Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale
Open accessAbstract
A Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J) was developed. In Survey 1, confirmatory factor analysis of data from 366 participants indicated that the SCS-J had an acceptable fit to the model, as well as good internal consistency, similar to the original. In Survey 2, a test-retest correlation of the SCS-J for 101 participants indicated good reliability for the scale. In Survey 3, 148 participants completed the SCS-J and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait form, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The partial correlations between the SCS-J and the other scales were analyzed, using self-esteem, or self-criticism as the control variables. The results demonstrated that self-compassion was associated with self-esteem and the mental health of the Japanese participants. These results indicate that the SCS-J has good reliability and validity as a measure of self-compassion.
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Self-compassion is lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand.
“self-compassion has been found to be lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand [29,50].”
From Psychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori) (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
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The Self-Compassion Scale is a Valid and Theoretically Coherent Measure of Self-Compassion
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“The large majority of translations have replicated the six-factor structure of the scale (e.g., Arimitsu 2014; Azizi et al. 2013; Castilho et al. 2015; Chen et al. 2011; GarciaCampayo et al. 2014; Hupfield and Ruffieux 2011; Lee and Lee 2010; Mantzios et al. 2013; Petrocchi et al. 2013).”
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“However, as Gilbert et al.'s (2019) research was preliminary and this review does not define compassion solely in terms of Gilbert's (2010, 2014) CFT theory, LKMs were deemed appropriate to include.”
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“Unsurprisingly, the overall factor analysis performed on all 26 items of the SCS convincingly showed that a six-correlatedfactor model yielded the best fit for the data, and it should be noted that most subsequent studies have shown that this structure of six related components provides the most optimal factor solutio…”
BackgroundMethodMontero‐Marín, J., Kuyken, W., Crane, C., Gu, J., Baer, R. A., Al-Awamleh, A. A., Akutsu, S., Araya-Véliz, C., Ghorbani, N., Chen, Z. J., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02638 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Structural validation of the Self-Compassion Scale with a German general population sample
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“A unifactorial structure of SCS has been investigated in at least 10 studies, none of which confirmed the presence of a single factor [12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 31].”
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“The relationship between selfcompassion and depression (Arimitsu, 2014; Yamaguchi, Kim, & Akutsu, 2014), and between automatic thoughts and depression (Nishikawa, Matsunaga, & Furutani, 2014; Takano & Tanno, 2009), were replicated in the present study.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationExploratory Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of the Self-Compassion Scale
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“These results are in line with previous CFA studies detailed in Table 1 (e.g., Arimitsu 2014; Costa et al. 2015; Williams et al. 2014) which would suggest that CFA might be too restrictive for the SCS.”
BackgroundResultIs Self-Compassion a Worthwhile Therapeutic Target for ICD-11 Complex PTSD (CPTSD)?
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“It is also noteworthy that the ESP was effective in increasing self-compassion in a population that tends to have lower self-compassion than Americans (Arimitsu, 2014), but it should be considered carefully because the present study has applied only for low self-compassionate individuals in a high self-criticizing cul…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationFerrari, M., Ciarrochi, J., Yap, K., Sahdra, B. K., & Hayes, S. C. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01897-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“We know that CS and UCS negatively correlate, and that self-compassion interventions change both CS and UCS (Arimitsu, 2014; Neff et al., 2021), so at the present time there is no experimental demonstration of differential effects.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPsychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori)
Nonaka, S., & Sakai, M. (2021) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2021.0050 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effects of compassionate thinking on negative emotions
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“The Japanese version of the SCS developed by Arimitsu (2014) was used.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationFactor Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 11 International Samples
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“Self-compassion The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26- item measure (e.g., BI’m kind to myself when I’m experiencing suffering^) to assess self-compassion (Neff 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of Shinrin-Yoku Retreat on Mental Health: a Pilot Study in Fukushima, Japan
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“SCS-J is a translated version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), and the 26 items in SCSJ/SCS are divided into six subscales relating to three positive constructs and three negative constructs.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version for baccalaureate nursing students: A validation study
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“Measurements used were the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales–Japanese version (CEAS-J), the Japanese version of a Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form (SCS-J-SF) [23], Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-15) [24], the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) [25], Other-Oriented Emotional Reactivity (OOER) [26],…”
MethodHalamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2018) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.398 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The Selfcompassion scale (Neff, 2003) was translated into Chinese (Chen, Yan, & Zhou, 2011), Czech (Benda & Reichová, 2016), Dutch (Neff & Vonk, 2009), French (Kotsou & Leys, 2016), German (Hupfield & Ruffieux, 2011), Greek (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2015), Hungarian (Tóth-Király, Bőthe, & Orosz, 2016), Iranian (Az…”
Sugawara, D., Chishima, Y., Kubo, T., Shah, R. I. A. B. R. R., Phoo, E. Y. M., Ng, S. L., Masuyama, A., Gu, Y., & Tee, E. Y. J. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.032 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Self-compassion (Arimitsu, 2014; Chen et al., 2011; Neff, 2003) was measured using the Self-Compassion Scale (26 items), which considers the extent to which individuals show care and compassion toward themselves in the face of hardships or perceived inadequacy (e.g., I’m kind to myself when I’m…”
RE-COVER project: A survey on resilience, mental health, and fear of Covid-19 in four countries
Sugawara, D., Gu, Y., Masuyama, A., Ng, S. L., Phoo, E. Y. M., Shah, R. I. A. B. R. R., Kubo, T., Chishima, Y., & Tee, E. Y. J. (2021) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05819-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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“Self-compassion is important for an individual’s mental and physical well-being under stress [30,31].”
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“…populations (Kadono, 1994; Hamashima and Yoshida, 2001; Tsuchiya et al., 2002; Mimura and Griffiths, 2007, 2008; Ito et al., 2009; Muramatsu et al., 2009, 2010; Fujisawa et al., 2010; Sugiura et al., 2011; Arimitsu, 2014; Sumi, 2014; Doi et al., 2018; Shoji et al., 2018; Kawakami et al., 2020).”
BackgroundValidity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates
Kocur, D. J., Flakus, M., & Fopka-Kowalczyk, M. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267637 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Slovenian long and short version of the self-compassion scale
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“Development and validation of the Japanese version of the SelfCompassion Scale.”
InfluentialPandey, R., Tiwari, G. K., Pandey, R., Mandal, S. P., Mudgal, S., Parihar, P., Rai, P. K., Tiwari, A. S., & Shukla, M. (2023) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.37708/psyct.v16i2.571 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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“The SCS–SF is the short version of the Self-compassion Scale (SCS), and both SCS and SCS–SF have been translated into Japanese with high reliability and validity (Arimitsu, 2014; Arimitsu et al., 2016).”
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“Self-compassion was assessed using the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J; Arimitsu, 2014 ), which is a translation of the original SCS (Neff, 2003).”
Muttaqin, D., Yunanto, T. A. R., Fitria, A. Z. N., Ramadhanty, A. M., & Lempang, G. F. (2020) · Persona Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia · doi:10.30996/persona.v9i2.3944 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Tidak hanya terbatas pada negara di Eropa, SCS juga telah divalidasi di negara Amerika Latin misalnya Brazil (Souza & Hutz, 2016) dan negara-negara di Asia misalnya China (MinYing Tsai, 2015; Zeng, Wei, Oei, & Liu, 2016), Iran (Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Foroughi, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013), Jepang (Arimitsu, 2014), dan T…”
Self-Compassion Across Cultures
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Self-citationEffects of self‐compassion and self‐focus on sleep disturbances among psychiatric nurses
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“There are some studies that show the relation of self-criticism with self-compassion to be low as conducted in Japanese culture (Arimitsu, 2014) and high as conducted in American culture (Gilbert and Procter, 2006; Zhang et al., 2019).”
ResultProblem gambling during Covid-19
Frisone, F., Alibrandi, A., & Settineri, S. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2457 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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“Both the SCS and the SCS–SF have been adapted and translated to several languages, including Brazilian Portuguese [49], Chinese [50], French [51], German [52], Greek [53], Italian [54], Japanese [55], Korean [56], Norwegian [57], Persian [58], Portuguese [59], or Spanish [60].”
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“Neff (2003a,b) developed the widely used Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), which has been validated across many different groups, languages, and cultures (e.g., Arimitsu, 2014; Coroiu et al., 2018; Halamová et al., 2018; Neff et al., 2019, 2021).”
MethodSado, M., Kosugi, T., Ninomiya, A., Nagaoka, M., Park, S., Fujisawa, D., Shirahase, J., & Mimura, M. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/15892 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Self‐compassion and nursing competency among Japanese psychiatric nurses
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Supportive evidence for the State Self-Compassion Scale using Japanese samples.
Chishima, Y., Sugawara, D., & Mizuno, M. (2022) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001144 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Büchner, A., Ewert, C., Hoffmann, C. F. A., Schröder–Abé, M., & Horstmann, K. T. (2024) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12924 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Yet the six-factor model is also frequently the only model that provides an acceptable fit, and this holds for the SCS (Arimitsu, 2014; Azizi et al., 2013; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Lee & Lee, 2010; Petrocchi et al., 2014; Wiliams et al., 2014) and the SF-SCS…”
Uneno, Y., Kotera, Y., Kikuchi, K., Yamada, M., Sugitani, M., Terado, S., 前原, 寛., Sakamoto, Y., Sugao, S., Tani, H., et al. (2024) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.08.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Adaptation and validation of the self-compassion scale (SCS) in an argentine context
Cababie, M., & Etchezahar, E. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02505-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…2016), Germany (Coroiu et al., 2018; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), Iran (Azizi et al., 2013), Greece (Karakasidou et al., 2017; Mantzios et al., 2015), Japan (Arimitsu, 2014), Italy (Petrocchi et al., 2014, 2013; Veneziani et al., 2017), United Kingdom (Cleare, Gumley, Cleare & O’Connor, 2018;…”
BackgroundUneno, Y., Kotera, Y., Fujisawa, D., Kataoka, Y., Kosugi, K., Murata, N., Kessoku, T., Ozaki, A., Miyatake, H., & Muto, M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067187 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Ito, Y., Browne, C. A., & Yamamoto, K. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01888-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“We used a validated Japanese version (Arimitsu 2014).”
MethodEnhancement of self compassion in psychotherapy: The role of therapists’ interventions
Galili-Weinstock, L., Chen, R., Atzil-Slonim, D., Rafaeli, E., & Peri, T. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1650979 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“While the majority of studies have replicated the six-factor structure of the scale (e.g, Arimitsu, 2014; Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Foroughi, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013; Castilho, Pinto-Gouveia, & Duarte, 2015; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014), inconsistent findings were found regarding the higher order…”
BackgroundShimai, S., & Urata, Y. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01280-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“It encompasses both positive and negative aspects of self-compassion [23].”
BackgroundYamasaki, K., Sampei, A., & Miyata, H. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297691 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Emotion regulation processes and middle-aged Japanese women’s health
Hashiguchi, K., Yoshikawa, S., & Muto, T. (2020) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2020.1784135 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kawano, N., Terao, T., Sakai, A., Akase, M., Hatano, K., Shirahama, M., Hirakawa, H., Kohno, K., & Ishii, N. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00521-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Figure 1 shows the changes in total SCS scores from the baseline to 4 weeks and the changes from 4 to 8 weeks for the three remaining groups.”
BackgroundInfluentialPropiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autocompasión (SCS) en México
Tello, A. L., Gómez, R. M., Ramos, R. S., & Moreno-Coutiño, A. B. (2022) · Psicología y Salud · doi:10.25009/pys.v33i1.2785 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kishimoto, K., & Asano, K. (2024) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12617 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Maeda, S. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105864 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kurosawa, T., Adachi, K., & Takizawa, R. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/53541 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The Japanese version of this inventory has high reliability and validity [59].”
Backgroundvon Boros, L., Möhring, A., Göritz, A. S., Lieb, K., Wessa, M., Tuescher, O., & Schäfer, S. K. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02669-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Extended author information available on the last page of the article SCS (Neff, 2003) have been validated, e.g., in German (Hup-feld & Ruffieux, 2011), Italian (Veneziani et al., 2017), and Japanese language (Arimitsu, 2014).”
The association of self-compassion with depressive temperament and reading habit
Eto, M., Terao, T., Satoh, M., Kawano, N., Sakai, A., Akase, M., Hirakawa, H., & Kohno, K. (2024) · Academia Mental Health and Well-Being · doi:10.20935/mhealthwellb6176 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kurebayashi, Y. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12687 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Turnover Intention Among Early Career Nurses in Japan1
Sugawara, D., Mizuno, M., Tani, S., Fukiya, K., & Sato, J. (2023) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12462 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Muramoto, M., Kita, S., Tobe, H., Ikeda, M., & Kamibeppu, K. (2022) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12494 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“2.4.1 | Self-compassion in women at 1 month postnatal The Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J) was used (Arimitsu, 2014; Neff, 2003b).”
MethodInfluentialTamura, N., Park, S., Sato, Y., Takita, Y., Morishita, J., Ninomiya, A., Kosugi, T., Sado, M., Mimura, M., & Fujisawa, D. (2020) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice · doi:10.1097/or9.0000000000000022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hirano, H., Ishii, K., & Sato, M. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113140 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mizuno, M., Sugawara, D., Tani, S., Fukiya, K., & Sato, J. (2021) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.92.20317 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychometric Validation of the Compassion Scale in Japan (CS-J)
Miyagawa, Y., & Niiya, Y. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02389-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Japanese Version of the Self‑Compassion Scale Self-com-passion and its six components were assessed with the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J; Arimitsu, 2014).”
Toshi, K., Nakanishi, M., Sakai, M., & Yoshii, H. (2025) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12648 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A higher total score indicates a higher level of self-compassion (Arimitsu, 2014; Neff, 2003).”
Uslu, B., Busching, R., & Warschburger, P. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02698-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Although some of these validation studies have successfully replicated the six-factor correlated factor structure of Neff’s original study (e.g., Arimitsu, 2014; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), other studies could not (e.g., Brenner et al., 2017; Coroiu et al., 2018; López…”
An Integrated Intervention Model of Body Appreciation
Namatame, H., & Sawamiya, Y. (2023) · The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.5926/jjep.71.131 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dat, N. T., Mitsui, N., Asakura, S., Kako, Y., Takanobu, K., Fujii, Y., & Kusumi, I. (2024) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104207 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sarı, T., & Conoley, C. W. (2019) · International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology · doi:10.5861/ijrsp.2019.4006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For instance, statistically significant positive relationships have been found between self-compassion and well-being in America, Thailand and Taiwan cultures (Neff, Pisitsungkagarn, & Hsieh, 2008), American university students (Neff, Kirkpatrick, & Rude, 2007; Neff, 2003), Japanese culture (Arimitsu, 2014), Iran cult…”
BackgroundSevilla, A. L. (2022) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5602 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“However, Arimitsu (2014) and Arimitsu et al. (2018) suggested that in Japan, comparative self-esteem combines with the Confucian attitude toward social expectations, resulting in among the lowest scores for self-compassion compared to other measured countries.”
BackgroundOkano, H., Kawahara, D., & Nomura, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-02801-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The Japanese version of the SCS, translated by Arimitsu (2014) and confirmed for internal consistency, retest reliability, and construct validity, consists of 26 items with six subscales, as in the original version 31 .”
Development and Validation of Moral Concern for Robot Scale (MCRS)
Yamada, S., Kanda, T., & Arimitsu, K. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3724130 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The concepts of egoism, sadism, and negative attitudes toward robots were predicted to be negatively correlated with moral concern for them.”
Self-citationIto, Y., Browne, C. A., & Yamamoto, K. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02865-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Three of the studies directly compared online and in-person delivery of MBSR, two of which (Gardner-Nix et al., 2008, 2014) were conducted by the same research team with participants experiencing chronic pain.”
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in International Contexts
Strohmaier, S., Eileen Luders, A., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_18-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kitano, M., van der Does, F. H. S., Saito, T., Giltay, E. J., Chiba, T., Edo, N., Waki, F., Tachimori, H., Koga, M., van der Wee, N. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sado, M., Ninomiya, A., Nagaoka, M., Koreki, A., Goto, N., Sasaki, Y., Takamori, C., Kosugi, T., Yamada, M., Park, S., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/33776 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The validity and reliability of all measures of the original and Japanese versions, except the Japanese version of the PAS, have been confirmed [34-54,57-74].”
Suzuki, K., Bublitz, M. H., Park, J. J., Arimitsu, T., & Proulx, J. A. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02460-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Verma, Y., Tiwari, G. K., Pandey, A., & Pandey, R. (2020) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2020.100096 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“A large number of studies have shown the empirical validity of the six-factor structure of the translated versions of the scale across cultures (Arimitsu, 2014; Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Foroughi, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013; Castilho, Pinto-Gouveia, & Duarte, 2015; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014;…”
BackgroundIzumi, M., & Akifusa, S. (2023) · International Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1155/2023/8880952 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“A study involving the SCS in Japan revealed that the rating scale values of Japan are similar to those of Taiwan [23].”
Learning your place: Watsuji on education, Bildung, and negotiating tradition
Sevilla, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Philosophy of Education · doi:10.1093/jopedu/qhae060 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tanabe, S., Miyazato, R., Hako, S., Matsumoto, M., Shigematsu, J., Kambara, K., Machino, A., Takebayashi, M., & Ogata, A. (2024) · Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science · doi:10.5630/jans.44.239 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ogawa, S., & Kojima, M. (2025) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2025.2489478 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Takahashi, E., Fukuda, R., Takahashi, T., & Katsuragawa, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334753 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Both components had negligible correlations with narcissistic personality [29].”
InfluentialIto, Y., Iwasaki, Y. K., Asano, K., Toshimitsu, M., Sakakibara, E., Yumura, H., Kanamori, Y., Kamo, S., Doi, S. K., Sasaki, N., et al. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70293 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“44 Perinatal Grief Scale Perinatal grief will be assessed using the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), 45 a 33 ‐ item questionnaire rated on a 5 ‐ point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), yielding a total score consistency (e.g., Cronbach's α ) will be evaluated and…”
Samosuosjećanje – konceptualizacija, operacionalizacija i pregled istraživanja
Gačal, H., & Mihić, J. (2023) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.32.2.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Development of self-criticism and self-reassurance questionnaire for youth
石津, 憲., Ishizaki, Y., Kashimura, M., Saito, H., & Sato, S. (2024) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.32.1_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effect of process recording and self-compassion on self-focus: A pre-post interventional pilot study
Kurebayashi, Y., & Harada, Y. (2020) · Journal of Human Sciences · doi:10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5753 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ando, M., Kukihara, H., & Kurihara, H. (2022) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2022.105031 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Positive Computing using Kansei Technology
Ogino, A. (2020) · Journal of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering · doi:10.5057/kansei.18.2_55 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Experiences with bladder-uterus fistulae].
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Language model BERT can estimate trait self-compassion from people's free texts with high accuracyPreprint
Okano, H., Kawahara, D., & Nomura, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9zfh7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lifestyles and stress according to self-kindness and goal directedness among drivers
Shimpo, M., Akamatsu, R., & Sakurazawa, H. (2019) · Psychology Community & Health · doi:10.5964/pch.v8i1.284
Grunbaum, C. (2020) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.17300.53124
Sado, M., Kosugi, T., Ninomiya, A., Park, S., Fujisawa, D., Nagaoka, M., & Mimura, M. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s318460
- Authors
- Arimitsu, K.
- Affiliations
- Komazawa University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Arimitsu, Kohki
- ORCID
- Arimitsu, Kohki
- Venue
- The Japanese journal of psychology
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-59
- ISSN
- 0021-5236 (ISSN-L)
- 1884-1082
- OpenAlex
- W126045610
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Japanese journal of psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25380944)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, Japanese version, scale development, psychometric validation, self-esteem, self-criticism, mental health, narcissism, subjective happiness, anxiety, depression
- MeSH terms
- Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reproducibility of Results, Asian People
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