Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes

Risérus, Ulf; Willett, Walter C.; Hu, Frank B.

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2008.10.002

Cited by 753Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes

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Risérus, Ulf, Willett, Walter C., Hu, Frank B.·2009·Progress in Lipid Research

DOI 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.10.002PMC PMC2654180

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Abstract

Although type 2 diabetes is determined primarily by lifestyle and genes, dietary composition may affect both its development and complications. Dietary fat is of particular interest because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signaling, and gene expression. This paper focuses on the prevention of type 2 diabetes and summarizes the epidemiologic literature on associations between types of dietary fat and diabetes risk. It also summarizes controlled feeding studies on the effects of dietary fats on metabolic mediators, such as insulin resistance. Taken together, the evidence suggests that replacing saturated fats and trans fatty acids with unsaturated (polyunsaturated and/or monounsaturated) fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and is likely to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes. Among polyunsaturated fats, linoleic acid from the n-6 series improves insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, long-chain n-3 fatty acids do not appear to improve insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism. In dietary practice, foods rich in vegetable oils, including non-hydrogenated margarines, nuts, and seeds, should replace foods rich in saturated fats from meats and fat-rich dairy products. Consumption of partially hydrogenated fats should be minimized. Additional controlled, long-term studies are needed to improve our knowledge on the optimal proportion of different types of fats to prevent diabetes.

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The increased unsaturated fat load of the MedDiets was probably instrumental in achieving diabetes risk reduction.
“As suggested by the known associations among subtypes of dietary fat and diabetes risk ( 17 ), the increased unsaturated fat load of our MedDiets was probably instrumental in achieving diabetes risk reduction.”
From Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet (2011) · cites this paper as [17]
Some, but not all, randomized controlled trials found that monounsaturated fatty acid intake improved insulin resistance.
“Consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids has been shown to favorably affect levels of blood lipids and lipoproteins,139 improved insulin resistance in some but not other RCTs,146–148 and was related to lower CVD risk (when consumed from vegetable oils) in ecological studies.149”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [147]

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Authors: Risérus, U., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B.
Affiliations: Uppsala University (SE)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Risérus, Ulf
ORCID: Risérus, Ulf
Willett, Walter C.
Hu, Frank B.
Venue: Progress in Lipid Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-01
Volume: 48
Issue: 1
Pages: 44-51
ISSN: 0163-7827 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.10.002
PMC: PMC2654180
OpenAlex: W2137639053
Cited by: 753
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 52
FWCI: 2.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Lipid Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (7r01dk048845-07)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-48845, R01DK058845, P30DK040561)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: type 2 diabetes prevention, dietary fat, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, vegetable oils, margarine, nuts and seeds, partially hydrogenated fats, fat replacement
MeSH terms: Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Humans, Insulin Resistance

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Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes

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