Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan
Abstract
Self-compassion is a self-attitude construct derived from Buddhist psychology (Neff, 2003a). It entails being kind rather than harshly critical toward oneself, perceiving one's experiences as part of the larger human experience, and holding painful feelings in mindful awareness. Given that self-compassion is an Asian construct, this study compares self-compassion levels in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Results indicate that self-compassion is highest in Thailand and lowest in Taiwan, with the United States falling in between. Interdependence is linked to self-compassion in Thailand only, whereas independence is linked to self-compassion in Taiwan and the United States. Results suggest that self-compassion levels in these societies are linked to specific cultural features rather than general East—West differences. However, self-compassion is significantly associated with well-being in all three cultures.
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Self-compassion is lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand.
“self-compassion has been found to be lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand [29,50].”
From Psychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori) (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
The SCS has shown adequate properties even in different cultures.
“The SCS has shown adequate properties, even in different cultures (Neff et al., 2008).”
From Efficacy of 8- and 4-Session Mindfulness-Based Interventions in a Non-clinical Population: A Controlled Study (2017) · cites this paper as Neff et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-02-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-285
- ISSN
- 0022-0221 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5422
- OpenAlex
- W2172179106
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- self-compassion, self-construal, interdependence, independence, cross-cultural comparison, Buddhist psychology, well-being, East-West differences, Thailand, Taiwan, United States
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