Acute and 28-day subchronic toxicity studies of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone isolated from Mangifera indica L. stem bark
Open accessAbstract
Context: Pharmacological properties of mangiferin have been reported, but few studies have investigated mangiferin toxicity. Aims: To study the acute and 28-day toxicity effects of mangiferin in rodents. Methods: Single doses of mangiferin were administered by oral or i.p. route or were applied dermally to Sprague-Dawley rats and Balb/C mice. Clinical symptoms of animals were observed during 14 days after treatment. Animals also received single oral doses daily for 28 consecutive days. Blood biochemistry, hematology and pathology findings were reported. Results: In the acute study, no toxic effects were observed after dermal exposure to mangiferin 2000 mg/kg but transient dyspnea, flank position and piloerection were observed after oral administration to this xanthone. I.p. administration induced similar toxicity signs, but at the highest dose (2000 mg/kg) all mice, one female rat and one male rat died. Rats orally treated with mangiferin (250-1000 mg/kg) for 28 days did not show any abnormal clinical signs or hematology alterations, when compared to control group animals. Histopathological alterations like vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and increment of apoptosis of the acinar cells were observed in the exocrine pancreas of rats at 1000 mg/kg. This suggesting that exocrine pancreas was the target organ for mangiferin’s toxicity. Conclusions: These studies indicated that acute and subchronic toxicities of mangiferin for oral exposure are low.
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Mango leaf extracts rich in MGF inhibit gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram-negative pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp.).
“Extracts from mango leaves, which are rich in MGF, have shown inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram-negative pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp.) (114,152,153).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [114]
The Introduction and Discussion describe mangiferin from mango stem bark and its toxicity, not antibacterial activity of leaf extracts. Searches for mango leaves, antibacterial activity, and the named bacteria found no passage addressing the claimed inhibition. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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“…mango leaves, which are rich in MGF, have shown inhibitory activity against gram‑positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae ) and gram‑negative patho‑ gens ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp.) (114,152,153).”
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- Authors
- Prado, Y., Merino, N., Acosta, J., Herrera, J. A., Luque, Y., Hernández, I., Prado, E., Garrido, G., Delgado, R., & Rodeiro, I.
- Affiliations
- Polytechnic José Antonio Echeverría (CU)
- University of Havana (CU)
- Universidad Católica del Norte (CL)
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de medicamentos (CU)
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research
- Publisher
- Garval Editorial Ltda.
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-23
- ISSN
- 0719-4250 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4298335010
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
- Keywords
- mangiferin, xanthones, mango, stem bark, acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, skin toxicity, oral toxicity, exocrine pancreas, pancreatic acinar cells, apoptosis, hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology
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