The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 56 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Healthcare is now routinely delivered by telecommunications-based services in all developed countries and an increasing number of developing countries. Telemedicine is used in many clinical specialities and across numerous healthcare settings, which range from mobile patient-centric applications to complex interactions amongst clinicians in tertiary referral hospital settings. This paper discusses some recent areas of significant development and progress in the field with the purpose of identifying strong trends in both research and practice activities. METHODS: To establish the breadth of new ideas and directions in the field, a review of literature was made by searching PubMed for recent publications including terms (telemedicine OR telehealth) AND (challenge OR direction OR innovation OR new OR novel OR trend), for all searchable categories. 3,433 publications were identified that have appeared since January 1, 2005 (2,172 of these since January 1, 2010), based on a search conducted on June 1, 2015. RESULTS: The current interest areas in these papers span both synchronous telemedicine, including intensive care, emergency medicine, and mental health, and asynchronous telemedicine, including wound and burns care, dermatology and ophthalmology. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that two major drivers of contemporary tele medicine development are a high volume demand for a particular clinical service, and/or a high criticality of need for clinical exper tise to deliver the service. These areas offer promise for further study and enhancement of applicable telemedicine methods and have the potential for large-scale deployments internationally, which would contribute significantly to the advancement of healthcare.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This narrative review surveys recent telemedicine research and practice trends, focusing on selected synchronous and asynchronous clinical applications. It concludes that contemporary development is driven mainly by high-volume demand for a service and/or high criticality of need for timely specialist expertise.
Key findings
- A PubMed search identified 3,433 publications since January 1, 2005 (2,172 since January 1, 2010), with current interest spanning synchronous areas such as intensive care, emergency medicine, and mental health, and asynchronous areas such as wound/burns care, dermatology, and ophthalmology.
- Two major drivers of contemporary telemedicine development are identified: high volume demand for a particular clinical service, and/or high criticality of need for clinical expertise to deliver the service.
- In intensive care, the paper notes approximately 4,000 intensivists for 4,000 adult ICUs in the United States; a review of 25 studies found most showed some mortality reduction after eICU introduction, though with high variation across projects.
- In telestroke, the TEMPiS project treated 54,804 strokes and transient ischemic attacks in 15 regional hospitals, performed 31,864 teleconsultations, applied intravenous thrombolysis to 3,331 cases, reduced median onset-to-treatment time from 150 to 120 minutes, and reduced door-to-needle time from 80 to 40 minutes.
Methods
- Narrative literature review searching PubMed for publications containing (telemedicine OR telehealth) AND (challenge OR direction OR innovation OR new OR novel OR trend), across all searchable categories; search conducted June 1, 2015.
- The review selected illustrative applications rather than covering the entire field, grouping them into synchronous telemedicine (intensive care, emergency medicine, mental health) and asynchronous telemedicine (wound care, teledermatology, teleophthalmology).
- The paper states that home/mobile-based applications and educational or administrative services were not further discussed; a simple keyword analysis of the most relevant publications was used to identify clinical areas.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: a comprehensive review of the entire telemedicine field is beyond its scope, so only a few important applications are highlighted; home/mobile applications and educational or administrative services are excluded.
- Evident from the text: the search is PubMed-only, uses broad keyword terms, and no systematic screening, formal inclusion criteria, quality appraisal, or quantitative synthesis is described.
- Evident from the text: the review is narrative and time-bound to a June 1, 2015 search, so its trends reflect literature available up to that point.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
52 Not checked yet · 31 Own interpretation · 3 No basis given · 2 Own result
In the paper
“While intensive care units exist in most hospitals, there is a worldwide shortage of intensive care specialists (intensivists).”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Ahn, 2012, ICU Dir source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“High levels of satisfaction were recorded for the ability of the system to integrate a number of activities closely across the two geographically-separated sites.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Hansen, 2013, J Int Soc Telemed eHealth
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, while the basic mental health consultation is an interview between clinician and patient, the ease of access provided by telemedicine can allow a single 50-minute consultation to be replaced by two or three shorter interviews [20].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Mohr, 2009, Clin Psychol Sci Pract source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intravenous thrombolysis was applied to 3,331 of these stroke cases.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Muller-Barna, 2014, Stroke source
plainn = 3,331- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A recent study of 838 ambulance-transported patients in Korea (of whom 188 were subject to in-ambulance monitoring) demonstrated that the choice of the treating hospital could be improved if physicians were made aware of continuous monitoring of vital signs [16].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Kim, 2011, Telemed J E Health source
boostedconditionaln = 188- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Many implementations demonstrated reduction in stress and 'burnout' experienced by staff members who have to care for ICU patients without peer support.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Kumar, 2013, Perspect Health Inf Manag
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Economic analyses have shown that cost effectiveness of synchronous telemedicine vary widely according to the delivery setting [8].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wade, 2010, BMC Health Serv Res source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Scheduling difficulties for both patient and clinician can be eased through the use of asynchronous consultations [19].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Yellowlees, 2011, Telemed J E Health source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The system was able to demonstrate improved decision-making for patient-management, especially for those patients in the 'middle' levels of trauma severity, where local management could be enhanced through specialist participation [14].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Westbrook, 2008, Med J Aust source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“High levels of agreement between experts have been reported [31] for telemedicine, whereas referring physicians tended to make more pessimistic assessments.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Saffle, 2009, J Trauma source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These aspects are seldom systematized sufficiently in clinical situations to allow reliable control of the variability and prediction of outcomes [2526].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2526]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“There appears to be little or no reduction in effectiveness compared with face-to-face consultations.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Pruitt, 2014, Prof Psychol Res Pr source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Situations in which telemedicine has been reported recently as being used innovatively for wound care include postoperative wound management, trauma and accidental injury patients, burns, diabetes and other degenerative diseases, pressure sores and ulcers, skin and subcutaneous procedures [2324].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2324]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“High levels of agreement (at least 80%) between experts have been reported for this approach in primary care [28] and nursing home [29] settings.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Vowden, 2013, J Wound Care source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relative immediacy of HBTMH is further enhanced through the use of mobile devices.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A success story within emergency telemedicine has been the use of telemedicine in acute stroke care, sometimes referred to as 'telestroke'.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Thrombolytic drugs, if delivered within a strict post-stroke time window, have a high rate of reversal of many of the long-term effects of stroke.
- Rests on an assumption: There is risk to the patient if thrombolytic drugs are administered when stroke is not indicated.
- Rests on an assumption: Neurological specialists qualified to make the decision on drug administration are sparsely distributed outside major cities in most countries with advanced healthcare systems.
- Rests on an assumption: The delay limit for drug administration in acute stroke is about four hours from stroke onset.
In the paper
“More complex telewoundcare management situations, such as pressure ulcers involving multiple carers, have also been shown to be comparable with conventional practice [30].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Stern, 2014, BMC Health Serv Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A recent study of teledermatology programs in the United States observed that sustainability of services in the study period since 2003 had depended strongly on volume of case throughput [34].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Armstrong, 2012, J Am Acad Dermatol source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“High levels of agreement between experts have been reported [31] for telemedicine, whereas referring physicians tended to make more pessimistic assessments.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Saffle, 2009, J Trauma source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due to the widespread availability of personal communication devices with inbuilt cameras, which allow ad hoc practices to emerge”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whether for reasons of efficiency or to overcome resource constraints, the net effect of this separation is that poor availability of a scarce physical or human resource is overcome by careful management of the capture, storage, and transmission of information to accommodate that situation.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies in UK [32] and USA [33] suggest that routine institutional teleburn treatment management is feasible.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The need to supply timely and sometimes frequent contact between clinician and patient is met by implementing home-based telemental health (HBTMH) using the improved communications infrastructure present in many homes.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: There is a stigma attached to seeking treatment for mental conditions, which creates barriers between patients and those who can offer treatment.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ability to interact with a patient at virtually any time or place makes mobile devices especially useful in delivering mental health care.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“High levels of agreement (at least 80%) between experts have been reported for this approach in primary care [28] and nursing home [29] settings.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Chen, 2014, Ann Plast Surg source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Technical aspects, such as image resolution, focus, and depth-of-field, as well as lighting, position of camera relative to the subject, and colour, are all important to ensure that there is enough information for accurate clinical assessment and judgement.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“An advantage noted in telewoundcare research has been the ease with which additional expert opinion for assessment and treatment can be accessed by patients and carers through simple imaging approaches.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effectiveness of the approach depends closely on the quality and acquisition characteristics of the imagery.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One of the most active areas for teledermatology development and deployment has been in skin cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment management [44].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [44] Mahendran, 2005, Clin Exp Dermatol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Its clinical efficacy has been established [52] and more recently, analysis of its economic viability has been undertaken [5354].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Whited, 2006, Diabetes Technol Ther source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Fundamental acuity testing has been seen as a suitable candidate for remote delivery using computer-based tools [57], and it has been shown to deliver performance comparable to that of human testers [58].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] Kumar, 2008, Clin Exp Optom source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Adoption of teledermatology (including teledermatoscopy) has been widespread compared with other areas in telemedicine, driven by the availability of numerous commercial products to acquire and analyze imagery [36], by the user satisfaction and positive attitude of dermatologists towards its uptake [37], and by the substantial evidence of its clinical effectiveness [383940].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The development of an open-source system, EyePACS [55], supporting diabetic retinopathy as well as other ocular disorders on a variety of platforms, has encouraged widespread adoption of the telemedicine approach [56].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Cuadros, 2004, Stud Health Technol Inform
- Not checked yetcites [56] Cuadros, 2009, J Diabetes Sci Technol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A subsequent study reported that teledermatology was overall inferior to clinical dermatology in diagnostic accuracy [47].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Warshaw, 2009, J Am Acad Dermatol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Its clinical efficacy has been established [52] and more recently, analysis of its economic viability has been undertaken [5354].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5354]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A major application area for teleophthalmology is diabetic retinopathy, often in a setting of repeated screening of diabetes patients for signs of deterioration.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It can also offer improvements in healthcare in settings with a substantial remote area population like Australia [41], and in developing world situations where population size limits access to health services, like India [42].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Muir, 2008, Stud Health Technol Inform
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It can also offer improvements in healthcare in settings with a substantial remote area population like Australia [41], and in developing world situations where population size limits access to health services, like India [42].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Thomas, 2013, Indian Dermatol Online J source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Fundamental acuity testing has been seen as a suitable candidate for remote delivery using computer-based tools [57], and it has been shown to deliver performance comparable to that of human testers [58].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Srinivasan, 2012, Br J Ophthalmol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One consequence has been the ability to provide telemedicine on a wide variety of delivery devices.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 2015, we are seeing telemedicine evolve from a technology-driven novelty to an essential component of healthcare delivery in a number of specialities and fields.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The reviewed literature is representative of telemedicine research and practice trends.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One recent trend has been the evolution of hybrid models of care derived by changing some aspects of the telemedicine solution to introduce a significant variation.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Recent interest has been shown in using smartphones in place of specialised equipment where feasible [61].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Zvornicanin, 2014, Acta Inform Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increased use of wireless communication is permitting telemedicine to be used more easily at the point of care rather than in a videoconferencing setting.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High volume, in which it is increasingly difficult to physically co-locate the patient and their associated data on the one hand, and the expertise to deal with that data on the other.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Telemedicine is now working in a richer information space than in the 1990s.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As healthcare models evolve, telemedicine is more likely to fulfil a role in transforming healthcare by increasing the capacity for clinical professionals to interact with patients and carers.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another trend has been the adoption of telemedicine on a greater scale by certain clinical disciplines, such as critical and emergency care, or chronic disease management.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 26
- Probably not a substantial claim. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“3,433 publications were identified that have appeared since January 1, 2005 (2,172 of these since January 1, 2010), based on a search conducted on June 1, 2015.”
- Also stated in: § 2. Literature Search · plain
“3,433 publications were identified that have appeared since January 1, 2005 (2,172 of these since January 1, 2010), based on a search conducted on June 1, 2015.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > Abstract > Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 2. Literature Search · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A simple keyword analysis of those deemed most relevant to telemedicine showed that numerous clinical areas were addressed, but far fewer technologies.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > II. Methods > 2. Literature Search
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current interest areas in these papers span both synchronous telemedicine, including intensive care, emergency medicine, and mental health, and asynchronous telemedicine, including wound and burns care, dermatology and ophthalmology.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is concluded that two major drivers of contemporary tele medicine development are a high volume demand for a particular clinical service, and/or a high criticality of need for clinical exper tise to deliver the service.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > Abstract > Conclusions
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A 2009 survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1] focused on four specialities, and found that teleradiology was the most common application, practised in 62% of WHO member states which responded to the survey.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > I. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] World Health Organisation, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Telehealth adoption in Europe, the Americas, and South-East Asia was highest, while Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean had the lowest uptake.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > I. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] World Health Organisation, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The median onset-to-treatment time was reduced from 150 to 120 minutes, and door-to-needle time was reduced from 80 to 40 minutes [17].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Muller-Barna, 2014, Stroke source
plaindirectn = 3,331- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A similar project in Arizona, USA connected a level 1 trauma centre in Tucson to five rural hospitals with minimal specialist support [15]. Although the sample size was too small for detailed analysis, the authors reported considerable savings in the cost of transporting patients.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Latifi, 2009, Am J Surg source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent report [5] suggested that the global implementation of telehealth, as measured by either number of patients or revenue from services and technology sales, will increase tenfold between 2012 and 2018.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > I. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Global telehealth market to expand 10x by 2018 [Internet]. [place unknown]. Modern Health Talk. 2014. cited at 2015 Mar 20. Available from: http://www.mhealthtalk.com/global-telehealth-market-to-expand-10x-by-2018/#more-7937
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Other benefits included enhanced training opportunities and reduced stress for staff in the rural ICU.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Hansen, 2013, J Int Soc Telemed eHealth
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent review paper [21] pointed out a number of benefits of HBTMH, including better adherence to appointments and medication, overcoming social isolation, access to contextual information such as the patient's home situation, improved patient and practitioner safety, and removal of the fears of stigma attached to attending a mental health clinic.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Pruitt, 2014, Prof Psychol Res Pr source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent review [11] showed that among 25 studies, most showed some reduction in mortality following the introduction of the eICU, although the actual reduction exhibited a high variation across different projects.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Kumar, 2013, Perspect Health Inf Manag
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As an example, in the TeleMedical Project for Integrative Stroke Care (TEMPiS) in Bavaria, Germany, between February 2003 and December 2012, 54,804 strokes and transient ischemic attacks were treated in 15 regional hospitals, and 31,864 teleconsultations were performed.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Muller-Barna, 2014, Stroke source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The World Health Organization [18] has estimated that 450 million people are affected by mental or behavioural disorders worldwide, and five of the ten leading causes of disability and premature death are associated with psychiatric conditions.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] World Health Organization. Prevention of mental disorders: effective interventions and policy options [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization. 2004. cited at 2015 Apr 3. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/en/prevention_of_mental_disorders_sr.pdf
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, in the United States, it is estimated [9] that there are approximately 4,000 intensivists to staff the 4,000 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in the nation.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Ahn, 2012, ICU Dir source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The potentially fatal effects of depression and other mental conditions can be prevented or greatly attenuated with timely intervention, but this is difficult to implement, due to such factors as limitations in access to providers [19].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Yellowlees, 2011, Telemed J E Health source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This growth is driven largely by the rapid proliferation of mobile and home-based devices, which in turn is driven by the need for the cost-effective management of chronic and aging-related disease.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > I. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mental health is an increasing challenge for health systems worldwide.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] World Health Organization. Prevention of mental disorders: effective interventions and policy options [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization. 2004. cited at 2015 Apr 3. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/en/prevention_of_mental_disorders_sr.pdf
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A contemporary review [22] lists a number of activities in mental illness management facilitated through mHealth.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Price, 2014, Clin Psychol Psychother source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The constraints imposed by limited bandwidth availability which prompted the development of asynchronous services have now largely fallen away, so there has been a migration of some of these services to synchronous (or near-synchronous).”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > II. Methods > 1. Scope of Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Australia, a national online consultation and educational service known as TeleDerm has operated for the past decade, providing asynchronous case advice with a 24-hour turn-around [35].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Muir, 2014, Aust Fam Physician
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it has been claimed that accuracy of 81% is achievable [50], consistent with conventional teledermatology.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] Lamel, 2012, J Am Acad Dermatol source
hedged- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While teleophthalmology generally requires specialised imaging equipment, it is non-invasive and not reliant on direct clinical expertise in the image acquisition process, which makes it easier to achieve cost-effectiveness in large-scale population-wide circumstances.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is accepted by many authors that the performance of teledermatology in this area is below that of direct clinical inspection, with typical reported accuracy of diagnosis rates of around 80%, e.g., [45].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Moreno-Ramirez, 2005, J Telemed Telecare source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Especially in remote areas and developing countries, the loss of productivity and opportunities due to diminished vision could be avoided by the provision of regular, frequent eye care.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Cautionary commentary has also appeared suggesting that results obtained with publicly available smartphone dermatology applications may be highly variable and unreliable [51].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] Wolf, 2013, JAMA Dermatol source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Recognition of potential melanoma and carcinoma from transmitted images was shown to have high sensitivity (98%) but low specificity (43%) [46], resulting in excessive referrals.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Bowns, 2006, Health Technol Assess source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often, this recent adoption has been due to the development of a new technological solution (e.g., storage and rapid backend processing of large datasets) that makes this practical.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“two trends which are immediately apparent are implementations which demonstrate:”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is increasingly based on the utility of the applications rather than response to a technology push, and there is increasing demand for system-wide implementations rather than further unsustainable and unscalable pilots.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High criticality applications, where specialist expertise needs to be made available at the point of care within a very strict time frame.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other applications reported to be suitable for telemedicine include blurred vision [59] and degenerative eye diseases [60].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 2. Asynchronous Telemedicine
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is increasingly based on the utility of the applications rather than response to a technology push, and there is increasing demand for system-wide implementations rather than further unsustainable and unscalable pilots.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The distinction between the telemedicine consultation and the patient record is already blurred in telepsychiatry, but the convergence of telemedicine and medical informatics is likely to make this distinction even less relevant in the future.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many of the barriers to telemedicine expansion lie in this domain rather than technology, which has, if anything, outpaced telemedicine applications [62].”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] Jang-Jaccard, 2014, Telemed J E Health source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Telemedicine has tended to follow fixed models of care, based either on replicating conventional care delivery methods (e.g., videoconferencing replacing face to face live consultations) or introducing new methods (e.g., home-based patient health status monitoring).”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most developed countries, the increasing availability of reliable broadband communications and user interface devices has effectively removed the cost and availability of this technology as a barrier to the uptake of telemedicine.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Health informatics has evolved largely independently of telemedicine, but telemedicine systems are already evolving to work in an environment of complex digital information.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such co-location can occur in time as well as in space, which will continue to create demand for asynchronous telemedicine, as discussed in Section III of this paper.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasing pressure on health systems to deliver high-quality healthcare within strict financial constraints will drive this trend to leverage healthcare resources more effectively.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > IV. Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Thrombolytic drugs, if delivered within a strict post-stroke time window, have a high rate of reversal of many of the long-term effects of stroke.
“Thrombolytic drugs, if delivered within a strict post-stroke time window, have demonstrated a high rate of reversal of many of the long-term effects of stroke.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is risk to the patient if thrombolytic drugs are administered when stroke is not indicated.
“However, there is risk to the patient if these drugs are administered when stroke is not indicated, and the assessment involves CT scans, blood tests, and an assessment of the patient's neurological function.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Neurological specialists qualified to make the decision on drug administration are sparsely distributed outside major cities in most countries with advanced healthcare systems.
“The neurological specialists qualified to make the decision on drug administration are sparsely distributed outside major cities in most countries with advanced healthcare systems, but recently their expertise has been increasingly exploited using telemedicine.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The delay limit for drug administration in acute stroke is about four hours from stroke onset.
“This application is highly time-critical (the delay limit for drug administration as about four hours from stroke onset) and requires the transmission of a variety of information types (including CT scans) as well as an interactive examination of the patient.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a stigma attached to seeking treatment for mental conditions, which creates barriers between patients and those who can offer treatment.
“There is a stigma attached to seeking treatment for mental conditions, which creates further barriers between patients and those who can offer treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mobile devices are especially well received by adolescents.
“Furthermore, such devices can support a high degree of self-management, and are especially well received by such groups as adolescents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The need to inspect a patient's wound condition approximately daily leads to significant workload and expense.
“The need to inspect the patient's condition approximately daily leads to significant workload and expense, while the benefits of personalizing the treatment of the patient and achieving faster or better recovery can be substantial.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Telemedicine and medical informatics have evolved independently, with telemedicine focusing on synchronous activity and informatics focusing on patient data.
“Telemedicine and medical informatics have, to a large extent, evolved independently of one another, with telemedicine having a focus on synchronous activity, while informatics has a focus on patient data.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Clinical management of wounds makes up a substantial fraction of day care and outpatient clinic activities in the acute sector, and imposes a burden on home or aged care and outreach nursing activities.
“Clinical management of wounds makes up a substantial fraction of day care and outpatient clinic activities in the acute sector, and it imposes a burden on home or aged care and outreach nursing activities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The reviewed literature is representative of telemedicine research and practice trends.
“In this paper, we have reviewed a number of clinical application areas, and two trends which are immediately apparent are implementations which demonstrate:”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Research indicates it is an efficient and appropriate health service, with two of the most recently published studies citing the accuracy of diagnosis rates at 80% (Wilson and Maeder, 2015).”
From Patient and practitioner satisfaction with tele-dermatology including Australia’s indigenous population: A systematic review of the literature (2016) · cites this paper as Wilson and Maeder, 2015
In the citing paper
“Other dermatologists reported that due to the high sensitivity and low specificity of tele-dermatology, there were excess referrals to the service (Wilson and Maeder, 2015).”
From Patient and practitioner satisfaction with tele-dermatology including Australia’s indigenous population: A systematic review of the literature (2016) · cites this paper as Wilson and Maeder, 2015
In the citing paper
“Research indicates it is an efficient and appropriate health service, with two of the most recently published studies citing the accuracy of diagnosis rates at 80% (Wilson and Maeder, 2015). However, some studies have reported the diagnostic accuracy of tele-dermatology as low as 43% (Lasierra et al., 2012).”
From Patient and practitioner satisfaction with tele-dermatology including Australia’s indigenous population: A systematic review of the literature (2016) · cites this paper as Wilson and Maeder, 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > II. Methods > 2. Literature Search
“As mentioned earlier, the extremely rapid growth in home and mobile-based applications will not be further discussed here.”
§ Recent Directions in Telemedicine: Review of Trends in Research and Practice > III. Results > 1. Synchronous Telemedicine
“The relative immediacy of HBTMH is further enhanced through the use of mobile devices. The ability to interact with a patient at virtually any time or place makes mobile devices especially useful in delivering mental health care.”
Citations
Cites
Bashshur, R. L., Shannon, G. W., Krupinski, E. A., & Grigsby, J. (2011) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2011.0103 · Cited by 492
mHealth: A Mechanism to Deliver More Accessible, More Effective Mental Health Care
Price, M., Yuen, E. K., Goetter, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Acierno, R., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2014) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1855 · Cited by 488
Diagnostic Inaccuracy of Smartphone Applications for Melanoma Detection
Wolf, J. A., Moreau, J. F., Akilov, O., Patton, T., English, J. C., Ho, J., & Ferris, L. K. (2013) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2382 · Cited by 393
EyePACS: An Adaptable Telemedicine System for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Cuadros, J., & Bresnick, G. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300315 · Cited by 390 · cited 1×
“The development of an open-source system, EyePACS [55], supporting diabetic retinopathy as well as other ocular disorders on a variety of platforms, has encouraged widespread adoption of the telemedicine approach [56].”
BackgroundA systematic review of economic analyses of telehealth services using real time video communication
Wade, V. A., Karnon, J., Elshaug, A. G., & Hiller, J. E. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-233 · Cited by 351 · cited 1×
“telemedicine vary widely according to the delivery setting [8].”
BackgroundTeledermatology for diagnosis and management of skin conditions: A systematic review
Warshaw, E. M., Hillman, Y. J., Greer, N. L., Hagel, E. M., MacDonald, R., Rutks, I. R., & Wilt, T. J. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.08.026 · Cited by 310 · cited 1×
“A strong body of literature exists describing numerous aspects of teledermatology [43].”
BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy screening: a systematic review of the economic evidence
Jones, S., & Edwards, R. T. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02870.x · Cited by 263
Kroemer, S., Frühauf, J., Campbell, T. M., Massone, C., Schwantzer, G., Soyer, H. P., & Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. (2011) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10208.x · Cited by 202
Teledermatology research review
Whited, J. D. (2006) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02427.x · Cited by 186
Telemedicine Evaluation of Acute Burns Is Accurate and Cost-Effective
Saffle, J. R., Edelman, L., Theurer, L., Morris, S. E., & Cochran, A. (2009) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181ae9b02 · Cited by 176
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- World Health Organisation, 2010, Telemedicine: opportunities and developments in member states
- Hansen, 2013, J Int Soc Telemed eHealth, 1, 19
- Kumar, 2013, Perspect Health Inf Manag, 10, 1f
- Gray, 2010, Wound Pract Res, 18, 158
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2014, Personal wireless device use for wound care consultation: a review of safety, clinical benefits and guidelines
- Muir, 2014, Aust Fam Physician, 43, 828
- Vrucinic, 2010, Acta Med Median, 49, 23
- Muir, 2008, Stud Health Technol Inform, 131, 245
- Cuadros, 2004, Stud Health Technol Inform, 107, 207
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Telemedicine for Healthcare: Capabilities, Features, Barriers, and Applications
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2021) · Sensors International · doi:10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100117 · Cited by 1,638
Wearable Sensing and Telehealth Technology with Potential Applications in the Coronavirus Pandemic
Ding, X., Clifton, D., Ji, N., Lovell, N. H., Bonato, P., Chen, W., Yu, X., Xue, Z., Xiang, T., Long, X., et al. (2021) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2020.2992838 · Cited by 281
Varker, T., Brand, R. M., Ward, J., Terhaag, S., & Phelps, A. (2019) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000239 · Cited by 261
Telemedicine in India: Where do we stand?
Chellaiyan, V. G., Nirupama, A. Y., & Taneja, N. (2019) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_19 · Cited by 220
A Review on Innovation in Healthcare Sector (Telehealth) through Artificial Intelligence
Amjad, A., Kordel, P., & Fernandes, G. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086655 · Cited by 270
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, L. S., & Maeder, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Maeder, Anthony J.
- ORCID
- Maeder, Anthony J.
- Venue
- Healthcare Informatics Research
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 213
- ISSN
- 2093-3681 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-369X
- PMC
- PMC4659877
- OpenAlex
- W2183234860
- Semantic Scholar
- b85c428452f623640d4be8d3c4d882bdc5729013
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare Informatics Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Keywords
- telemedicine, synchronous telemedicine, asynchronous telemedicine, intensive care, emergency medicine, mental health, dermatology, ophthalmology, research trends
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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