Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin B-12 is essential for brain development, neural myelination, and cognitive function. Inadequate vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy and early childhood has been associated with adverse child health outcomes, including impaired cognitive development. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. This review was conducted to examine the evidence that links vitamin B-12 and cognition in children. The search strategy resulted in 17 studies: 3 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 12 cohort studies, and 1 randomized trial. Cognitive processes assessed included attention, memory, and perception. Developmental outcomes, academic performance, and intelligence quotient were also considered. Despite the high prevalence of vitamin B-12 insufficiency and associated risk of adverse cognitive outcomes in children, to our knowledge, no studies to date have been conducted to examine the effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation on cognition in children. The role of vitamin B-12 in the etiology of child cognitive outcomes needs to be elucidated to inform public health interventions.
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Lower biochemical vitamin B12 status in children and adolescents is associated with impaired school performance, mental and social development, and short-term memory and attention.
“Cross-sectional studies in older children or adolescents most often found that lower biochemical vitamin B12 status was associated with impaired school performance and mental and social development, as well as short-term memory and attention [164].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [164]
Higher maternal vitamin B12 status and/or intake during pregnancy is associated with improved cognitive measures in children.
“Higher maternal vitamin B12 status and/or higher vitamin B12 intakes during pregnancy have been prospectively associated with improved measures of cognition in 330 children later in life.”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [164]
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- Authors
- Venkatramanan, S., Armata, I. E., Strupp, B. J., & Finkelstein, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- St. John's Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Finkelstein, Julia L
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 879-888
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC5015033
- OpenAlex
- W2519961203
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- vitamin B12, cognitive development, children, attention, memory, academic performance, intelligence quotient, prenatal nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Child, Child Development, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Memory, Nutritional Status, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency, Dietary Supplements
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