CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 400Sleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disordersRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men

Open access
Schmid, Sebastian M, Hallschmid, Manfred, Jauch-Chara, Kamila, Wilms, Britta, Benedict, Christian, Lehnert, Hendrik, Born, Jan, Schultes, Bernd·2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27984
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Short sleep duration is correlated with an increased risk of developing obesity and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown.Objective We aimed to test the hypothesis that acute sleep loss decreases physical activity while increasing food intake, thereby shifting 2 crucial behavioral components of energy homeostasis toward weight gain.Design In 15 healthy, normal-weight men, spontaneous physical activity was registered by accelerometry during the entire experiment, and food intake as well as relevant hormones were assessed during a 15-h daytime period after 2 nights of regular sleep (bed time: 2245-0700) and after 2 nights of restricted sleep (bed time: 0245-0700). Experiments were performed in a crossover design.Results Sleep restriction significantly decreased physical activity during the daytime spent under free-living conditions after the first night of sleep manipulation (P = 0.008). Also, intensities of physical activity were shifted toward lower levels, with less time spent with intense activities (P = 0.046). Total energy intake, feelings of hunger, and appetite as well as ghrelin and leptin concentrations during day 2 remained unaffected by acute sleep restriction.Conclusions In contrast to our expectation, short-term sleep loss neither increased food intake nor affected concentrations of the hunger-regulating hormones leptin and ghrelin. However, the observed decrease in daytime physical activity may point to another potentially important behavioral mechanism for the health-impairing influence of sleep loss.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27984

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • More recent investigations found leptin unaffected or elevated.

    “leptin was unaffected [30], [32], [66] or elevated [20], [29], [31].”

    From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [30]

  • Sleep restriction generally increases 24-hour energy intake relative to habitual sleep, with overeating ranging from about 180 to 559 kcal per day.

    “In general, studies reported increases in 24-hour energy intake when participants underwent sleep restriction relative to habitual sleep (Table 1), with the degree of overeating ranging from ≈180 to 559 kcal/d.”

    From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [64]

  • The net result of sleep restriction seems to be positive energy balance, with studies showing a strong impact on increased food intake, particularly from fat and snacks, at least in the short term.

    “Although data are mixed and somewhat inconclusive in terms of the impact of sleep restriction on energy expenditure, the net result seems to be positive energy balance, with studies showing a strong impact of sleep restriction on increased food intake, particularly from fat and snacks,60,62,64 at least in the short term.”

    From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [64]

  • The sole study finding no change in caloric intake after sleep loss provided highly palatable food ad libitum 1 h after awakening; overeating of 60% regardless of condition may have masked the effect of sleep loss on food consumption.

    “Again, this unlimited availability of palatable food resulted in overeating (+60% regardless of the bedtime condition) and may have masked the impact of sleep loss on food consumption [146].”

    From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [146]

  • Because leptin is increased by food intake and correlates with obesity, the unchanged or increased leptin levels may be the expected consequence of the positive energy balance from greater food intake and weight gain.

    “As leptin levels are enhanced by food intake and correlate with the degree of obesity [25], these latter results may be the expected consequence of the positive energy balance achieved by increased food intake [11, 116, 146] and weight gain [11, 116].”

    From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [146]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Schmid, S. M., Hallschmid, M., Jauch-Chara, K., Wilms, B., Benedict, C., Lehnert, H., Born, J., & Schultes, B.
Affiliations
  • University of Lübeck (DE)
  • Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Schmid, Sebastian M
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-12
Volume
90
Issue
6
Pages
1476-1482
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3945/ajcn.2009.27984
OpenAlex
W2116971859
Cited by
400
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 30
FWCI
28.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 126)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
short sleep duration, physical activity, dietary intake, energy homeostasis, hunger, appetite, ghrelin, leptin, obesity risk, free-living conditions, accelerometry
MeSH terms
Adult, Appetite, Eating, Humans, Hunger, Male, Motor Activity, Satiety Response, Sleep, Cross-Over Studies, Leptin, Ghrelin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review