The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.
Episodic and Semantic Memory
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In the citing paper
“SMC organizes memory along M cognitive-domain clusters motivated by the episodic-semantic memory distinction in cognitive psychology [26].”
From Structured Memory for Edge Language Models: Persistent Context and Corpus Retrieval via O(1) SSM State Injection (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“The psychologist Endel Tulving is recognized as being the first to propose a distinction between episodic memory and semantic memory, which is memory of facts about events and the world [62].”
From Episodic Memory in AI Agents Poses Risks that Should be Studied and Mitigated (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
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Items 101–130 of 130
Do humans use episodic memory to solve a What-Where-When memory task?
Holland, S. M., & Smulders, T. V. (2011) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0346-5 · Cited by 61
Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory
Zhou, W., & Crystal, J. D. (2011) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0367-0 · Cited by 60
Singer, R. A., & Zentall, T. R. (2007) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03193054 · Cited by 60
Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development
Ngo, C. T., Benear, S. L., Popal, H., Olson, I. R., & Newcombe, N. S. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.088 · Cited by 53
Cognitive Outcome in Acute Sporadic Encephalitis
Hokkanen, L., & Launes, J. (2000) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1009079531196 · Cited by 49
Remembering the past and planning for the future in rats
Crystal, J. D. (2013) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.11.014 · Cited by 50
Using self-generated cues to facilitate recall: a narrative review
Wheeler, R. L., & Gabbert, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01830 · Cited by 47
Autobiographical memory retrieval and appraisal in social anxiety disorder
Moscovitch, D. A., Vidovic, V., Lenton-Brym, A. P., Dupasquier, J. R., Barber, K. C., Hudd, T., Zabara, N., & Romano, M. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.008 · Cited by 48
The impact of videotape playback of hypnotic events on posthypnotic amnesia
McConkey, K. M., & Sheehan, P. W. (1981) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.90.1.46 · Cited by 48
Hou, Y., Tamoto, H., & Miyashita, H. (2024) · Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613905.3650839 · Cited by 31
“Human memory serves as a system to encode, store, and retrieve our experiences [25].”
BackgroundWild, free-living hummingbirds can learn what happened, where and in which context
Jelbert, S. A., Hurly, T. A., Marshall, R. E. S., & Healy, S. D. (2014) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.028 · Cited by 25
Zhang, W., van Ast, V. A., Klumpers, F., Roelofs, K., & Hermans, E. J. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01218 · Cited by 21
Use of incidentally encoded memory from a single experience in cats
Takagi, S., Tsuzuki, M., Chijiiwa, H., Arahori, M., Watanabe, A., Saito, A., & Fujita, K. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.12.014 · Cited by 19
Schaffer, Y., & Geva, R. (2016) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1016537 · Cited by 18
Sato, N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81943-9 · Cited by 16
Comparing the non-linguistic hallmarks of episodic memory systems in corvids and children
Jelbert, S. A., & Clayton, N. S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.011 · Cited by 14
Wilkins, C., & Clayton, N. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107221 · Cited by 12
Understanding Autobiographical Memory in the Digital Age: The AMEDIA-Model
Hutmacher, F., Appel, M., & Schwan, S. (2024) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2024.2384125 · Cited by 12
Pellikka, A., Lutovac, S., & Kaasila, R. (2018) · Nordic Studies in Science Education · doi:10.5617/nordina.4368 · Cited by 9
Procedural Memory Is Not All You Need: Bridging Cognitive Gaps in LLM-Based Agents
Wheeler, S., & Jeunen, O. (2025) · Adjunct Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization · doi:10.1145/3708319.3734172 · Cited by 6
Episodic Memory in AI Agents Poses Risks that Should be Studied and Mitigated
DeChant, C. (2025) · 2025 IEEE Conference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML) · doi:10.1109/satml64287.2025.00024 · Cited by 5
“The psychologist Endel Tul-ving is recognized as being the first to propose a distinction between episodic memory and semantic memory, which is memory of facts about events and the world [62].”
Human-inspired Perspectives: A Survey on AI Long-term Memory
He, Z., Lin, W., Zheng, H., Zhang, F., Jones, M. W., Aitchison, L., Xu, X., Liu, M., Kristensson, P. O., & Shen, J. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.00489 · Cited by 3
“3.1.3, human semantic memory involves constructing “relationship” be-tween pieces of information [29, 24].”
InfluentialSeeing, Listening, Remembering, and Reasoning: A Multimodal Agent with Long-Term Memory
Long, L., He, Y., Ye, W., Pan, Y., Lin, Y., Li, H., Zhao, J., & Li, W. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.09736 · Cited by 102
“Instead of using single-turn retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to load memory into context [20], M3-Agent employs reinforcement learning to enable multi-turn reasoning and iterative memory retrieval, resulting in higher task success rates.”
Dejou, J., Athanassi, A., Brunel, T., Thevenet, M., Didier, A., & Mandairon, N. (2026) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003845 · Cited by 1
Liu, Q., Wang, M., & Xie, J. (2026) · 2026 6th International Conference on Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems Engineering (MLISE) · doi:10.1109/mlise70044.2026.11607496
Cognis: Context-Aware Memory for Conversational AI Agents
Daftari, P., Patel, K., Kapale, S., George, J., & Surendira, S. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.19771
“Building on insights from cognitive science [Tulving, 1972, Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968] and recent advances in agent memory [Chhikara et al., 2025, Zep AI, 2024, Packer et al., 2023, Zhong et al., 2023], Cognis combines principled memory organization with state-of-the-art retrieval techniques.”
Memory for Autonomous LLM Agents:Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Emerging Frontiers
Du, P. (2026) · arXiv · Cited by 1
“Cognitive scientists have long distinguished multiple memory systems in the human brain [Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968, Tulving, 1972, Baddeley, 2000, Squire, 2004].”
Cherif, A. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.00009 · Cited by 1
“Inspired by cognitive science, agent memory systems typically distinguish between sensory/working memory (the live context window), episodic memory (a record of past experiences), and semantic memory (distilled factual knowledge) [18, 2].”
Gopal, A. M., Pirbadian, A., Carlson, K. D., Lewis, M. A., & Tapson, J. (2026) · arXiv
“SMC organizes memory along M cognitive-domain clusters motivated by the episodic–semantic memory distinction in cognitive psychology [26].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, C.
- Corresponding author
- Carol Brown
- Venue
- Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications Ltd
- Published
- 2007
- Pages
- 74-76
- OpenAlex
- W3041214984
- Cited by
- 3,749
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 142 · 2014: 182 · 2013: 174 · 2012: 164
- FWCI
- 270.62
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- it
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- episodic memory, semantic memory, memory systems
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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