High-Lard and High-Fish Oil Diets Differ in Their Effects on Insulin Resistance Development, Mitochondrial Morphology and Dynamic Behaviour in Rat Skeletal Muscle
Open accessAbstract
Fish oil (mainly omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), differently from lard (mainly saturated fatty acids) has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects associated with amelioration of insulin sensibility. An important role in skeletal muscle insulin resistance development has been recently attributed to mitochondrial dynamic behavior. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that frequently undergo fission/fusion processes and a shift toward fission process has been associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance development. The present work aimed to evaluate if the replacement of lard with fish oil in high-fat diet positively affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamic behavior in association with the improvement of insulin-resistance. Body weight gain, systemic insulin-resistance (glucose/insulin ratio), serum TNFα levels and skeletal muscle lipid content were assessed in rats fed a high-lard or high-fish-oil diet for 6 weeks. In skeletal muscle sections, immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect the presence of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and tyrosine phosphorylated IRS1 (key factor in insulin signalling pathway) as well as to detect the main proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion (MFN2 and OPA1) and fission (DRP1 and Fis1) processes. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial ultrastructural features were assessed by electron microscopy. High-fish oil feeding induced lower body weight gain, systemic inflammation and insulin-resistance development as well as skeletal muscle lipid accumulation compared to high-lard feeding. Skeletal muscle sections from high-fish oil fed rats exhibited a greater number of immunoreactive fibers for MFN2 and OPA1 proteins as well as weaker immunostaining for DRP1 and Fis1 compared to sections from high-lard fed rats. Electron microscopy observations suggested a prominent presence of fission events in L rats and fusion events in F rats. The positive effect of the replacement of lard with fish oil in high-fat diet on systemic and skeletal muscle insulin sensibility was associated to changes in mitochondrial dynamic behavior.
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Compared to a high-lard diet, high-fish oil feeding showed enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial fusion, facilitated by mitofusins MFN1 and MFN2 and OPA1.
“Compared to high-lard diet group, high-fish oil feeding showed enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial fusion, facilitated by mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2) and OPA1 [93].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
Omega-3 PUFAs downregulated mitochondrial fission proteins and improved insulin signaling, suggesting that the anti-obesity effects of omega-3 on insulin resistance development may be partly due to changes in mitochondrial dynamic behavior in skeletal muscle.
“Additionally, omega-3 PUFAs also downregulated mitochondrial fission proteins and improved insulin signaling, suggesting that the anti-obesity effects of omega-3 on insulin resistance development may be partly due to changes in mitochondrial dynamic behavior in skeletal muscle [93].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
Obesity-associated insulin resistance may be highly associated with an increased proinflammatory cytokine level that inhibits mitochondrial fusion.
“The authors suggested obesity-associated insulin resistance may be highly associated with an increased proinflammatory cytokine level that inhibits mitochondrial fusion, which supports their findings that given the effects of omega-3 PUFA on reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels [93].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Lionetti, L., Sica, R., Mollica, M. P., & Putti, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Putti, Rosalba
- ORCID
- Lionetti, Lillà
- Venue
- Food and Nutrition Sciences
- Publisher
- Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 04
- Issue
- 09
- Pages
- 105-112
- ISSN
- 2157-944X (ISSN-L)
- 2157-9458
- OpenAlex
- W2036401653
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Food and Nutrition Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- fish oil, lard, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, high-fat diet, IRS-1, TNF-α, systemic inflammation, muscle lipid accumulation, mitofusin 2, OPA1, Drp1, Fis1, mitochondrial ultrastructure
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