The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men
Open accessAbstract
Background Short sleep duration is correlated with an increased risk of developing obesity and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown.Objective We aimed to test the hypothesis that acute sleep loss decreases physical activity while increasing food intake, thereby shifting 2 crucial behavioral components of energy homeostasis toward weight gain.Design In 15 healthy, normal-weight men, spontaneous physical activity was registered by accelerometry during the entire experiment, and food intake as well as relevant hormones were assessed during a 15-h daytime period after 2 nights of regular sleep (bed time: 2245-0700) and after 2 nights of restricted sleep (bed time: 0245-0700). Experiments were performed in a crossover design.Results Sleep restriction significantly decreased physical activity during the daytime spent under free-living conditions after the first night of sleep manipulation (P = 0.008). Also, intensities of physical activity were shifted toward lower levels, with less time spent with intense activities (P = 0.046). Total energy intake, feelings of hunger, and appetite as well as ghrelin and leptin concentrations during day 2 remained unaffected by acute sleep restriction.Conclusions In contrast to our expectation, short-term sleep loss neither increased food intake nor affected concentrations of the hunger-regulating hormones leptin and ghrelin. However, the observed decrease in daytime physical activity may point to another potentially important behavioral mechanism for the health-impairing influence of sleep loss.
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“leptin was unaffected [30], [32], [66] or elevated [20], [29], [31].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“In general, studies reported increases in 24-hour energy intake when participants underwent sleep restriction relative to habitual sleep (Table 1), with the degree of overeating ranging from ≈180 to 559 kcal/d.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Although data are mixed and somewhat inconclusive in terms of the impact of sleep restriction on energy expenditure, the net result seems to be positive energy balance, with studies showing a strong impact of sleep restriction on increased food intake, particularly from fat and snacks,60,62,64 at least in the short term.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Again, this unlimited availability of palatable food resulted in overeating (+60% regardless of the bedtime condition) and may have masked the impact of sleep loss on food consumption [146].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“As leptin levels are enhanced by food intake and correlate with the degree of obesity [25], these latter results may be the expected consequence of the positive energy balance achieved by increased food intake [11, 116, 146] and weight gain [11, 116].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“The four studies that provided ad libitum food access prior to or during leptin assessments found unchanged or increased leptin levels after sleep restriction [11, 116, 146, 154].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“While ghrelin and leptin levels remain unchanged in some studies [46, 47, 49, 50], a few others have shown significant changes after sleep deprivation.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“In 15 healthy men spontaneous physical activity was recorded by accelerometer during a 15-h daytime period after 2 nights of restricted bedtime (4.5 hours in bed per night) [49]. Sleep deprivation significantly decreased physical activity (p=0.008) and also shifted the physical activity towards lower intensity activity (p<0.05) without any changes in energy intake.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schmid, S. M., Hallschmid, M., Jauch-Chara, K., Wilms, B., Benedict, C., Lehnert, H., Born, J., & Schultes, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Schmid, Sebastian M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1476-1482
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116971859
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 28.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 126)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- short sleep duration, physical activity, dietary intake, energy homeostasis, hunger, appetite, ghrelin, leptin, obesity risk, free-living conditions, accelerometry
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite, Eating, Humans, Hunger, Male, Motor Activity, Satiety Response, Sleep, Cross-Over Studies, Leptin, Ghrelin
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