The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defining GM-CSF– and Macrophage-CSF–Dependent Macrophage Responses by In Vitro Models
Abstract
GM-CSF and M-CSF (CSF-1) induce different phenotypic changes in macrophage lineage populations. The nature, extent, and generality of these differences were assessed by comparing the responses to these CSFs, either alone or in combination, in various human and murine macrophage lineage populations. The differences between the respective global gene expression profiles of macrophages, derived from human monocytes by GM-CSF or M-CSF, were compared with the differences between the respective profiles for macrophages, derived from murine bone marrow cells by each CSF. Only 17% of genes regulated differently by these CSFs were common across the species. Whether a particular change in relative gene expression is by direct action of a CSF can be confounded by endogenous mediators, such as type I IFN, IL-10, and activin A. Time-dependent differences in cytokine gene expression were noted in human monocytes treated with the CSFs; in this system, GM-CSF induced a more dramatic expression of IFN-regulated factor 4 (IRF4) than of IRF5, whereas M-CSF induced IRF5 but not IRF4. In the presence of both CSFs, some evidence of “competition” at the level of gene expression was observed. Care needs to be exercised when drawing definitive conclusions from a particular in vitro system about the roles of GM-CSF and M-CSF in macrophage lineage biology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology
Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J. M., Davis, A. P., Dolinski, K., Dwight, S. S., Eppig, J. T., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75556 · Cited by 43,206
Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
Mosser, D. M., & Edwards, J. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2448 · Cited by 9,144
MANTOVANI, A., SOZZANI, S., LOCATI, M., ALLAVENA, P., & SICA, A. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02302-5 · Cited by 5,528
Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity
Hamilton, J. A. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2356 · Cited by 1,305
Self-citationMacrophage Polarization Comes of Age
Mantovani, Sica, & Locati, M. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.001 · Cited by 1,259
Trophic macrophages in development and disease
Pollard, J. W. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2528 · Cited by 1,178
Satoh, T., Takeuchi, O., Vandenbon, A., Yasuda, K., Tanaka, Y., Kumagai, Y., Miyake, T., Matsushita, K., Okazaki, T., Saitoh, T., et al. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1920 · Cited by 1,156
Colony-stimulating factor-1 in immunity and inflammation
Chitu, V., & Stanley, E. R. (2006) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.006 · Cited by 635
Menetrier-Caux, C., Montmain, G., Dieu, M. C., Bain, C., Favrot, M. C., Caux, C., & Blay, J. Y. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v92.12.4778 · Cited by 590
Thomas, J. A., Pope, C., Wojtacha, D., Robson, A. J., Gordon-Walker, T. T., Hartland, S., Ramachandran, P., Van Deemter, M., Hume, D. A., Iredale, J. P., et al. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24315 · Cited by 346
Cited by
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment
Martinez, F. O., & Gordon, S. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-13 · Cited by 4,689
Murray, P. J. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034339 · Cited by 2,981
Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling
Mantovani, A., Biswas, S. K., Galdiero, M. R., Sica, A., & Locati, M. (2013) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4133 · Cited by 2,384
Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134
Tarique, A. A., Logan, J., Thomas, E., Holt, P. G., Sly, P. D., & Fantino, E. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2015-0012oc · Cited by 587
Metadata
- Authors
- Lacey, D. C., Achuthan, A., Fleetwood, A. J., Dinh, H., Roiniotis, J., Scholz, G. M., Chang, M. W., Beckman, S. K., Cook, A. D., & Hamilton, J. A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-06-01
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5752-5765
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2098966232
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 14.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Defining GM-CSF– and Macrophage-CSF–Dependent Macrophage Responses by In Vitro Models. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.1103426
- The paper
- Lacey, D. C., Achuthan, A., Fleetwood, A. J., Dinh, H., Roiniotis, J., Scholz, G. M., Chang, M. W., Beckman, S. K., Cook, A. D., & Hamilton, J. A. (2012). Defining GM-CSF– and Macrophage-CSF–Dependent Macrophage Responses by In Vitro Models. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1103426
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
