is the most abundant glucose transporter in the small intestinal brush border membrane.

    “SGLT1 is a secondary active transporter that translocates two Na ions coupled with one glucose molecule into cells and is also the most abundant glucose transporter in the small intestinal BBM [21].”

    From Regulation of Enterocyte Brush Border Membrane Primary Na-Absorptive Transporters in Human Intestinal Organoid-Derived Monolayers (2024) · cites this paper as [21]

    The SGLT1 section states that SGLT1 is a secondary active transporter that carries one glucose molecule with two sodium ions into cells, and it locates SGLT1 in the brush border membrane (BBM). It reports Sglt1 as the most abundant plasma-membrane protein in mouse small intestine, but does not establish that SGLT1 is the most abundant glucose transporter specifically in the BBM across species. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 418

  1. [1]Abdullah AM, Abdullah MA, Abdurrahman MB, al Husain MA (1992) Glucose-galactose malabsorption with renal stones in a Saudi child. Ann Trop Paediatr 12:327–329. 10.1080/02724936.1992.11747593 1280051 · DOI
  2. [2]Abdullah AMA, el-Mouzan MI, Shiekh OKE, Mazyad AA (1996) Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption in Arab children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 23:561–564. 10.1097/00005176-199612000-00008 8985845 · DOI
  3. [3]Abdul-Wahed A, Guilmeau S, Postic C (2017) Sweet sixteenth for ChREBP: established roles and future goals. Cell Metab 26:324–341. 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.004 28768172 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [4]Aerni-Flessner LB, Otu MC, Moley KH (2011) The amino acids upstream of NH(2)-terminal dileucine motif play a role in regulating the intracellular sorting of the class III transporters GLUT8 and GLUT12. Mol Membr Biol 28:30–41. 10.3109/09687688.2010.508196 PMC3867256 21067453 · DOI
  5. [5]Affleck JA Helliwell PA Kellett GL Immunocytochemical detection of GLUT2 at the rat intestinal brush-border membrane J Histochem Cytochem 2003 51 1567 1574 14566028 PMC3957565
  6. [6]Afshar N, Safaei S, Nickerson DP, Hunter PJ, Suresh V (2019) Computational modeling of glucose uptake in the enterocyte. Front Physiol 10:380. 10.3389/fphys.2019.00380 PMC6473069 31031632 · DOI
  7. [7]Ahn YH (2018) A journey to understand glucose homeostasis: starting from rat glucose transporter type 2 promoter cloning to hyperglycemia. Diabetes Metab J 42:465–471. 10.4093/dmj.2018.0116 PMC6300444 30398040 · DOI
  8. [9]Ali M, Rellos P, Cox TM (1998) Hereditary fructose intolerance. J Med Genet 35:353–365. 10.1136/jmg.35.5.353 PMC1051308 9610797 · DOI
  9. [10]Aljure O, Diez-Sampedro A (2010) Functional characterization of mouse sodium/glucose transporter type 3b. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299, C58–69. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00030.2010 20392930 · DOI
  10. [11]Alzaid F, Cheung HM, Preedy VR, Sharp PA (2013) Regulation of glucose transporter expression in human intestinal Caco-2 cells following exposure to an anthocyanin-rich berry extract. PLoS One 8:e78932. 10.1371/journal.pone.0078932 PMC3827299 24236070 · DOI
  11. [12]Amsler K, Cook JS (1982) Development of Na+-dependent hexose transport in a cultured line of porcine kidney cells. Am J Phys 242:C94–C101. 10.1152/ajpcell.1982.242.1.C94 6277200 · DOI
  12. [13]Andersson DE, Nygren A (1978) Four cases of long-standing diarrhoea and colic pains cured by fructose-free diet--a pathogenetic discussion. Acta Med Scand 203:87–92. 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb14836.x 626118 · DOI
  13. [14]Andres SF, Simmons JG, Mah AT, Santoro MA, Van Landeghem L, Lund PK (2013) Insulin receptor isoform switching in intestinal stem cells, progenitors, differentiated lineages and tumors: evidence that IR-B limits proliferation. J Cell Sci 126:5645–5656. 10.1242/jcs.132985 PMC3860310 24127567 · DOI
  14. [15]Aranias T, Grosfeld A, Poitou C, Omar AA, Le Gall M, Miquel S, Garbin K, Ribeiro A, Bouillot JL, Bado A, Brot-Laroche E, Clement K, Leturque A, Guilmeau S, Serradas P (2015) Lipid-rich diet enhances L-cell density in obese subjects and in mice through improved L-cell differentiation. J Nutr Sci 4:e22. 10.1017/jns.2015.11 PMC4459237 26157580 · DOI
  15. [16]Artis D, Wang ML, Keilbaugh SA, He W, Brenes M, Swain GP, Knight PA, Donaldson DD, Lazar MA, Miller HR, Schad GA, Scott P, Wu GD (2004) RELMbeta/FIZZ2 is a goblet cell-specific immune-effector molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:13596–13600. 10.1073/pnas.0404034101 PMC518800 15340149 · DOI
  16. [17]Asano T, Katagiri H, Tsukuda K, Lin JL, Ishihara H, Yazaki Y, Oka Y (1992) Upregulation of GLUT2 mRNA by glucose, mannose, and fructose in isolated rat hepatocytes. Diabetes 41:22–25. 10.2337/diab.41.1.22 1727734 · DOI
  17. [18]Au A, Gupta A, Schembri P, Cheeseman CI (2002) Rapid insertion of GLUT2 into the rat jejunal brush-border membrane promoted by glucagon-like peptide 2. Biochem J 367:247–254 https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20020393 PMC1222871 12095416 · DOI
  18. [19]Augustin R, Riley J, Moley KH (2005) GLUT8 contains a [DE]XXXL[LI] sorting motif and localizes to a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Traffic 6:1196–1212. 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00354.x 16262729 · DOI
  19. [20]Bado A, Levasseur S, Attoub S, Kermorgant S, Laigneau JP, Bortoluzzi MN, Moizo L, Lehy T, Guerre-Millo M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Lewin MJ (1998) The stomach is a source of leptin. Nature 394:790–793. 10.1038/29547 9723619 · DOI
  20. [22]Bailey CJ, Mynett KJ, Page T (1994) Importance of the intestine as a site of metformin-stimulated glucose utilization. Br J Pharmacol 112:671–675. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13128.x PMC1910373 8075887 · DOI
  21. [23]Balakrishnan A, Stearns AT, Ashley SW, Rhoads DB, Tavakkolizadeh A (2012) PER1 modulates SGLT1 transcription in vitro independent of E-box status. Dig Dis Sci 57:1525–1536. 10.1007/s10620-012-2166-8 PMC3376756 22526585 · DOI
  22. [25]Balen D, Ljubojevic M, Breljak D, Brzica H, Zlender V, Koepsell H, Sabolic I (2008) Revised immunolocalization of the Na+-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in rat organs with an improved antibody. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295:C475–C489 10.1152/ajpcell.00180.2008 18524944 · DOI · Paper page
  23. [26]Ban N, Yamada Y, Someya Y, Miyawaki K, Ihara Y, Hosokawa M, Toyokuni S, Tsuda K, Seino Y (2002) Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha recruits the transcriptional co-activator p300 on the GLUT2 gene promoter. Diabetes 51:1409–1418. 10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1409 11978637 · DOI
  24. [27]Barnes G, McKellar W, Lawrance S (1983) Detection of fructose malabsorption by breath hydrogen test in a child with diarrhea. J Pediatr 103:575–577. 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80588-5 6620018 · DOI
  25. [28]Barone S, Fussell SL, Singh AK, Lucas F, Xu J, Kim C, Wu X, Yu Y, Amlal H, Seidler U, Zuo J, Soleimani M (2009) Slc2a5 (Glut5) is essential for the absorption of fructose in the intestine and generation of fructose-induced hypertension. J Biol Chem 284:5056–5066. 10.1074/jbc.M808128200 PMC2643499 19091748 · DOI
  26. [29]Barrenetxe J, Villaro AC, Guembe L, Pascual I, Munoz-Navas M, Barber A, Lostao MP (2002) Distribution of the long leptin receptor isoform in brush border, basolateral membrane, and cytoplasm of enterocytes. Gut 50:797–802. 10.1136/gut.50.6.797 PMC1773228 12010881 · DOI
  27. [30]Batchelor DJ, Al-Rammahi M, Moran AW, Brand JG, Li X, Haskins M, German AJ, Shirazi-Beechey SP (2011) Sodium/glucose cotransporter-1, sweet receptor, and disaccharidase expression in the intestine of the domestic dog and cat: two species of different dietary habit. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300:R67–R75. 10.1152/ajpregu.00262.2010 PMC3023277 20980625 · DOI
  28. [31]Berger CN, Crepin VF, Roumeliotis TI, Wright JC, Carson D, Pevsner-Fischer M, Furniss RCD, Dougan G, Dori-Bachash M, Yu L, Clements A, Collins JW, Elinav E, Larrouy-Maumus GJ, Choudhary JS, Frankel G (2017) Citrobacter rodentium subverts ATP flux and cholesterol homeostasis in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. Cell Metab 26(738-752):e736. 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.003 PMC5695859 28988824 · DOI
  29. [32]Bergeron JJ, Rachubinski R, Searle N, Borts D, Sikstrom R, Posner BI (1980) Polypeptide hormone receptors in vivo: demonstration of insulin binding to adrenal gland and gastrointestinal epithelium by quantitative radioautography. J Histochem Cytochem 28:824–835 http://https://doi.org/10.1177/28.8.6255031 6255031 · DOI
  30. [33]Binder HJ, Brown I, Ramakrishna BS, Young GP (2014) Oral rehydration therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 16:376. 10.1007/s11894-014-0376-2 PMC3950600 24562469 · DOI
  31. [34]Bizot-Espiard JG Double A Guardiola-Lemaitre B Delagrange P Ktorza A Penicaud L Diurnal rhythms in plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone and melatonin levels in fasted and hyperglycaemic rats Diabetes Metab 1998 24 235 240 9690056
  32. [36]Blakemore SJ, Aledo JC, James J, Campbell FC, Lucocq JM, Hundal HS (1995) The GLUT5 hexose transporter is also localized to the basolateral membrane of the human jejunum. Biochem J 309:7–12 10.1042/bj3090007 PMC1135792 7619085 · DOI
  33. [37]Bode C, Eisenhardt JM, Haberich FJ, Bode JC (1981) Influence of feeding fructose on fructose and glucose absorption in rat jejunum and ileum. Res Exp Med (Berl) 179:163–168. 10.1007/bf01851984 7280364 · DOI
  34. [38]Bonny C, Thompson N, Nicod P, Waeber G (1995) Pancreatic-specific expression of the glucose transporter type 2 gene: identification of cis-elements and islet-specific trans-acting factors. Mol Endocrinol 9:1413–1426. 10.1210/mend.9.10.8544849 8544849 · DOI
  35. [39]Boyer S, Sharp PA, Debnam ES, Baldwin SA, Srai SK (1996) Streptozotocin diabetes and the expression of GLUT1 at the brush border and basolateral membranes of intestinal enterocytes. FEBS Lett 396:218–222. 10.1016/0014-5793(96)01102-7 8914990 · DOI
  36. [40]Bristol JB, Williamson RC (1988) Nutrition, operations, and intestinal adaptation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 12:299–309. 10.1177/0148607188012003299 3292799 · DOI
  37. [41]Buchman AL, Moukarzel AA, Bhuta S, Belle M, Ament ME, Eckhert CD, Hollander D, Gornbein J, Kopple JD, Vijayaroghavan SR (1995) Parenteral nutrition is associated with intestinal morphologic and functional changes in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 19:453–460. 10.1177/0148607195019006453 8748359 · DOI
  38. [43]Buddington RK, Chen JW, Diamond JM (1991) Dietary regulation of intestinal brush-border sugar and amino acid transport in carnivores. Am J Phys 261:R793–R801. 10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.R793 1928426 · DOI
  39. [44]Bueter M, Lowenstein C, Olbers T, Wang M, Cluny NL, Bloom SR, Sharkey KA, Lutz TA, le Roux CW (2010) Gastric bypass increases energy expenditure in rats. Gastroenterology 138:1845–1853. 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.012 19931268 · DOI
  40. [45]Burant CF, Saxena M (1994) Rapid reversible substrate regulation of fructose transporter expression in rat small intestine and kidney. Am J Phys 267:G71–G79. 10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.1.G71 8048533 · DOI
  41. [46]Burant CF, Takeda J, Brot-Laroche E, Bell GI, Davidson NO (1992) Fructose transporter in human spermatozoa and small intestine is GLUT5. J Biol Chem 267:14523–14526. 10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.1.G71 1634504 · DOI
  42. [47]Burant CF Flink S DePaoli AM Chen J Lee W-S Hediger MA Buse JB Chang EB Small intestine hexose transport in experimental diabetes. Increased transporter mRNA and protein expression in enterocytes J Clin Invest 1994 93 578 585 8113395 PMC293881
  43. [48]Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jiang R, Chang X, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Greeley GH Jr, Reeds PJ (2000) Minimal enteral nutrient requirements for intestinal growth in neonatal piglets: how much is enough? Am J Clin Nutr 71:1603–1610. 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1603 10837305 · DOI
  44. [49]Cammisotto PG, Renaud C, Gingras D, Delvin E, Levy E, Bendayan M (2005) Endocrine and exocrine secretion of leptin by the gastric mucosa. J Histochem Cytochem 53:851–860. 10.1369/jhc.5A6620.2005 15995144 · DOI
  45. [50]Cammisotto PG, Gingras D, Renaud C, Levy E, Bendayan M (2006) Secretion of soluble leptin receptors by exocrine and endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G242–G249. 10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2005 16239400 · DOI
  46. [51]Cani PD, Holst JJ, Drucker DJ, Delzenne NM, Thorens B, Burcelin R, Knauf C (2007) GLUT2 and the incretin receptors are involved in glucose-induced incretin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 276:18–23. 10.1016/j.mce.2007.06.003 17681422 · DOI
  47. [52]Cani PD, Hoste S, Guiot Y, Delzenne NM (2007) Dietary non-digestible carbohydrates promote L-cell differentiation in the proximal colon of rats. Br J Nutr 98:32–37. 10.1017/S0007114507691648 17367575 · DOI
  48. [53]Cardani D, Sardi C, La FB, D'Orazio G, Sommariva M, Marcucci F, Olivero D, Tagliabue E, Koepsell H, Nicotra F, Balsari A, Rumio C (2014) Sodium glucose cotransporter 1 ligand BLF501 as a novel tool for management of gastrointestinal mucositis. Mol Cancer 13:23. 10.1186/1476-4598-13-23 PMC3937063 24495286 · DOI
  49. [54]Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, Beck PL, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK (2000) Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing Toll-like receptors. J Immunol 164:966–972. 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.966 10623846 · DOI
  50. [55]Carraway R Leeman SE Characterization of radioimmunoassayable neurotensin in the rat. Its differential distribution in the central nervous system, small intestine, and stomach J Biol Chem 1976 251 7045 7052 993203
  51. [56]Carraway RE, Demers LM, Leeman SE (1976) Hyperglycemic effect of neurotensin, a hypothalamic peptide. Endocrinology 99:1452–1462. 10.1210/endo-99-6-1452 826391 · DOI
  52. [57]Castaneda-Sceppa C Subramanian S Castaneda F Protein kinase C mediated intracellular signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter SGLT1 activity J Cell Biochem 2010 109 1109 1117 20069550
  53. [58]Castello A, Guma A, Sevilla L, Furriols M, Testar X, Palacin M, Zorzano A (1995) Regulation of GLUT5 gene expression in rat intestinal mucosa: regional distribution, circadian rhythm, perinatal development and effect of diabetes. Biochem J 309(Pt 1):271–277. 10.1042/bj3090271 PMC1135830 7619068 · DOI
  54. [59]Cavin JB, Couvelard A, Lebtahi R, Ducroc R, Arapis K, Voitellier E, Cluzeaud F, Gillard L, Hourseau M, Mikail N, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Kapel N, Marmuse JP, Bado A, Le Gall M (2016) Differences in alimentary glucose absorption and intestinal disposal of blood glucose after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy. Gastroenterology 150(454-464):e459. 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.009 26481855 · DOI
  55. [60]Cha JY, Kim H, Kim KS, Hur MW, Ahn Y (2000) Identification of transacting factors responsible for the tissue-specific expression of human glucose transporter type 2 isoform gene. Cooperative role of hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 3beta. J Biol Chem 275:18358–18365. 10.1074/jbc.M909536199 10748140 · DOI
  56. [61]Chambers RA, Pratt RT (1956) Idiosyncrasy to fructose. Lancet 271:340. 10.1016/s0140-6736(56)92196-1 13358219 · DOI
  57. [62]Chaudhri O, Small C, Bloom S (2006) Gastrointestinal hormones regulating appetite. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 361:1187–1209. 10.1098/rstb.2006.1856 PMC1642697 16815798 · DOI
  58. [63]Cheeseman CI GLUT2 is the transporter for fructose across the rat intestinal basolateral membrane Gastroenterology 1993 105 1050 1056 8405848
  59. [65]Chen J, Williams S, Ho S, Loraine H, Hagan D, Whaley JM, Feder JN (2010) Quantitative PCR tissue expression profiling of the human SGLT2 gene and related family members. Diabetes Ther 1:57–92. 10.1007/s13300-010-0006-4 PMC3138482 22127746 · DOI
  60. [66]Chintalapati C, Keller T, Mueller TD, Gorboulev V, Schafer N, Zilkowski I, Veyhl-Wichmann M, Geiger D, Groll J, Koepsell H (2016) Protein RS1 (RSC1A1) downregulates the exocytotic pathway of glucose transporter SGLT1 at low intracellular glucose via inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. Mol Pharmacol 90:508–521. 10.1124/mol.116.104521 27555600 · DOI
  61. [67]Chung BM, Wallace LE, Hardin JA, Gall DG (2002) The effect of epidermal growth factor on the distribution of SGLT-1 in rabbit jejunum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 80:872–878 10.1139/y02-115 12430982 · DOI
  62. [69]Corpe CP Burant CF Hexose transporter expression in rat small intestine: effect of diet on diurnal variations Am J Phys 1996 271 G211 G216 8760125
  63. [70]Corpe CP, Basaleh MM, Affleck J, Gould G, Jess TJ, Kellett GL (1996) The regulation of GLUT5 and GLUT2 activity in the adaptation of intestinal brush-border fructose transport in diabetes. Pflugers Arch 432:192–201 10.1007/s004240050124 8662294 · DOI
  64. [71]Corpe C, Sreenan S, Burant C (2001) Effects of type-2 diabetes and troglitazone on the expression patterns of small intestinal sugar transporters and PPAR-gamma in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Digestion 63:116–123. 10.1159/000051879 11244250 · DOI
  65. [72]Cote CD, Zadeh-Tahmasebi M, Rasmussen BA, Duca FA, Lam TK (2014) Hormonal signaling in the gut. J Biol Chem 289:11642–11649. 10.1074/jbc.O114.556068 PMC4002074 24577102 · DOI
  66. [73]Cottrell JJ, Stoll B, Buddington RK, Stephens JE, Cui L, Chang X, Burrin DG (2006) Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects against TPN-induced intestinal hexose malabsorption in enterally refed piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G293–G300. 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2005 16166344 · DOI
  67. [74]Cox TM, O'Donnell MW, Camilleri M, Burghes AH (1983) Isolation and characterization of a mutant liver aldolase in adult hereditary fructose intolerance. Identification of the enzyme variant by radioassay in tissue biopsy specimens. J Clin Invest 72:201–213. 10.1172/jci110958 PMC1129175 6348085 · DOI
  68. [75]Cross NC, Tolan DR, Cox TM (1988) Catalytic deficiency of human aldolase B in hereditary fructose intolerance caused by a common missense mutation. Cell 53:881–885. 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)90349-2 3383242 · DOI
  69. [76]Cui X-L, Soteropoulos P, Tolias P, Ferraris RP (2004) Fructose-responsive genes in the small intestine of neonatal rats. Physiol Genomics 18:206–217 https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpgi.00550.2004 15150374 · DOI
  70. [77]Cui X-L Schlesier AM Fisher EL Cerqueira C Ferraris RP Fructose-induced increases in neonatal rat intestinal fructose transport involve the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005 288 G1310 G1320 15691865
  71. [78]D’Alessio DA, Kahn SE, Leusner CR, Ensinck JW (1994) Glucagon-like peptide 1 enhances glucose tolerance both by stimulation of insulin release and by increasing insulin-independent glucose disposal. J Clin Invest 93:2263–2266. 10.1172/JCI117225 PMC294382 8182159 · DOI
  72. [79]Dakka T, Cuber JC, Chayvialle JA (1993) Functional coupling between the active transport of glucose and the secretion of intestinal neurotensin in rats. J Physiol 469:753–765. 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019841 PMC1143898 7505826 · DOI
  73. [80]Das S, Jayaratne R, Barrett KE (2018) The role of ion transporters in the pathophysiology of infectious diarrhea. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:33–45. 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.009 PMC6007821 29928670 · DOI
  74. [81]Davidson NO Hausman AML Ifkovits CA Buse JB Gould GW Burant CF Bell GI Human intestinal glucose transporter expression and localization of GLUT5 Am J Phys 1992 262 C795 C800 1550217
  75. [82]Dean P, Maresca M, Schuller S, Phillips AD, Kenny B (2006) Potent diarrheagenic mechanism mediated by the cooperative action of three enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-injected effector proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:1876–1881. 10.1073/pnas.0509451103 PMC1413648 16446436 · DOI
  76. [83]Debnam ES, Smith MW, Sharp PA, Srai SK, Turvey A, Keable SJ (1995) The effects of streptozotocin diabetes on sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT1) expression and function in rat jejunal and ileal villus-attached enterocytes. Pflugers Arch 430:151–159. 10.1007/bf00374645 7675626 · DOI
  77. [84]DeBosch BJ, Chi M, Moley KH (2012) Glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) regulates enterocyte fructose transport and global mammalian fructose utilization. Endocrinology 153:4181–4191. 10.1210/en.2012-1541 PMC3423610 22822162 · DOI
  78. [85]Dey I, Lejeune M, Chadee K (2006) Prostaglandin E2 receptor distribution and function in the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Pharmacol 149:611–623. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706923 PMC2014644 17016496 · DOI
  79. [86]Diamond JM, Karasov WH (1984) Effect of dietary carbohydrate on monosaccharide uptake by mouse small intestine in vitro. J Physiol 349:419–440 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015165 PMC1199346 6737300 · DOI
  80. [87]Dieter M Palmada M Rajamanickam J Aydin A Busjahn A Boehmer C Luft FC Lang F Regulation of glucose transporter SGLT1 by ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and kinases SGK1, SGK3, and PKB Obes Res 2004 12 862 870 15166308
  81. [88]Dobbins RL, Greenway FL, Chen L, Liu Y, Breed SL, Andrews SM, Wald JA, Walker A, Smith CD (2015) Selective sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 inhibitors block glucose absorption and impair glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide release. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 308:G946–G954. 10.1152/ajpgi.00286.2014 25767259 · DOI
  82. [89]Doege H, Schurmann A, Bahrenberg G, Brauers A, Joost HG (2000) GLUT8, a novel member of the sugar transport facilitator family with glucose transport activity. J Biol Chem 275:16275–16280. 10.1074/jbc.275.21.16275 10821868 · DOI
  83. [90]Dominguez Rieg JA, Chirasani VR, Koepsell H, Senapati S, Mahata SK, Rieg T (2016) Regulation of intestinal SGLT1 by catestatin in hyperleptinemic type 2 diabetic mice. Lab Invest 96:98–111. 10.1038/labinvest.2015.129 PMC4695279 26552046 · DOI
  84. [91]Dotimas JR, Lee AW, Schmider AB, Carroll SH, Shah A, Bilen J, Elliott KR, Myers RB, Soberman RJ, Yoshioka J, Lee RT (2016) Diabetes regulates fructose absorption through thioredoxin-interacting protein. Elife 5. 10.7554/eLife.18313 PMC5059142 27725089 · DOI
  85. [92]Douard V Ferraris RP Regulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in health and disease Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008 295 E227 E237 18398011 PMC2652499
  86. [93]Douard V, Ferraris RP (2013) The role of fructose transporters in diseases linked to excessive fructose intake. J Physiol 591:401–414. 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.215731 PMC3577529 23129794 · DOI
  87. [94]Drucker DJ (1999) Glucagon-like peptide 2. Trends Endocrinol Metab 10:153–156. 10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00136-2 10322410 · DOI
  88. [95]Ducroc R, Guilmeau S, Akasbi K, Devaud H, Buyse M, Bado A (2005) Luminal leptin induces rapid inhibition of active intestinal absorption of glucose mediated by sodium-glucose cotransporter 1. Diabetes 54:348–354 10.2337/diabetes.54.2.348 15677491 · DOI
  89. [96]Duquette PP, Bissonnette P, Lapointe JY (2001) Local osmotic gradients drive the water flux associated with Na(+)/glucose cotransport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:3796–3801. 10.1073/pnas.071245198 PMC31132 11274397 · DOI
  90. [97]Dyer J, Garner A, Wood IS, Sharma AK, Chandranath I, Shirazi-Beechey SP (1997) Changes in the levels of intestinal Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) in experimental diabetes. Biochem Soc Trans 25:479S. 10.1042/bst025479s 9388700 · DOI · Paper page
  91. [98]Dyer J Wood IS Palejwala A Ellis A Shirazi-Beechey SP Expression of monosaccharide transporters in intestine of diabetic humans Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002 282 G241 G248 11804845
  92. [101]Egerod KL, Engelstoft MS, Grunddal KV, Nohr MK, Secher A, Sakata I, Pedersen J, Windelov JA, Fuchtbauer EM, Olsen J, Sundler F, Christensen JP, Wierup N, Olsen JV, Holst JJ, Zigman JM, Poulsen SS, Schwartz TW (2012) A major lineage of enteroendocrine cells coexpress CCK, secretin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, and neurotensin but not somatostatin. Endocrinology 153:5782–5795. 10.1210/en.2012-1595 PMC7958714 23064014 · DOI
  93. [102]El-Naggar W, Balfe JW, Barbar M, Taha D (2005) Nephrocalcinosis in glucose-galactose malabsorption, association with renal tubular acidosis. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1336–1339. 10.1007/s00467-005-1885-x 16010597 · DOI
  94. [103]Elsas LJ, Hillman RE, Patterson JH, Rosenberg LE (1970) Renal and intestinal hexose transport in familial glucose-galactose malabsorption. J Clin Invest 49:576–585. 10.1172/JCI106268 PMC322506 5415683 · DOI
  95. [104]Elvira B, Honisch S, Almilaji A, Pakladok T, Liu G, Shumilina E, Alesutan I, Yang W, Munoz C, Lang F (2013) Up-regulation of Na(+)-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 by caveolin-1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1828:2394–2398. 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.06.007 23774524 · DOI
  96. [105]Erokhova L, Horner A, Ollinger N, Siligan C, Pohl P (2016) The sodium glucose cotransporter SGLT1 is an extremely efficient facilitator of passive water transport. J Biol Chem. 10.1074/jbc.M115.706986 PMC4850308 26945065 · DOI
  97. [106]Fanconi G Bickel H Chronic aminoaciduria (amino acid diabetes or nephrotic-glucosuric dwarfism) in glycogen storage and cystine disease Helv Paediatr Acta 1949 4 359 396 15397919
  98. [107]Farrell TL, Ellam SL, Forrelli T, Williamson G (2013) Attenuation of glucose transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers by a polyphenol-rich herbal extract: interactions with SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters. Biofactors 39:448–456. 10.1002/biof.1090 23361943 · DOI
  99. [108]Fatima J, Iqbal CW, Houghton SG, Kasparek MS, Duenes JA, Zheng Y, Sarr MG (2009) Hexose transporter expression and function in mouse small intestine: role of diurnal rhythm. J Gastrointest Surg 13:634–641 10.1007/s11605-008-0776-4 PMC3426922 19082670 · DOI
  100. [109]Fedorak RN, Cheeseman CI, Thomson ABR, Porter VM (1991) Altered glucose carrier expression: mechanism of intestinal adaptation during streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. Am J Phys 261:G585–G591 10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.4.G585 1928347 · DOI
  101. [110]Ferraris RP, Diamond J (1992) Crypt-villus site of glucose transporter induction by dietary carbohydrate in mouse intestine. Am J Phys 262:G1069–G1073. 10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.6.G1069 1616036 · DOI
  102. [111]Ferraris RP, Diamond JM (1993) Crypt/villus site of substrate-dependent regulation of mouse intestinal glucose transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:5868–5872. 10.1073/pnas.90.12.5868 PMC46824 8516339 · DOI
  103. [112]Ferraris RP, Diamond J (1997) Regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Physiol Rev 77:257–302 10.1073/pnas.90.12.5868 9016304 · DOI
  104. [113]Ferraris RP Villenas SA Hirayama BA Diamond J Effect of diet on glucose transporter site density along the intestinal crypt-villus axis Am J Phys 1992 262 G1060 G1068 1616035
  105. [114]Field FJ, Born E, Murthy S, Mathur SN (2001) Regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in hamster intestine by changes in cholesterol flux. J Biol Chem 276:17576–17583. 10.1074/jbc.M010917200 11278785 · DOI
  106. [115]Filatova A, Leyerer M, Gorboulev V, Chintalapati C, Reinders Y, Muller TD, Srinivasan A, Hubner S, Koepsell H (2009) Novel shuttling domain in a regulator (RSC1A1) of transporter SGLT1 steers cell cycle-dependent nuclear location. Traffic 10:1599–1618 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00982.x 19765263 · DOI
  107. [116]Fisher RB, Gardner ML (1976) A diurnal rhythm in the absorption of glucose and water by isolated rat small intestine. J Physiol 254:821–825. 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011262 PMC1309227 943523 · DOI
  108. [117]Flessner LB, Moley KH (2009) Similar [DE]XXXL[LI] motifs differentially target GLUT8 and GLUT12 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Traffic 10:324–333. 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00866.x PMC2983051 19076329 · DOI
  109. [118]Flynn CR, Albaugh VL, Cai S, Cheung-Flynn J, Williams PE, Brucker RM, Bordenstein SR, Guo Y, Wasserman DH, Abumrad NN (2015) Bile diversion to the distal small intestine has comparable metabolic benefits to bariatric surgery. Nat Commun 6:7715. 10.1038/ncomms8715 PMC4518285 26197299 · DOI
  110. [119]Folkers K, Chang D, Humphries J, Carraway R, Leeman SE, Bowers CY (1976) Synthesis and activities of neurotensin, and its acid and amide analogs: possible natural occurrence of [Gln4]-neurotensin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73:3833–3837. 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3833 PMC431229 1069268 · DOI
  111. [120]Fujio J, Kushiyama A, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Ogihara T, Fukushima Y, Anai M, Horike N, Kamata H, Uchijima Y, Kurihara H, Asano T (2008) Regulation of gut-derived resistin-like molecule beta expression by nutrients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 79:2–10. 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.04.015 17936398 · DOI
  112. [121]Fujita Y, Wideman RD, Speck M, Asadi A, King DS, Webber TD, Haneda M, Kieffer TJ (2009) Incretin release from gut is acutely enhanced by sugar but not by sweeteners in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296:E473–E479. 10.1152/ajpendo.90636.2008 19106249 · DOI
  113. [122]Fukumoto H, Seino S, Imura H, Seino Y, Bell GI (1988) Characterization and expression of human HepG2/erythrocyte glucose-transporter gene. Diabetes 37:657–661. 10.2337/diab.37.5.657 2834252 · DOI
  114. [123]Fukumoto H Seino S Imura H Seino Y Eddy RL Fukushima Y Byers MG Shows TB Bell GI Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a human glucose transporter-like protein Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 85 5434 5438 3399500 PMC281771
  115. [124]Furuya S, Takahashi S (1975) Absorption of L-histidine and glucose from the jejunum segment of the pig and its diurnal fluctuation. Br J Nutr 34:267–277. 10.1017/s0007114575000311 1236738 · DOI
  116. [125]Furuya S, Yugari Y (1974) Daily rhythmic change of L-histidine and glucose absorptions in rat small intestine in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 343:558–564. 10.1016/0304-4165(74)90274-8 4407033 · DOI
  117. [126]Gagnon MP, Bissonnette P, Deslandes LM, Wallendorff B, Lapointe JY (2004) Glucose accumulation can account for the initial water flux triggered by Na+/glucose cotransport. Biophys J 86:125–133. 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74090-4 PMC1303776 14695256 · DOI
  118. [127]Galanos C, Freudenberg MA, Reutter W (1979) Galactosamine-induced sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76:5939–5943. 10.1073/pnas.76.11.5939 · DOI
  119. [128]Gerspach AC, Steinert RE, Schonenberger L, Graber-Maier A, Beglinger C (2011) The role of the gut sweet taste receptor in regulating GLP-1, PYY, and CCK release in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301:E317–E325. 10.1152/ajpendo.00077.2011 21540445 · DOI
  120. [129]Gerstmayer B, Kusters D, Gebel S, Muller T, Van Miert E, Hofmann K, Bosio A (2003) Identification of RELMgamma, a novel resistin-like molecule with a distinct expression pattern. Genomics 81:588–595. 10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00070-3 12782128 · DOI
  121. [130]Gibson PR, Newnham E, Barrett JS, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG (2007) Review article: fructose malabsorption and the bigger picture. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25:349–363. 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03186.x 17217453 · DOI
  122. [131]Goodwin NC, Ding ZM, Harrison BA, Strobel ED, Harris AL, Smith M, Thompson AY, Xiong W, Mseeh F, Bruce DJ, Diaz D, Gopinathan S, Li L, O'Neill E, Thiel M, Wilson AG, Carson KG, Powell DR, Rawlins DB (2017) Discovery of LX2761, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) inhibitor restricted to the intestinal lumen, for the treatment of diabetes. J Med Chem 60:710–721. 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01541 28045524 · DOI
  123. [132]Gorboulev V, Schürmann A, Vallon V, Kipp H, Jaschke A, Klessen D, Friedrich A, Scherneck S, Rieg T, Cunard R, Veyhl-Wichmann M, Srinivasan A, Balen D, Breljak D, Rexhepaj R, Parker HE, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Lang F, Wiese S, Sabolic I, Sendtner M, Koepsell H (2012) Na+-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 is pivotal for intestinal glucose absorption and glucose-dependent incretin secretion. Diabetes 61:187–196. 10.2337/db11-1029 PMC3237647 22124465 · DOI · Paper page
  124. [133]Gould GW, Thomas HM, Jess TJ, Bell GI (1991) Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes: kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms. Biochemistry 30:5139–5145. 10.1021/bi00235a004 2036379 · DOI
  125. [134]Gouyon F, Caillaud L, Carriere V, Klein C, Dalet V, Citadelle D, Kellett GL, Thorens B, Leturque A, Brot-Laroche E (2003) Simple-sugar meals target GLUT2 at enterocyte apical membranes to improve sugar absorption: a study in GLUT2-null mice. J Physiol 552:823–832. 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049247 PMC2343460 12937289 · DOI
  126. [135]Gouyon F, Onesto C, Dalet V, Pages G, Leturque A, Brot-Laroche E (2003) Fructose modulates GLUT5 mRNA stability in differentiated Caco-2 cells: role of cAMP-signalling pathway and PABP (polyadenylated-binding protein)-interacting protein (Paip) 2. Biochem J 375:167–174. 10.1042/BJ20030661 PMC1223656 12820898 · DOI
  127. [136]Grey VL, Morin CL (1990) A growth-stimulating activity derived from the proximal small intestine is associated with an adaptive response. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68:646–649. 10.1139/y90-095 2187580 · DOI
  128. [137]Gribble FM (2012) The gut endocrine system as a coordinator of postprandial nutrient homoeostasis. Proc Nutr Soc 71:456–462. 10.1017/S0029665112000705 22906726 · DOI
  129. [138]Groos S Hunefeld G Luciano L Parenteral versus enteral nutrition: morphological changes in human adult intestinal mucosa J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1996 28 61 74 8929627
  130. [139]Gröschl M Rauh M Wagner R Neuhuber W Metzler M Tamgüney G Zenk J Schoof E Dörr HG Blum WF Rascher W Dötsch J Identification of leptin in human saliva J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 86 5234 5239 11701683
  131. [140]Guan X, Karpen HE, Stephens J, Bukowski JT, Niu S, Zhang G, Stoll B, Finegold MJ, Holst JJ, Hadsell D, Nichols BL, Burrin DG (2006) GLP-2 receptor localizes to enteric neurons and endocrine cells expressing vasoactive peptides and mediates increased blood flow. Gastroenterology 130:150–164. 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.005 16401478 · DOI
  132. [141]Guo X, Yang B, Tan J, Jiang J, Li D (2016) Associations of dietary intakes of anthocyanins and berry fruits with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 70:1360–1367. 10.1038/ejcn.2016.142 27530472 · DOI
  133. [142]Haase W Heitmann K Friese W Ollig D Koepsell H Characterization and histochemical localization of the rat intestinal Na+-D-glucose cotransporter by monoclonal antibodies Eur J Cell Biol 1990 52 297 309 2081531
  134. [143]Habib AM, Richards P, Cairns LS, Rogers GJ, Bannon CA, Parker HE, Morley TC, Yeo GS, Reimann F, Gribble FM (2012) Overlap of endocrine hormone expression in the mouse intestine revealed by transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry. Endocrinology 153:3054–3065. 10.1210/en.2011-2170 PMC3440453 22685263 · DOI
  135. [144]Halaihel N, Lievin V, Ball JM, Estes MK, Alvarado F, Vasseur M (2000) Direct inhibitory effect of rotavirus NSP4(114-135) peptide on the Na(+)-D-glucose symporter of rabbit intestinal brush border membrane. J Virol 74:9464–9470. 10.1128/jvi.74.20.9464-9470.2000 PMC112375 11000215 · DOI
  136. [145]Hansen CF, Bueter M, Theis N, Lutz T, Paulsen S, Dalboge LS, Vrang N, Jelsing J (2013) Hypertrophy dependent doubling of L-cells in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operated rats. PLoS One 8:e65696. 10.1371/journal.pone.0065696 PMC3679162 23776529 · DOI
  137. [146]Hanson PJ, Morton AP (1983) Metabolism of glucose in the small intestine of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. Ann Nutr Metab 27:396–403. 10.1159/000176711 6638948 · DOI
  138. [147]Hara E, Saito M (1980) Diurnal changes in plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose load in rats. Am J Phys 238:E463–E466. 10.1152/ajpendo.1980.238.5.E463 6990785 · DOI
  139. [148]Hara E, Saito M (1989) Diurnal change in digestion and absorption of sucrose in vivo in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 35:667–671. 10.3177/jnsv.35.667 2634741 · DOI
  140. [149]Hardin JA, Wong JK, Cheeseman CI, Gall DG (1996) Effect of luminal epidermal growth factor on enterocyte glucose and proline transport. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 271:G509–G515. 10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.3.G509 8843777 · DOI
  141. [150]He YL, Haynes W, Meyers CD, Amer A, Zhang Y, Mahling P, Mendonza AE, Ma S, Chutkow W, Bachman E (2019) The effects of licogliflozin, a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor, on body weight in obese patients with or without diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 10.1111/dom.13654 30724002 · DOI · Paper page
  142. [151]Helliwell PA Richardson M Affleck J Kellett GL Regulation of GLUT5, GLUT2 and intestinal brush-border fructose absorption by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen- activated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase intracellular signalling pathways: implications for adaptation to diabetes Biochem J 2000 350 163 169 10926840 PMC1221238
  143. [152]Helliwell PA Richardson M Affleck J Kellett GL Stimulation of fructose transport across the intestinal brush-border membrane by PMA is mediated by GLUT2 and dynamically regulated by protein kinase C Biochem J 2000 350 149 154 10926838 PMC1221236
  144. [153]Hers HG Joassin G Anomaly of hepatic aldolase in intolerance to fructose Enzymol Biol Clin (Basel) 1961 1 4 14 13906876
  145. [154]Hidalgo J, Teuber S, Morera FJ, Ojeda C, Flores CA, Hidalgo MA, Nunez L, Villalobos C, Burgos RA (2017) Delphinidin reduces glucose uptake in mice jejunal tissue and human intestinal cell lines through FFA1/GPR40. Int J Mol Sci 18. 10.3390/ijms18040750 PMC5412335 28379159 · DOI
  146. [155]Hirayama BA, Wong HC, Smith CD, Hagenbuch BA, Hediger MA, Wright EM (1991) Intestinal and renal Na+/glucose cotransporters share common structures. Am J Phys 261:C296–C304. 10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.2.C296 1714681 · DOI
  147. [156]Hirsch JR Loo DDF Wright EM Regulation of Na+/glucose cotransporter expression by protein kinases in Xenopus laevis oocytes J Biol Chem 1996 271 14740 14746 8663046
  148. [157]Hirschhorn N, Kinzie JL, Sachar DB, Northrup RS, Taylor JO, Ahmad SZ, Phillips RA (1968) Decrease in net stool output in cholera during intestinal perfusion with glucose-containing solutions. N Engl J Med 279:176–181. 10.1056/NEJM196807252790402 4968807 · DOI
  149. [158]Hirsh AJ Cheeseman CI Cholecystokinin decreases intestinal hexose absorption by a parallel reduction in SGLT1 abundance in the brush-border membrane J Biol Chem 1998 273 14545 14549 9603969
  150. [159]Hoekstra JH, van den Aker JH (1996) Facilitating effect of amino acids on fructose and sorbitol absorption in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 23:118–124. 10.1097/00005176-199608000-00004 8856576 · DOI
  151. [160]Holst JJ, Madsbad S (2016) Mechanisms of surgical control of type 2 diabetes: GLP-1 is key factor. Surg Obes Relat Dis 12:1236–1242. 10.1016/j.soard.2016.02.033 27313194 · DOI
  152. [161]Holzer P Michl T Danzer M Jocic M Schicho R Lippe IT Surveillance of the gastrointestinal mucosa by sensory neurons J Physiol Pharmacol 2001 52 505 521 11787755
  153. [162]Honma K, Masuda Y, Mochizuki K, Goda T (2014) Re-feeding rats a high-sucrose diet after 3 days of starvation enhances histone H3 acetylation in transcribed region and expression of jejunal GLUT5 gene. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 78:1071–1073. 10.1080/09168451.2014.912121 25036137 · DOI
  154. [163]Hopfer U (1975) Diabetes mellitus: changes in the transport properties of isolated intestinal microvillous membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72:2027–2031. 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2027 PMC432685 49051 · DOI
  155. [164]Hoque KM Sarker R Guggino SE Tse C-M A new insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of zinc in diarrhea Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009 1165 279 284 19538317
  156. [165]Horakova O, Kroupova P, Bardova K, Buresova J, Janovska P, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M (2019) Metformin acutely lowers blood glucose levels by inhibition of intestinal glucose transport. Sci Rep 9:6156. 10.1038/s41598-019-42531-0 PMC6468119 30992489 · DOI
  157. [166]Hosseinzadeh Z, Bhavsar SK, Shojaiefard M, Saxena A, Merches K, Sopjani M, Alesutan I, Lang F (2011) Stimulation of the glucose carrier SGLT1 by JAK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 408:208–213. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.036 21406183 · DOI
  158. [167]Hu Z, Wang Y, Graham WV, Su L, Musch MW, Turner JR (2006) MAPKAPK-2 is a critical signaling intermediate in NHE3 activation following Na+-glucose cotransport. J Biol Chem 281:24247–24253. 10.1074/jbc.M602898200 16793766 · DOI
  159. [168]Hwang ES, Hirayama BA, Wright EM (1991) Distribution of the SGLT1 Na+/glucose cotransporter and mRNA along the crypt-villus axis of rabbit small intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 181:1208–1217. 10.1016/0006-291x(91)92067-t 1764071 · DOI
  160. [169]Ibberson M, Uldry M, Thorens B (2000) GLUTX1, a novel mammalian glucose transporter expressed in the central nervous system and insulin-sensitive tissues. J Biol Chem 275:4607–4612. 10.1074/jbc.275.7.4607 10671487 · DOI
  161. [170]Iizuka K, Bruick RK, Liang G, Horton JD, Uyeda K (2004) Deficiency of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) reduces lipogenesis as well as glycolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:7281–7286. 10.1073/pnas.0401516101 PMC409910 15118080 · DOI
  162. [171]Ikari A, Nakano M, Kawano K, Suketa Y (2002) Up-regulation of sodium-dependent glucose transporter by interaction with heat shock protein 70. J Biol Chem 277:33338–33343. 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.10.003 12082088 · DOI
  163. [172]Ikari A, Nagatani Y, Tsukimoto M, Harada H, Miwa M, Takagi K (2005) Sodium-dependent glucose transporter reduces peroxynitrite and cell injury caused by cisplatin in renal tubular epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1717:109–117. 10.1074/jbc.M200310200 16288972 · DOI
  164. [173]Im SS, Kang SY, Kim SY, Kim HI, Kim JW, Kim KS, Ahn YH (2005) Glucose-stimulated upregulation of GLUT2 gene is mediated by sterol response element-binding protein-1c in the hepatocytes. Diabetes 54:1684–1691. 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1684 15919789 · DOI
  165. [174]Inoue Y, Espat NJ, Frohnapple DJ, Epstein H, Copeland EM, Souba WW (1993) Effect of total parenteral nutrition on amino acid and glucose transport by the human small intestine. Ann Surg 217:604–612; discussion 612-604. 10.1097/00000658-199306000-00002 PMC1242861 8507109 · DOI
  166. [175]Inoue T, Takemura M, Fushimi N, Fujimori Y, Onozato T, Kurooka T, Asari T, Takeda H, Kobayashi M, Nishibe H, Isaji M (2017) Mizagliflozin, a novel selective SGLT1 inhibitor, exhibits potential in the amelioration of chronic constipation. Eur J Pharmacol 806:25–31. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.010 28410751 · DOI
  167. [176]Io F, Gunji E, Koretsune H, Kato K, Sugisaki-Kitano M, Okumura-Kitajima L, Kimura K, Uchida S, Yamamoto K (2019) SGL5213, a novel and potent intestinal SGLT1 inhibitor, suppresses intestinal glucose absorption and enhances plasma GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 853:136–144. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.023 30878385 · DOI
  168. [177]Iwashina I, Mochizuki K, Inamochi Y, Goda T (2011) Clock genes regulate the feeding schedule-dependent diurnal rhythm changes in hexose transporter gene expressions through the binding of BMAL1 to the promoter/enhancer and transcribed regions. J Nutr Biochem 22:334–343. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.02.012 20688499 · DOI
  169. [179]Jang C, Hui S, Lu W, Cowan AJ, Morscher RJ, Lee G, Liu W, Tesz GJ, Birnbaum MJ, Rabinowitz JD (2018) The small intestine converts dietary fructose into glucose and organic acids. Cell Metab 27(351-361):e353. 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.016 PMC6032988 29414685 · DOI · Paper page
  170. [180]Jeppesen PB, Hartmann B, Thulesen J, Graff J, Lohmann J, Hansen BS, Tofteng F, Poulsen SS, Madsen JL, Holst JJ, Mortensen PB (2001) Glucagon-like peptide 2 improves nutrient absorption and nutritional status in short-bowel patients with no colon. Gastroenterology 120:806–815. 10.1053/gast.2001.22555 11231933 · DOI
  171. [181]Johnson LR Copeland EM Dudrick SJ Lichtenberger LM Castro GA Structural and hormonal alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of parenterally fed rats Gastroenterology 1975 68 1177 1183 805078
  172. [182]Johnson JH Newgard CB Milburn JL Lodish HF Thorens B The high km glucose transporter of islets of Langerhans is functionally similar to the low affinity transporter of liver and has an identical primary sequence J Biol Chem 1990 265 6548 6551 2182619
  173. [183]Jurowich CF, Rikkala PR, Thalheimer A, Wichelmann C, Seyfried F, Sander V, Kreissl M, Germer CT, Koepsell H, Otto C (2013) Duodenal-jejunal bypass improves glycemia and decreases SGLT1-mediated glucose absorption in rats with streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabetes. Ann Surg. 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182890311 23478528 · DOI
  174. [184]Jurowich CF, Otto C, Rikkala PR, Wagner N, Vrhovac I, Sabolic I, Germer CT, Koepsell H (2015) Ileal interposition in rats with experimental type 2 like diabetes improves glycemic control independently of glucose absorption. J Diabetes Res 2015:490365. 10.1155/2015/490365 PMC4491588 26185767 · DOI
  175. [185]Kanerva K, Makitie LT, Back N, Andersson LC (2010) Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 2 regulates intracellular vesicle trafficking. Exp Cell Res 316:1896–1906. 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.021 20188728 · DOI
  176. [186]Kang HW, Lim WC, Lee JK, Ho JN, Lim EJ, Cho HY (2017) Germinated waxy black rice ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull 40:1846–1855. 10.1248/bpb.b17-00239 29093331 · DOI
  177. [187]Kasahara M, Maeda M, Hayashi S, Mori Y, Abe T (2001) A missense mutation in the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter gene SGLT1 in a patient with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption: normal trafficking but inactivation of the mutant protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1536:141–147. 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00043-6 11406349 · DOI
  178. [188]Kayano T Burant CF Fukomoto H Gould GW Fan Y Eddy RL Byers MG Shows TB Seino S Bell GI Human facilitative glucose transporters isolation, functional characterization, and gene localization of cDNAs encoding an isoform (GLUT5) expressed in small intestine, kidney, muscle and adipose tissue and an unususl glucose transporter pseudogene-like sequence (GLUT6) J Biol Chem 1990 265 13276 13282 1695905
  179. [189]Kellett GL (2001) The facilitated component of intestinal glucose absorption. J Physiol 531:585–595. 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0585h.x PMC2278489 11251042 · DOI
  180. [190]Kellett GL, Brot-Laroche E (2005) Apical GLUT2: a major pathway of intestinal sugar absorption. Diabetes 54:3056–3062. 10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3056 16186415 · DOI
  181. [191]Kellett GL, Helliwell PA (2000) The diffusive component of intestinal glucose absorption is mediated by the glucose-induced recruitment of GLUT2 to the brush-border membrane. Biochem J 350:155–162. 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155518 PMC1221237 10926839 · DOI
  182. [192]Kellett GL Brot-Laroche E Mace OJ Leturque A Sugar absorption in the intestine: the role of GLUT2 Annu Rev Nutr 2008 28 35 54 18393659
  183. [193]Kieffer TJ, Buchan AM, Barker H, Brown JC, Pederson RA (1994) Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide from cultured canine endocrine cells. Am J Phys 267:E489–E496. 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.4.E489 7943296 · DOI
  184. [194]Kim JW, Ahn YH (1998) CCAAT/enhancer binding protein regulates the promoter activity of the rat GLUT2 glucose transporter gene in liver cells. Biochem J 336(Pt 1):83–90. 10.1042/bj3360083 PMC1219845 9806888 · DOI
  185. [195]Kim H-R, Park S-W, Cho H-J, Chae K-A, Sung J-M, Kim J-S, Landowski CP, Sun D, Abd El-Aty AM, Amidon GL, Shin H-C (2007) Comparative gene expression profiles of intestinal transporters in mice, rats and humans. Pharmacol Res 56:224–236. 10.1042/bj3360083 17681807 · DOI
  186. [197]Kim M, Astapova II, Flier SN, Hannou SA, Doridot L, Sargsyan A, Kou HH, Fowler AJ, Liang G, Herman MA (2017) Intestinal, but not hepatic, ChREBP is required for fructose tolerance. JCI Insight 2. 10.1172/jci.insight.96703 PMC5752301 29263303 · DOI
  187. [198]Kipp H, Khoursandi S, Scharlau D, Kinne RKH (2003) More than apical: distribution of SGLT1 in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285:C737–C749. 10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2003 12773314 · DOI
  188. [199]Kishi K, Tanaka T, Igawa M, Takase S, Goda T (1999) Sucrase-isomaltase and hexose transporter gene expressions are coordinately enhanced by dietary fructose in rat jejunum. J Nutr 129:953–956. 10.1093/jn/129.5.953 10222385 · DOI
  189. [200]Koepsell H (2017) The Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 are targets for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 170:148–165. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.017 27773781 · DOI
  190. [201]Koffert JP, Mikkola K, Virtanen KA, Andersson AD, Faxius L, Hallsten K, Heglind M, Guiducci L, Pham T, Silvola JMU, Virta J, Eriksson O, Kauhanen SP, Saraste A, Enerback S, Iozzo P, Parkkola R, Gomez MF, Nuutila P (2017) Metformin treatment significantly enhances intestinal glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 131:208–216. 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.015 28778047 · DOI
  191. [202]Kohli R, Kirby M, Setchell KD, Jha P, Klustaitis K, Woollett LA, Pfluger PT, Balistreri WF, Tso P, Jandacek RJ, Woods SC, Heubi JE, Tschoep MH, D'Alessio DA, Shroyer NF, Seeley RJ (2010) Intestinal adaptation after ileal interposition surgery increases bile acid recycling and protects against obesity-related comorbidities. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 299:G652–G660. 10.1152/ajpgi.00221.2010 PMC2950688 20595624 · DOI
  192. [203]Kojima T, Nishimura M, Yajima T, Kuwata T, Suzuki Y, Goda T, Takase S, Harada E (1999) Developmental changes in the regional Na+/glucose transporter mRNA along the small intestine of suckling rats. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 122:89–95. 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10159-1 10327598 · DOI
  193. [204]Koopmans HS, Sclafani A, Fichtner C, Aravich PF (1982) The effects of ileal transposition on food intake and body weight loss in VMH-obese rats. Am J Clin Nutr 35:284–293. 10.1093/ajcn/35.2.284 7064889 · DOI
  194. [205]Korn T, Kuhlkamp T, Track C, Schatz I, Baumgarten K, Gorboulev V, Koepsell H (2001) The plasma membrane-associated protein RS1 decreases transcription of the transporter SGLT1 in confluent LLC-PK1 cells. J Biol Chem 276:45330–45340. 10.1074/jbc.M105975200 11562363 · DOI
  195. [206]Korner J, Bessler M, Cirilo LJ, Conwell IM, Daud A, Restuccia NL, Wardlaw SL (2005) Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma ghrelin, peptide YY, and insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:359–365. 10.1210/jc.2004-1076 15483088 · DOI · Paper page
  196. [207]Kotler DP, Levine GM, Shiau YF (1981) Effects of luminal nutrition and metabolic status on in vivo glucose absorption. Am J Phys 240:G432–G436. 10.1152/ajpgi.1981.240.6.G432 6787933 · DOI
  197. [208]Kottra G, Daniel H (2007) Flavonoid glycosides are not transported by the human Na+/glucose transporter when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but effectively inhibit electrogenic glucose uptake. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 322:829–835. 10.1124/jpet.107.124040 17495124 · DOI
  198. [209]Kovalenko PL, Basson MD (2012) Changes in morphology and function in small intestinal mucosa after Roux-en-Y surgery in a rat model. J Surg Res 177:63–69. 10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.011 PMC3837583 22487386 · DOI
  199. [210]Krieger JP, Arnold M, Pettersen KG, Lossel P, Langhans W, Lee SJ (2016) Knockdown of GLP-1 receptors in vagal afferents affects normal food intake and glycemia. Diabetes 65:34–43. 10.2337/db15-0973 26470787 · DOI · Paper page
  200. [211]Krimi RB, Letteron P, Chedid P, Nazaret C, Ducroc R, Marie JC (2009) Resistin-like molecule-beta inhibits SGLT-1 activity and enhances GLUT2-dependent jejunal glucose transport. Diabetes 58:2032–2038. 10.2337/db08-1786 PMC2731541 19502416 · DOI

200 of 418 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Koepsell, H.
Affiliations
University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author
Koepsell, Hermann
ORCID
Koepsell, Hermann
Venue
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-08-23
Volume
472
Issue
9
Pages
1207-1248
ISSN
  • 0031-6768 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-2013
DOI
10.1007/s00424-020-02439-5
PMC
PMC7462918
OpenAlex
W3081351755
Cited by
290
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 6
FWCI
3.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
Keywords
glucose transporters, SGLT1, GLUT2, GLUT5, small intestine, monosaccharide absorption, brush border membrane, basolateral membrane, glucose-galactose malabsorption, Fanconi syndrome, fructose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, small bowel inflammation, bariatric surgery, metformin, SGLT1 inhibitors, diurnal variation, fructose metabolism
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Intestinal Diseases, Intestine, Small, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review