Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,077

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

You Say Illegal, I Say Legitimate: Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy

Open access
Webb, Justin W., Tihanyi, Laszlo, Ireland, R. Duane, Sirmon, David G.·2009·Academy of Management Review

Abstract

The entrepreneurial process drives economic activities in the formal economy; however, little is known theoretically about how the entrepreneurial process works in the informal economy. To address this theoretical gap, we employ a multilevel perspective integrating entrepreneurship theory (microlevel) with institutional (macrolevel) and collective identity (mesolevel) theories to examine the role institutions and collective identity play in the recognition and exploitation of opportunities in the informal economy. Additionally, we explore factors that influence the transition to the formal economy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5465/amr.2009.40632826

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 83

  1. Akers R. L., 1979, American Sociological Review, 44, 636, 10.2307/2094592 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Aldrich H., 1986, The art and science of entrepreneurship:, 3
  3. Aldrich H. E., 2001, The entrepreneurship dynamic: Origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries:, 207
  4. Aldrich H. E., 1994, Academy of Management Review, 19, 645, 10.5465/amr.1994.9412190214 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Ashforth B. E., 1989, Academy of Management Review, 14, 20, 10.5465/amr.1989.4278999 · DOI
  6. Bickford S., 1999, American Journal of Political Science, 43, 86, 10.2307/2991786 · DOI
  7. Bletzer K. V., 2003, Ethnology, 42, 209, 10.2307/3773801 · DOI
  8. Bornstein A. S., 2001, Human Organization, 60, 298, 10.17730/humo.60.3.bqqwen2r01h6t8aq · DOI
  9. Burke P. J., 1991, American Sociological Review, 56, 836, 10.2307/2096259 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Bygrave W. D., 1991, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 13, 10.1177/104225879201600203 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Casson M., 1982, The entrepreneur
  12. Castells M., 1989, The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less developed countries:, 11
  13. Chaffin J., 2007, Financial Times, 18
  14. Clemens E. S., 1999, Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 441, 10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.441 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Cloward R. A., 1959, American Sociological Review, 24, 164, 10.2307/2089427 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Davis D. W., 2004, American Journal of Political Science, 48, 28, 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00054.x · DOI · Paper page
  17. DiMaggio P. J., 1983, American Sociological Review, 48, 147, 10.2307/2095101 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Dowling J., 1975, Pacific Sociological Review, 18, 122, 10.2307/1388226 · DOI
  19. Dutton J. E., 1994, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 263, 10.2307/2393235 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Fadahunsi A., 2002, Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 397, 10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00073-8 · DOI
  21. Feige E. L., 1990, World Development, 18, 989, 10.1016/0305-750X(90)90081-8 · DOI
  22. Flynn D. K., 1997, American Ethnologist, 24, 311, 10.1525/ae.1997.24.2.311 · DOI
  23. Freear J., 1995, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7, 85, 10.1080/08985629500000005 · DOI
  24. Gaglio C. M., 2001, Small Business Economics, 16, 95, 10.1023/A:1011132102464 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Gaughan J. P., 1987, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 493, 15, 10.1177/0002716287493001002 · DOI
  26. Givon M., 1995, Journal of Marketing, 59, 29, 10.2307/1252012 · DOI
  27. Glynn M. A., 2000, Academy of Management Review, 25, 726, 10.5465/amr.2000.3707700 · DOI
  28. Grant D., 1998, Discourse and organization, 10.4135/9781446280270 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Green M., 2002, Ohio State Law Journal, 63, 799
  30. International Labour Organization., 2002, Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture
  31. Jepperson R. L., 1991, The new institutionalism in organizational sociology:, 143
  32. Johnson C., 2006, Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 53, 10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123101 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Kang S., 2006, Wall Street Journal, 21, B5
  34. Karush S., 2007, Associated Press, 25
  35. Kirzner I. M., 1979, Perception, opportunity, and profit
  36. Konstantinov Y., 1996, American Ethnologist, 23, 762, 10.1525/ae.1996.23.4.02a00050 · DOI
  37. Kotabe M., 1990, Journal of Marketing, 54, 19, 10.2307/1251867 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Kreiner G. E., 2004, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 1, 10.1002/job.234 · DOI
  39. Lawrence T. B., 2002, Academy of Management Journal, 45, 281, 10.2307/3069297 · DOI
  40. Lounsbury M., 2001, Strategic Management Journal, 22, 545, 10.1002/smj.188 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Meglino B. M., 1998, Journal of Management, 24, 351, 10.1177/014920639802400304 · DOI
  42. Menn J., 2003, All the rave: The rise and fall of Shawn Fanning's Napster
  43. Merriden T., 2001, Irresistible forces: The business legacy of Napster and the growth of the underground internet
  44. Miller D., 2005, Entrepreneurship: The Blackwell encyclopedia of management:, 66
  45. Nahapiet J., 1998, Academy of Management Review, 23, 242, 10.5465/amr.1998.533225 · DOI · Paper page
  46. O'Reilly C.A., 1986, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 492, 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492 · DOI
  47. Ozgen E., 2007, Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 174, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.001 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Pessar P. R., 1995, Human Organization, 54, 383, 10.17730/humo.54.4.t513672663608h87 · DOI
  49. Phan P. H., 2004, Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 617, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.09.001 · DOI
  50. Polletta F., 2001, Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 283, 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.283 · DOI
  51. Porter M. E., 1985, Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance
  52. Portes A., 2005, The handbook of economic sociology, 403
  53. Portes A., 1989, American Sociological Review, 54, 929, 10.2307/2095716 · DOI
  54. Priest G. L., 1994, Yale Law Journal, 103, 2259, 10.2307/797047 · DOI
  55. Raijman R., 2001, Human Organization, 60, 47, 10.17730/humo.60.1.emtq4bq4c70tqyqr · DOI
  56. Robichaud D., 2004, Academy of Management Review, 29, 617, 10.5465/amr.2004.14497614 · DOI · Paper page
  57. Rokeach M., 1973, The nature of human values
  58. Safran W., 2003, Political Science Quarterly, 118, 437, 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00401.x · DOI
  59. Sanders J. M., 1987, American Sociological Review, 52, 745, 10.2307/2095833 · DOI
  60. Sarason Y., 2006, Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 286, 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.007 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Sarasvathy S. D., 2001, Academy of Management Review, 26, 243, 10.5465/amr.2001.4378020 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Schneider F., 2002, Paper presented at a Workshop of Australian National Tax Centre
  63. Schoonhoven C. B., 2001, The entrepreneurship dynamic: Origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries:, 383
  64. Scott W. R., 1995, Institutions and organizations
  65. Sellin T., 1963, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 347, 12, 10.1177/000271626334700103 · DOI
  66. Shane S., 2000, Organization Science, 11, 448, 10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Shane S., 2000, Academy of Management Review, 25, 217
  68. Sine W. D., 2005, Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 200, 10.2189/asqu.2005.50.2.200 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Singh R. P., 2000, Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition through social networks
  70. Sirmon D. G., 2007, Academy of Management Review, 32, 273, 10.5465/AMR.2007.23466005 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Suchman M. C., 1995, Academy of Management Review, 20, 571, 10.5465/amr.1995.9508080331 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Suchman M. C., 2001, The entrepreneurship dynamic: Origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries:, 349
  73. Turner J. C., 1975, European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 5, 10.1002/ejsp.2420050102 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Van Auken H., 2004, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9, 145
  75. Villar M., 1994, Human Organization, 53, 263, 10.17730/humo.53.3.fl2h66567ww815w2 · DOI
  76. Weber M., 1978, Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology
  77. Wiegand B., 1994, Social Forces, 73, 135, 10.1093/sf/73.1.135 · DOI
  78. Williams C. C., 2006, The hidden enterprise culture: Entrepreneurship in the underground economy, 10.4337/9781847201881 · DOI
  79. Wilson K., 1980, American Journal of Sociology, 86, 295, 10.1086/227240 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Winborg J., 2000, Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 235, 10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00055-5 · DOI · Paper page
  81. Yu T. F.-L., 2001, Review of Austrian Economics, 14, 47, 10.1023/A:1007855505727 · DOI
  82. Zimmerman A., 2006, Wall Street Journal, 25, A1
  83. Zimmerman M. A., 2002, Academy of Management Review, 27, 414, 10.5465/amr.2002.7389921 · DOI

Cited by

See all 1,077

Metadata

Authors
Webb, J. W., Tihanyi, L., Ireland, R. D., & Sirmon, D. G.
Venue
Academy of Management Review
Published
2009-07
Volume
34
Issue
3
Pages
492-510
ISSN
  • 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
  • 1930-3807
OpenAlex
W2146475189
Cited by
1,077
References
4
FWCI
47.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.