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A prospective study of prepregnancy dietary fat intake and risk of gestational diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Background Fatty acids play a vital role in glucose homeostasis; however, studies on habitual dietary fat intakes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk are limited and provide conflicting findings. Objective We determined whether the total amount and the type and source of prepregnancy dietary fats are related to risk of GDM. Design A prospective study was conducted in 13,475 women who reported a singleton pregnancy between 1991 and 2001 in the Nurses' Health Study II. In these women, 860 incident GDM cases were reported. The adjusted RR of GDM was estimated for quintiles of total fat, specific fat, and the source of fat intakes by pooled logistic regression. Results Higher animal fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly associated with increased GDM risk. Across increasing quintiles of animal fat, RRs (95% CIs) for GDM were 1.00 (reference), 1.55 (1.20, 1.98), 1.43 (1.09, 1.88), 1.40 (1.04, 1.89), and 1.88 (1.36, 2.60) (P-trend = 0.05). Corresponding RRs (95% CIs) for dietary cholesterol were 1.00 (reference), 1.08 (0.84, 1.32), 1.02 (0.78, 1.29), 1.20 (0.93, 1.55), and 1.45 (1.11, 1.89) (P-trend = 0.04). The substitution of 5% of energy from animal fat for an equal percentage of energy from carbohydrates was associated with significantly increased risk of GDM [RR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.08, 1.18); P < 0.0001]. No significant associations were observed between dietary polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, or trans fat intakes and GDM risk. Conclusion Higher prepregnancy intakes of animal fat and cholesterol were associated with elevated GDM risk.
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“Diets that are high in saturated fats, refined sugars, and red and processed meats are consistently associated with an increased risk of GDM [36,37]”
From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Plows, J. F., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., Reynolds, C. M., & Vickers, M. H. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19113342 · Cited by 1,874
“Diets that are high in saturated fats, refined sugars, and red and processed meats are consistently associated with an increased risk of GDM [36,37], while diets high in fiber, micronutrients, and polyunsaturated fats are consistently associated with a reduced risk of GDM [38–40].”
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Parrettini, S., Caroli, A., & Torlone, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.611929 · Cited by 340
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowers, K., Tobias, D. K., Yeung, E., Hu, F. B., & Zhang, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Cuilin
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 446-453
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3260071
- OpenAlex
- W2137633909
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA50385, R01CA050385)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, animal fats, dietary cholesterol, fat sources, glucose homeostasis, dietary substitution, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, Nurses' Health Study II
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Cholesterol, Dietary, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Meat, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Diabetes, Gestational
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