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Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational and Psychological Climate: Pitfalls in Multilevel Research
Abstract
Organizational and psychological climate research has been plagued by cross-level inference problems. This paper advocates treating the organization as the unit of theory for organizational climate while preserving the individual as the unit of theory for psychological climate. It examines multilevel conceptual problems in climate research and discusses strategies/or improving the validity and assessing the reliability of measurement. Additional multilevel research on climate and other areas of organizational science, particularly organizational culture, is encouraged.
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“ICC(1), indicating the ratio of between-group variance to total variance was 0.21, indicating a high score (Bliese, 2000;James, 1982).ICC(2), indicating the reliability of average peer perceptions, was 0.81, also representing a high value (Glick, 1985).Thus, our approach to aggregate the peer ratings can be justified.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Glick, W. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glick, William H.
- Venue
- The Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1985-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 601
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986225750
- Cited by
- 1,286
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Management and Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Business and International Management › Global and Cross-Cultural Management
- Keywords
- organizational climate, psychological climate, multilevel analysis, unit of analysis, measurement validity, measurement reliability, organizational culture
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