Cited by 185Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentSchizophrenia research and treatmentDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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The Level of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Bipolar Disorder Equals That of Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study

Birkenaes, Astrid B., Opjordsmoen, Stein, Brunborg, Cathrine, Engh, John A., Jonsdottir, Halldora, Ringen, P. Andreas, Simonsen, Carmen, Vaskinn, Anja, Birkeland, Kåre I., Friis, Svein, Sundet, Kjetil, Andreassen, Ole A.·2007·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

DOI 10.4088/jcp.v68n0614

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In schizophrenia, increased rates of somatic mortality have been shown to correspond with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking and the metabolic syndrome. In bipolar disorder, the amount of cardiovascular risk is still largely unknown. This study compares the prevalence of smoking and metabolic disturbances in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in a representative sample of patients under naturalistic conditions. It also compares the prevalence of risk factors in each diagnostic group with the general population. METHOD: Longitudinal data on clinical groups from October 2002 through December 2005 were from the Oslo TOP Study (DSM-IV bipolar disorder [N = 110] and schizophrenia [N = 163]). Reference data were from the 2000 to 2001 Oslo Health Study (18,770 individuals of the same area). Background variables, prevalence of smoking, and age-adjusted levels of metabolic risk factors were compared between diagnostic groups. Risk factors in both groups were then compared with the general population. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar disorder had higher levels of education, better social functioning, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and less use of medication than patients with schizophrenia. There was no significant difference between diagnostic groups in the prevalence of smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes. The mean level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in schizophrenia (p < .001), and systolic blood pressure was higher in bipolar disorder (p < .05). Both diagnostic groups had a prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors about twice that of the general population. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was alarmingly high for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients compared with the general population, and the prevalence was approximately the same in both diagnostic groups.

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Self-citation

Authors: Birkenaes, A. B., Opjordsmoen, S., Brunborg, C., Engh, J. A., Jonsdottir, H., Ringen, P. A., Simonsen, C., Vaskinn, A., Birkeland, K. I., Friis, S., Sundet, K., & Andreassen, O. A.
Affiliations: Oslo University Hospital (NO)
ORCID: Brunborg, Cathrine
Ringen, P. Andreas
Simonsen, Carmen
Vaskinn, Anja
Birkeland, Kåre I.
Friis, Svein
Sundet, Kjetil
Andreassen, Ole A.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher: Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published: 2007-06-15
Volume: 68
Issue: 06
Pages: 917-923
ISSN: 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v68n0614
OpenAlex: W2055786778
Cited by: 185
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 10.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure
MeSH terms: Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Smoking, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome

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The Level of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Bipolar Disorder Equals That of Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study

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