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Cited by 196Regulation of Appetite and ObesitySleep and related disordersSleep and Wakefulness Research

Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Caloric Intake and Activity Energy Expenditure

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Calvin, Andrew D., Carter, Rickey E., Adachi, Taro, Macedo, Paula G., Albuquerque, Felipe N., van der Walt, Christelle, Bukartyk, Jan, Davison, Diane E. +2 more·2013·Chest
DOI 10.1378/chest.12-2829PMC PMC3707179
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Abstract

Background Epidemiologic studies link short sleep duration to obesity and weight gain. Insufficient sleep appears to alter circulating levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which may promote appetite, although the effects of sleep restriction on caloric intake and energy expenditure are unclear. We sought to determine the effect of 8 days/8 nights of sleep restriction on caloric intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin.Methods We conducted a randomized study of usual sleep vs a sleep restriction of two-thirds of normal sleep time for 8 days/8 nights in a hospital-based clinical research unit. The main outcomes were caloric intake, activity energy expenditure, and circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin.Results Caloric intake in the sleep-restricted group increased by +559 kcal/d (SD, 706 kcal/d, P=.006) and decreased in the control group by -118 kcal/d (SD, 386 kcal/d, P=.51) for a net change of +677 kcal/d (95% CI, 148-1,206 kcal/d; P=.014). Sleep restriction was not associated with changes in activity energy expenditure (P=.62). No change was seen in levels of leptin (P=.27) or ghrelin (P=.21).Conclusions Sleep restriction was associated with an increase in caloric consumption with no change in activity energy expenditure or leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Increased caloric intake without any accompanying increase in energy expenditure may contribute to obesity in people who are exposed to long-term sleep restriction.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01334788; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

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  • Sleep restriction generally increases 24-hour energy intake relative to habitual sleep, with overeating ranging from about 180 to 559 kcal per day.

    “In general, studies reported increases in 24-hour energy intake when participants underwent sleep restriction relative to habitual sleep (Table 1), with the degree of overeating ranging from ≈180 to 559 kcal/d.”

    From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [56]

  • The effects of sleep restriction on leptin levels in subsequent studies have been mixed, with some studies reporting an increase and others reporting no significant difference after sleep restriction.

    “The effects of sleep restriction on leptin levels in subsequent studies have been mixed, with some studies reporting an increase in leptin [25, 41–45] while others reported no significant difference [33, 46–51] after sleep restriction.”

    From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [47]

  • Participants restricted to two-thirds of their habitual sleep time for 8 days had caloric intake increased by 677 kcal/d (p=0.014) in the sleep deprived state.

    “In another study, participants were restricted to two-thirds of their habitual sleep time for 8 days and their caloric consumption was measured [47]. The wake time for all participants was constant and ad libitum food intake was allowed. Under these conditions, caloric intake increased by 677 kcal/d (p=0.014) in the sleep deprived state.”

    From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [47]

  • While ghrelin and leptin levels remain unchanged in some studies, a few others have shown significant changes after sleep deprivation.

    “While ghrelin and leptin levels remain unchanged in some studies [46, 47, 49, 50], a few others have shown significant changes after sleep deprivation.”

    From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [47]

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Authors
Calvin, A. D., Carter, R. E., Adachi, T., Macedo, P. G., Albuquerque, F. N., van der Walt, C., Bukartyk, J., Davison, D. E., Levine, J. A., & Somers, V. K.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • SHOWA Medical University (JP)
  • Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Somers, Virend K.
ORCID
Venue
Chest
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-07
Volume
144
Issue
1
Pages
79-86
ISSN
0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1378/chest.12-2829
PMC
PMC3707179
OpenAlex
W2074578094
Cited by
196
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 8
FWCI
13.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1 RR024150)
  • Mayo Clinic
  • Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (NS 10098-4/2008)
  • European Regional Development Fund
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (096071)
  • National Institutes of Health (HL114024, HL114676, HL65176, HL96071)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
sleep restriction, energy intake, energy expenditure, leptin, ghrelin, appetite, obesity, short sleep duration, weight gain
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Patient Compliance, Sleep Deprivation, Treatment Outcome, Leptin, Ghrelin, Young Adult

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