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Cited by 1,286Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Management and InnovationGlobal and Cross-Cultural Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational and Psychological Climate: Pitfalls in Multilevel Research

Glick, William H.·1985·The Academy of Management Review
DOI 10.5465/amr.1985.4279045
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Abstract

Organizational and psychological climate research has been plagued by cross-level inference problems. This paper advocates treating the organization as the unit of theory for organizational climate while preserving the individual as the unit of theory for psychological climate. It examines multilevel conceptual problems in climate research and discusses strategies/or improving the validity and assessing the reliability of measurement. Additional multilevel research on climate and other areas of organizational science, particularly organizational culture, is encouraged.

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Crossref · 10.2307/258140

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Metadata

Authors
Glick, W. H.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
Glick, William H.
Venue
The Academy of Management Review
Publisher
Academy of Management
Published
1985-07
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
601
ISSN
0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.5465/amr.1985.4279045
OpenAlex
W1986225750
Cited by
1,286
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 80
FWCI
8.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Management and Innovation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Business and International Management › Global and Cross-Cultural Management
Keywords
organizational climate, psychological climate, multilevel analysis, unit of analysis, measurement validity, measurement reliability, organizational culture

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