Stigma and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia attending a general hospital psychiatric unit
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Very few studies from India have studied stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study stigma in patients with schizophrenia (in the form of internalized stigma, perceived stigma and social-participation-restriction stigma) and its relationship with specified demographic and clinical variables (demographic variables, clinical profile, level of psychopathology, knowledge about illness, and insight). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selected by purposive random sampling, 100 patients with schizophrenia in remission were evaluated on internalized stigma of mental illness scale (ISMIS), explanatory model interview catalog stigma scale, participation scale (P-scale), positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia, global assessment of functioning scale, scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder, and knowledge of mental illness scale. RESULTS: On ISMIS scale, 81% patients experienced alienation and 45% exhibited stigma resistance. Stereotype endorsement was seen in 26% patients, discrimination experience was faced by 21% patients, and only 16% patients had social withdrawal. Overall, 29% participants had internalized stigma when total ISMIS score was taken into consideration. On P-scale, 67% patients experienced significant restriction, with a majority reporting moderate to mild restriction. In terms of associations between stigma and sociodemographic variables, no consistent correlations emerged, except for those who were not on paid job, had higher participation restriction. Of the clinical variables, level of functioning was the only consistent predictor of stigma. While better knowledge about the disorder was associated with lower level of stigma, there was no association between stigma and insight. CONCLUSION: Significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia experience stigma and stigma is associated with lower level of functioning and better knowledge about illness is associated with lower level of stigma.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some studies found a direct link between insight and stigma, while others failed to replicate it.
“Other studies have also found a direct link between insight and stigma 148 , though others have failed to replicate that 149 .”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [149]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378 · see citing works
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,251 · see citing works
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216 · see citing works
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,093 · see citing works
Remission in Schizophrenia: Proposed Criteria and Rationale for Consensus
Andreasen, N. C., Carpenter, W. T., Kane, J. M., Lasser, R. A., Marder, S. R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441 · Cited by 2,350 · see citing works
Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure
Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008 · Cited by 1,640 · see citing works
Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D., & Yanos, P. T. (2006) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl016 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients
Ritsher, J. B., & Phelan, J. C. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.08.003 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Brohan, E., Elgie, R., Sartorius, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.1065 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Gerlinger, G., Hauser, M., De Hert, M., Lacluyse, K., Wampers, M., & Correll, C. U. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20040 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
The Participation Scale: Measuring a key concept in public health
van Brakel, W. H., Anderson, A. M., Mutatkar, R., Bakirtzief, Z., NICHOLLS, P. G., Raju, M. S. V. K., & Das-Pattanayak, R. K. (2006) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280500192785 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC): Framework for Comparative Study of Illness
Weiss, M. G. (1997) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/136346159703400204 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness
Sartorius, N., & Schulze, H. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544255 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
How Stigmatising Is Schizophrenia in India?
THARA, R., & Srinivasan, T. N. (2000) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076400004600206 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Stigma Resistance in Patients With Schizophrenia
Sibitz, I., Unger, A., Woppmann, A., Zidek, T., & Amering, M. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp048 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., & Roe, D. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.03.013 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Perceived stigma and depression among caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder
PERLICK, D. A., Miklowitz, D. J., Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Kaczynski, R., Gonzalez, J. M., Manning, L. N., Wolff, N., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2007) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020826 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Assefa, D., Shibre, T., Asher, L., & Fekadu, A. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-239 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia
Lysaker, P. H., Tsai, J., Yanos, P. T., & Roe, D. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.035 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Lai, Y. M., Hong, C. P., & Chee, C. Y. I. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-stigma, self-esteem and age in persons with schizophrenia
Werner, P., Aviv, A., & Barak, Y. (2007) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610207005340 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Understanding stigma: Dimensions of deviance and coping
Elliott, G. C., Ziegler, H. L., Altman, B., & Scott, D. (1982) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.1982.9967590 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Schizophrenia and the Cultural Epidemiology of Stigma in Bangalore, India
Raguram, R., Raghu, T. M., Vounatsou, P., & Weiss, M. G. (2004) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000144692.24993.1b · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Mental Illness Stereotypes and Clinical Care: Do People Avoid Treatment Because of Stigma?
Corrigan, P. W., & Rüsch, N. (2002) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills · doi:10.1080/10973430208408441 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Experiences of stigma and discrimination endured by people suffering from schizophrenia
Loganathan, S., & Murthy, S. (2008) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.39758 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Stigmatization of severe mental illness in India: Against the simple industrialization hypothesis
Jadhav, S., Littlewood, R., Ryder, A. G., Chakraborty, A., Jain, S., & Barua, M. (2007) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.37320 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Park, S. G., Bennett, M. E., Couture, S. M., & Blanchard, J. J. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.040 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Living with schizophrenia in India: gender perspectives
Loganathan, S., & Murthy, R. S. (2011) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461511418872 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Charles, H. S., Manoranjitham, S. D., & Jacob, K. S. (2007) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764006074538 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-stigma, quality of life and schizophrenia: An outpatient clinic survey in Nigeria
Mosanya, T. J., Adelufosi, A. O., Adebowale, T. O., Ogunwale, A., & Adebayo, O. K. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764013491738 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hill, K., & Startup, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.056 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Schrank, B., Amering, M., Hay, A. G., Weber, M., & Sibitz, I. (2014) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796013000322 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Stevelink, S. A. M., van Brakel, W. H., & Augustine, V. (2011) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.555945 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Measuring leprosy-related stigma – a pilot study to validate a toolkit of instruments
Rensen, C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Pk, G., & van Brakel, W. H. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.506942 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Botha, U. A., Koen, L., & Niehaus, D. J. H. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0071-1 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Extent and predictors of stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia
Świtaj, P., Wciórka, J., Smolarska-Świtaj, J., & Grygiel, P. (2009) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.06.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Internalized stigma of mental illness in Tehran, Iran
Ghanean, H., Nojomi, M., & Jacobsson, L. H. (2011) · Stigma Research and Action · doi:10.5463/sra.v1i1.10 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Sarísoy, G., Kaçar, Ö. F., Pazvantoğlu, O., Korkmaz, I. Z., Öztürk, A., Akkaya, D., Yılmaz, S., Böke, Ö., & Şahin, A. R. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.02.002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Determinants that shape public attitudes towards the mentally ill
Veer, J. T. B. V. ’., Kraan, H. F., Drosseart, S. H. C., & Modde, J. M. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0015-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Insight into mental illness and self-stigma: The mediating role of shame proneness
Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Or, S. E.-B., Vahab, K., Amiaz, R., Weiser, M., & Roe, D. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.038 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Perceived social stigma, self-concept, and self-stigmatization of patient with schizophrenia
Karidi, M. V., Stefanis, C. N., Theleritis, C. G., Tzedaki, M., Rabavilas, A. D., & Stefanis, N. C. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.01.001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Global Fight against the Stigma of Schizophrenia
Kadri, N., & Sartorius, N. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020136 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Psychoeducation may Reduce Self-Stigma of People with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Uchino, T., Maeda, M., & Uchimura, N. (2012) · The Kurume Medical Journal · doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.59.25 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality
Aryal, S., Badhu, A., Pandey, S. R., Bhandari, A., Khatiwoda, P., Khatiwada, P., & Giri, A. (2012) · Kathmandu University Medical Journal · doi:10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Insight and its relationship with stigma in psychiatric patients
Alreja, S., Mishra, D., Sengar, K., & Singh, A. (2009) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/0972-6748.57858 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stigma as a predictor of insight in schizophrenia
Pruß, L., Wiedl, K. H., & Waldorf, M. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Public Attitudes Towards Mental Illness - The Vellore Study
Verghese, A., & Beig, A. (1974) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Origin and Impact of Stigma and Discrimination in Schizophrenia - Patients' Perception: Mumbai Study
Shrivastava, A., Psych, M. R. C., Johnston, M., Shrivastava, S., Sarkhel, G., Iyer, S., Shah, N., & Parkar, S. (2011) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
What do patients with psychotic and mood disorders know about their illness and medication?
Kotzé, C., King, M., & Joubert, P. (2008) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v14i3.164 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ramadan, E. S., & Dod, W. A. E. (2010) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [26]American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1994 4th ed Washington (DC) American Psychiatric Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dubreucq, J., Plasse, J., & Franck, N. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa181 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Kane, J. C., Elafros, M. A., Murray, S. M., Mitchell, E. M. H., Augustinavicius, J. L., Causevic, S., & Baral, S. D. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1250-8 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Lysaker, P. H., Pattison, M. L., Leonhardt, B. L., Phelps, S., & Vohs, J. L. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20508 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The impact of illness identity on recovery from severe mental illness: A review of the evidence
Yanos, P. T., DeLuca, J. S., Roe, D., & Lysaker, P. H. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112950 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Maharjan, S. B., & Panthee, B. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2344-8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Grover, S., Avasthi, A., Singh, A., Dan, A., Neogi, R., Kaur, D., Lakdawala, B. M., Rozatkar, A. R., Nebhinani, N., Patra, S., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.027 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sarraf, L., Lepage, M., & Sauvé, G. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Pellet, J., Golay, P., Nguyen, A., Suter, C., Ismailaj, A., Bonsack, C., & Favrod, J. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.022 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tesfaw, G., Kibru, B., & Ayano, G. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00348-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fond, G. B., Vidal, M., joseph, M., Etchecopar‐Etchart, D., Solmi, M., Yon, D. K., Correll, C. U., & Boyer, L. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02003-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Trollor, J. N., Foley, K., & Arnold, S. R. C. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2022.0066 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Garapati, P., Pal, B., Siddiqui, N. A., Bimal, S., Das, P. K., Murti, K., & Pandey, K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203407 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Labels used for persons with severe mental illness and their stigma experience in North India
Grover, S., Shouan, A., & Sahoo, S. (2019) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101909 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Religiosity among patients with schizophrenia
Davuluri, T., Grover, S., & Chakrabarti, S. (2017) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_17_17 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sum, M. Y., Wong, C. T. W., Chu, S. T., Li, A., Lee, A. H. T., Chen, E. Y. H., & Chan, S. K. W. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640231216924 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Malhotra, R., & Avasthi, A. (2018) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_113_17 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Saperia, S., Plahouras, J., Best, M. W., Kidd, S. A., Zakzanis, K. K., & Foussias, G. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724003325 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lagger, N. R., Amering, M., Sibitz, I., Gmeiner, A., & Schrank, B. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.010 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Internalized Stigma and Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients with Psoriasis
Grover, S., Mehra, A., Dogra, S., Hazari, N., Malhora, N., Narang, T. K., Sahoo, S., Sharma, S. K., Handa, S., & Avasthi, A. (2021) · Indian Dermatology Online Journal · doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_345_20 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Psychometric assessment of the EMIC Stigma Scale for Brazilians affected by leprosy
Morgado, F. F. D. R., da Silveira, E. M. K. X., do Nascimento, L. P. R., Sales, A. M., Nery, J. A. D. C., Sarno, E. N., & Illarramendi, X. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239186 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dhungana, S., Tulachan, P., Chapagai, M., Pant, S. B., Lama, P. Y., & Upadhyaya, S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264466 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Grover, S., Mehra, A., Kumar, A., Chakrabarti, S., & Avasthi, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_123_19 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Woon, L. S.-C., Khoo, S. I., Baharudin, A., & Midin, M. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_612_19 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Informal caregiving in schizophrenia: correlates and predictors of perceived rewards
Stanley, S., & Balakrishnan, S. (2021) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2021.1904089 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Stigma for Mental Disorders among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Grover, S., Sharma, N., & Mehra, A. (2020) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1702916 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of Recovery Measures on Internalized Stigma in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Caqueo‐Urízar, A., Ponce-Correa, F., & Alfonso Urzúa, M. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00847-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kusumawaty, I. (2020) · Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan) · doi:10.36743/medikes.v7i1.206 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Correlates and predictors of perceived stigma and self‐stigma in Chinese patients with psychosis
Tao, T. J., Hui, C., Ho, E., Hui, P. W. M., Suen, Y., Lee, E., Chan, S., Chang, W.-C., & Chen, E. (2021) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13251 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Parenting skills of patients with chronic schizophrenia
Rabha, A., Padhy, S. K., & Grover, S. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_107_20 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Devkota, H. R., Poudel, S., Shrestha, M. K., Oli, R. U., Rai, N. K., Poudel, M. P., Banjara, P., Malla, C., Hazel, Y. P., Dahal, A., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18682-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Borhade, S. R., Mishra, K. K., & John, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176241240027 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The effect of social alienation on stigma among stroke inpatients in China: a cross-sectional study
Wu, Y., Liu, J., Fornah, L., Zhao, J., & Wu, S. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25009-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Parveen, S., Mehra, A., Kumar, K., & Grover, S. (2021) · Journal of Geriatric Mental Health · doi:10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_10_21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hoseinzadeh, F., Miri, S., Foroughameri, G., Farokhzadian, J., & Shahrbabaki, M. E. (2022) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2021.2024480 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stigma for mental disorders among the elderly population in a rural setting
Mehra, A., Singla, H., Grover, S., & Avasthi, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_124_19 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
ESTIGMA EN LA PRÁCTICA PSIQUIÁTRICA DE UN HOSPITAL GENERAL
Alarcón, R. D. (2017) · Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes · doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.09.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Koparal, B., & Avcı, İ. K. (2025) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-025-10140-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Krishnareddy, S. R., Thirthalli, J., Kumar, C. N., Manjunatha, N., Rawat, V. S., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241248609 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Perception of burden by caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in relation to symptom profile
Gunjahalli, B., & Chougule, P. (2019) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_14_19 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Internalised stigma and self-esteem in patients with remitted schizophrenia and their spouses
Jobin, A., Mishra, P., & Pandey, M. K. (2021) · Mind and Society · doi:10.56011/mind-mri-103-420222 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of Social Stigma Scale in Indian Context
Bharti, P., Pandey, J., Verma, S. K., & Singh, T. (2024) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-024-00787-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rodak, J., Witusik, A., Nowakowska-Domagała, K., Pietras, T., & Mokros, Ł. (2018) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2018.77034 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stigma Experienced by People with Severe Mental Disorders and their Caregivers: A Narrative Review
Balasundaram, S., & Chandrasekaran, V. (2019) · Annals of SBV · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10085-8109 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The role of diagnostic labels in shaping first impressions of individuals with schizophrenia
Berretta, S. A., Bennett-Leleux, L. J., Albrecht, K., & Pinkham, A. E. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.07.028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gender and Schizophrenia: Are Differences Biological or Social?
Mahapatra, A., & Deshpande, S. N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5393-6_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Heylen, E., Srinivasan, K., Ruben, J. P., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2023) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_205_22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ali, A., Islam, S., & Paul, F. A. (2024) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_34_23 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stigma and its Correlation in Patients with Schizophrenia
Nimbhalkar, R., Rathore, S., & Sharma, A. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_114_24 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beniwal, R. P., Das, D., Chakraborti, S., & Sachdev, A. (2020) · Telangana Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18231/2455-8559.2018.0005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Community Stigma Among Schizophrenia During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Putri, T. H., & Tania, F. (2021) · Jurnal Aisyah Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan · doi:10.30604/jika.v6i2.497 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shettima, F., Rabbebe, I. B., Wakawa, I. A., & Wakil, M. A. (2022) · Global Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.47604/gjhs.1455 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stigma: A Clinical Risk Factor for Psychopathology and Recovery
Sousa, A. D., Dikshit, R., Lodha, P., Maheshwari, A. R., & Shrivastava, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19847-3_13
Mother's Employment Status With Fine Motor Development
Podungge, Y., Adam, E. Y., Igirisa, Y., Porouw, H. S., & Mohamad, R. (2021) · Jurnal Aisyah Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan · doi:10.30604/jika.v6is1.771
Jamal, S., Gupta, B., Nischal, A., & Tripathi, A. (2024) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_49_23
Ohira, S. (2024) · Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science · doi:10.5630/jans.44.317
Internalized Stigma and its correlates amongst patients with Common Mental DisordersPreprint
Manghani, P., Udupa, S. T., Chandrashekar, P., & Pattanshetty, S. M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5968430/v1
A New Lens on the District Mental Health Program: Strategies for Sustainable Mental Healthcare
Singh, G., Singh, A., Shukla, D., Singh, A., Srivastava, P. K., & Ahlawat, S. (2025) · Journal of Advance Research in Science and Social Science · doi:10.46523/jarssc.08.01.01
Making Sense of Visual Hallucinations in Lewy Body Dementia for Informal Caregivers
Hutchinson, J. G., Knox, A., Collerton, D., & Prout, A. (2025) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000705
Kumar, M. T., & Kar, N. (2026) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176251415360
Garg, T., Dhiman, V., Das, A., & Grover, N. (2026) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_26_26
- Authors
- Grover, S., Singh, A., & Mattoo, S.
- Affiliations
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Grover, Sandeep
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291
- ISSN
- 0019-5545 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5100121
- OpenAlex
- W2530730085
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, stigma, self-stigma, perceived stigma, stigma resistance, alienation, discrimination, functioning, disease knowledge, insight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
