A prospective study of dietary patterns, meat intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to prospectively examine whether dietary patterns are related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This prospective cohort study included 13,110 women who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes and history of GDM. Subjects completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1991, and reported at least one singleton pregnancy between 1992 and 1998 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Two major dietary patterns (i.e. 'prudent' and 'Western') were identified through factor analysis. The prudent pattern was characterised by a high intake of fruit, green leafy vegetables, poultry and fish, whereas the Western pattern was characterised by high intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grain products, sweets, French fries and pizza. Results We documented 758 incident cases of GDM. After adjustment for age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates, the relative risk (RR) of GDM, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of the Western pattern scores, was 1.63 (95% CI 1.20-2.21; p (trend)=0.001), whereas the RR comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of the prudent pattern scores was 1.39 (95% CI 1.08-1.80; p (trend)=0.018). The RR for each increment of one serving/day was 1.61 (95% CI 1.25-2.07) for red meat and 1.64 (95% CI 1.13-2.38) for processed meat. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that pre-pregnancy dietary patterns may affect women's risk of developing GDM. A diet high in red and processed meat was associated with a significantly elevated risk.
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Diets high in saturated fats, refined sugars, and red and processed meats are associated with an increased risk of GDM.
“Diets that are high in saturated fats, refined sugars, and red and processed meats are consistently associated with an increased risk of GDM [36,37]”
From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Zhang, C., Schulze, M. B., Solomon, C. G., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, C.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2006-09-07
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2604-2613
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2037926707
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA50385, R01CA050385)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, dietary habits, prudent diet, Western diet, red meat consumption, processed meat intake, pre-pregnancy diet, pregnancy, Nurses' Health Study II
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Cooking, Diet, Female, Humans, Meat, Parity, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Diabetes, Gestational, Glycemic Index
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