Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract
Organizational ambidexterity refers to the ability of an organization to both explore and exploit—to compete in mature technologies and markets where efficiency, control, and incremental improvement are prized and to also compete in new technologies and markets where flexibility, autonomy, and experimentation are needed. In the past 15 years there has been an explosion of interest and research on this topic. We briefly review the current state of the research, highlighting what we know and don't know about the topic. We close with a point of view on promising areas for ongoing research.
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Swaraj demonstrated exceptional institutional ambidexterity: simultaneously working within existing institutional constraints while creating new institutional possibilities.
“Third, Swaraj demonstrated exceptional “institutional ambidexterity” (O'Reilly & Tushman, 2013); simultaneously working within existing institutional constraints while creating new institutional possibilities.”
From Transcending Boundaries: Sushma Swaraj and the Multidimensional Paradigm of Women's Empowerment in Political Leadership (2025) · cites this paper as O'Reilly & Tushman, 2013
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Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing – Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises
Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2014.893615 · Cited by 2,192 · see citing works
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001 · Cited by 1,863 · see citing works
Designing and Implementing Cross‐Sector Collaborations: Needed and Challenging
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2015) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12432 · Cited by 1,236 · see citing works
Paradox research in management science: Looking back to move forward
Schad, J., Lewis, M. W., Raisch, S., & Smith, W. K. (2016) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2016.1162422 · Cited by 1,385 · see citing works
Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Contradictions, Dialectics, and Paradoxes in Organizations: A Constitutive Approach
Putnam, L. L., Fairhurst, G. T., & Banghart, S. (2016) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2016.1162421 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Embracing Digital Innovation in Incumbent Firms: How Volvo Cars Managed Competing Concerns1
Svahn, F., Mathiassen, L., & Lindgren, R. (2017) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.1.12 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Organizational Ambidexterity and Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Junni, P., Sarala, R. M., Taras, V., & Tarba, S. Y. (2013) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0015 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Παπαδόπουλος, Θ., Baltas, K. N., & Balta, M. E. (2020) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102192 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Resilience and why it matters for farm management
Darnhofer, I. (2014) · European Review of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/erae/jbu012 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
A capability theory of the firm: an economics and (Strategic) management perspective
Teece, D. (2019) · New Zealand Economic Papers · doi:10.1080/00779954.2017.1371208 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Convergence innovation in the digital age and in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
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Dynamic Balancing of Exploration and Exploitation: The Contingent Benefits of Ambidexterity
Luger, J., Raisch, S., & Schimmer, M. (2018) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2017.1189 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Dynamic capabilities for digital transformation
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Contradictions, Dialectics, and Paradoxes in Organizations: A Constitutive Approach
Putnam, L. L., Fairhurst, G. T., & Banghart, S. (2016) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/19416520.2016.1162421 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Digital transformation in family-owned Mittelstand firms: A dynamic capabilities perspective
Soluk, J., & Kammerlander, N. H. (2021) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2020.1857666 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Clauß, T., Kraus, S., Kallinger, F. L., Bican, P. M., Brem, A., & Kailer, N. (2020) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2020.07.003 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Do Humble CEOs Matter? An Examination of CEO Humility and Firm Outcomes
Ou, A. Y., Waldman, D. A., & Peterson, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206315604187 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Benner, M. J., & Tushman, M. L. (2015) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2015.0042 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationLevels, phases and themes of coopetition: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Dorn, S., Schweiger, B., & Albers, S. (2016) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2016.02.009 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Disentangling the antecedents of ambidexterity: Exploration and exploitation
Koryak, O., Lockett, A., Hayton, J. C., Nicolaou, N., & Mole, K. F. (2018) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.12.003 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Limaj, E., & Bernroider, E. W. N. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.052 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Boone, C., Boris Lokshin, A., Guenter, H., & Belderbos, R. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2976 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Anticipatory innovation governance
Tõnurist, P., & Hanson, A. (2020) · OECD working papers on public governance · doi:10.1787/cce14d80-en · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Shashi, Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., & Singh, R. (2019) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.02.011 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Achieving supply chain resilience: the role of supply chain ambidexterity and supply chain agility
Aslam, H., Khan, A. Q., Rashid, K., & Rehman, S.-U. (2020) · Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management · doi:10.1108/jmtm-07-2019-0263 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Jackson, N. C. (2019) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2019.08.002 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Bui, T., Tsai, F. M., Tseng, M., Tan, R. R., Yu, K. D. S., & Lim, M. K. (2020) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.09.017 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Innovation for creating a smart future
Lee, S. M., & Trimi, S. (2016) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2016.11.001 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Buccieri, D., Javalgi, R. G., & Çavuşgil, E. (2019) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101639 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Mom, T. J. M., Chang, Y., Cholakova, M., & Jansen, J. J. P. (2018) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206318776775 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
What explains the resilience of SMEs? Ambidexterity capability and strategic consistency
Iborra, M., Safón, V., & Dolz, C. (2019) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101947 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Raffaelli, R. L., Glynn, M. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2019) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3011 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationForever stuck in old ways? Pluralising incumbencies in sustainability transitions
Turnheim, B., & Sovacool, B. K. (2019) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2019.10.012 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Rosing, K., & Zacher, H. (2016) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2016.1238358 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Chatman, J. A., Caldwell, D. F., O’Reilly, C. A., & Doerr, B. (2014) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1928 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationCost-effective service excellence
Wirtz, J., & Zeithaml, V. A. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-017-0560-7 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Coreynen, W., Matthyssens, P., Vanderstraeten, J., & van Witteloostuijn, A. C. (2020) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.02.014 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Lashitew, A. A., Bals, L., & van Tulder, R. (2018) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-3995-y · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Fostering strategic agility: How individual executives and human resource practices contribute
Doz, Y. (2019) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100693 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
When Is More Uncertainty Better? A Model of Uncertainty Regulation and Effectiveness
Griffin, M. A., & Grote, G. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0271 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Kammerlander, N. H., Burger, D., Fust, A. P., & Fueglistaller, U. B. (2014) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.09.004 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Carnes, C. M., Chirico, F., Hitt, M. A., Huh, D. W., & Pisano, V. (2016) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2016.07.003 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Božič, K., & Dimovski, V. (2019) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2019.101578 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Crossan, M. M., Vera, D. M., & Pathak, S. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190090883.003.0026 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Shao, Y., Nijstad, B. A., & Täuber, S. (2019) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.01.008 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Huang, X., Yang, F., Zheng, J., Feng, C., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Asia Pacific Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.04.004 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Ardito, L., Petruzzelli, A. M., Dezi, L., & Castellano, S. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.043 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Networks, ecosystems, fields, market systems? Making sense of the business environment
Möller, K., Nenonen, S., & Storbacka, K. (2020) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.07.013 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Carayannis, E. G., Dezi, L., Gregori, G., & Calò, E. D. (2021) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-021-00763-4 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the east
Li, P. P. (2016) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-10-2015-0137 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
The influence of CEO power on explorative and exploitative organizational innovation
Sariol, A. M., & Abebe, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.016 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Vahlne, J., & Jönsson, A. (2016) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.05.006 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Becoming Salient: The TMT Leader’s Role in Shaping the Interpretive Context of Paradoxical Tensions
Knight, E. R. W., & Paroutis, S. (2016) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840616640844 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
How Is Ambidexterity Initiated? The Emergent Charter Definition Process
Zimmermann, A., Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2015) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2015.0971 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Learning to Be a Paradox-Savvy Leader
Waldman, D. A., & Bowen, D. E. (2016) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2015.0070 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Modelling Bounded Rationality in Organizations: Progress and Prospects
Puranam, P., Stieglitz, N., Osman, M., & Pillutla, M. M. (2015) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2015.1024498 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
CEO cognitive flexibility, information search, and organizational ambidexterity
Kiss, A. N., Libaers, D. P., Barr, P. S., Wang, T., & Zachary, M. A. (2020) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3192 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Ojha, D., Acharya, C., & Cooper, D. (2018) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.01.001 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Corporate innovation strategy and stock price crash risk
Jia, N. (2018) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2018.10.006 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Organizational Ambidexterity: A Review and Research Agenda
Chakma, R., Paul, J., & Dhir, S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3114609 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Unlocking the recipe for organizational resilience: A review and future research directions
Su, W., & Junge, S. (2023) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2023.03.002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
A theoretical perspective on organizational culture and digitalization
Grover, V., Tseng, S.-L., & Pu, W. (2022) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2022.103639 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Smith, P. M., & Beretta, M. (2020) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12548 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Camilleri, M., Troise, C., Strazzullo, S., & Bresciani, S. (2023) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3377 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Heredia, J., Geldés, C., Kunc, M. H., & Flores, A. (2018) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2018.02.012 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Organizational learning ambidexterity and openness, as determinants of SMEs' innovation performance
Tian, H., Dogbe, C. S. K., Pomegbe, W. W. K., Sarsah, S. A., & Otoo, C. O. A. (2020) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-05-2019-0140 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Performance measurement systems as generators of cognitive conflict in ambidextrous firms
Bedford, D. S., Bisbe, J., & Sweeney, B. (2018) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2018.05.010 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Partanen, J., Kohtamäki, M., Patel, P. C., & Parida, V. (2019) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.08.005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Trieu, H. D. X., Nguyen, P. V., Nguyen, T. T., Vu, H. M., & Tran, K. T. (2023) · Asia Pacific Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.03.004 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
On the Mitigability of Uncertainty and the Choice between Predictive and Nonpredictive Strategy
Packard, M. D., & Clark, B. B. (2019) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0198 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Wang, X., & Dass, M. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.019 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Green ambidexterity and environmental performance: The role of green human resources
García, M. Ú., Marco‐Lajara, B., Zaragoza‐Sáez, P., Manresa‐Marhuenda, E., & Poveda‐Pareja, E. (2021) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2171 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
University research and knowledge transfer: A dynamic view of ambidexterity in british universities
Sengupta, A., & Ray, A. (2017) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.03.008 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Molina, M. Á. S., Espallardo, M. H., & Orejuela, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.001 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Employee-driven digital innovation: A systematic review and a research agenda
Opland, L. E., Pappas, I. O., Engesmo, J., & Jaccheri, L. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.038 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Organizing public sector AI adoption: Navigating between separation and integration
Selten, F., & Klievink, B. (2024) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2023.101885 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Ambidextrous organization and agility in big data era
Rialti, R., Marzi, G., Silić, M., & Ciappei, C. (2018) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-07-2017-0210 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Exploring the Role of Leadership in Enabling Contextual Ambidexterity
Havermans, L. A., Hartog, D. N. D., Keegan, A. E., & Uhl‐Bien, M. (2015) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21764 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Fu, N., Flood, P. C., Bosak, J., Rousseau, D. M., Morris, T., & O’Regan, P. (2015) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21767 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Marcon, A., & Ribeiro, J. L. D. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120965 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Organizational dynamism and adaptive business model innovation: The triple paradox configuration
Ricciardi, F., Zardini, A., & Rossignoli, C. (2016) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.154 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The transformation of professional selling: Implications for leading the modern sales organization
Cuevas, J. M. (2018) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.12.017 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Dynamic capabilities, operational changes, and performance outcomes in the media industry
Jantunen, A., Tarkiainen, A., Chari, S., & Oghazi, P. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.037 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Effects of an Advancing Tenure on CEO Cognitive Complexity
Graf-Vlachy, L., Bundy, J., & Hambrick, D. (2020) · Organization science (Providence, R.I.) · doi:10.1287/orsc.2019.1336 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Software Startups - A Research Agenda
Unterkalmsteiner, M., Abrahamsson, P., Wang, X., Nguyen‐Duc, A., Shah, S. M. A., Bajwa, S. S., Baltes, G. H., Conboy, K., Cullina, E., Dennehy, D., et al. (2016) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · doi:10.5277/e-inf160105 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
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Paradox, Dialectics or Trade‐Offs? A Double Loop Model of Paradox
Berti, M., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2022) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12899 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm competitive advantage
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Ambidexterity and organizational learning: revisiting and reconnecting the literatures
Brix, J. (2019) · The Learning Organization · doi:10.1108/tlo-02-2019-0034 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The impact of ambidexterity on supply chain flexibility fit
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Rampa, R., & Agogué, M. (2021) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12423 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The Role of Ambidexterity in Managing Buyer–Supplier Relationships: The Toyota Case
Aoki, K., & Wilhelm, M. (2017) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2017.1156 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Resource ambidexterity through alliance portfolios and firm performance
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Drivers of sustainable business model innovations. An upper echelon theory perspective
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Organisational effectiveness and agility
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- Authors
- O'Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Perspectives
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 324-338
- ISSN
- 1558-9080 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4529
- OpenAlex
- W1962572544
- Cited by
- 2,580
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 369 · 2025: 283 · 2024: 222 · 2023: 263 · 2022: 248 · 2021: 257 · 2020: 228 · 2019: 209 · 2018: 170 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 206.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Perspectives (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Organizational Management and Leadership
- Keywords
- organizational ambidexterity, exploration and exploitation, innovation management, technology markets, organizational learning, research agenda
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