Gallic acid indanone and mangiferin xanthone are strong determinants of immunosuppressive anti-tumour effects of Mangifera indica L. bark in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells
Abstract
Vimang is a standardized extract derived from Mango bark (Mangifera Indica L.), commonly used as anti-inflammatory phytomedicine, which has recently been used to complement cancer therapies in cancer patients. We have further investigated potential anti-tumour effects of glucosylxanthone mangiferin and indanone gallic acid, which are both present in Vimang extract. We observed significant anti-tumour effects of both Vimang constituents in the highly aggressive and metastatic breast cancer cell type MDA-MB231. At the molecular level, mangiferin and gallic acid both inhibit classical NFκB activation by IKKα/β kinases, which results in impaired IκB degradation, NFκB translocation and NFκB/DNA binding. In contrast to the xanthone mangiferin, gallic acid further inhibits additional NFκB pathways involved in cancer cell survival and therapy resistance, such as MEK1, JNK1/2, MSK1, and p90RSK. This results in combinatorial inhibition of NFκB activity by gallic acid, which results in potent inhibition of NFκB target genes involved in inflammation, metastasis, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis, such as IL-6, IL-8, COX2, CXCR4, XIAP, bcl2, VEGF. The cumulative NFκB inhibition by gallic acid, but not mangiferin, is also reflected at the level of cell survival, which reveals significant tumour cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB231 cells. Altogether, we identify gallic acid, besides mangiferin, as an essential anti-cancer component in Vimang extract, which demonstrates multifocal inhibition of NFκB…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In vitro studies have shown that pretreatment with MGF or its enriched extract Vimang reduces phosphorylation of IKKα and IKKβ without altering their total protein levels.
“In vitro studies have shown that pretreatment with MGF or its enriched extract Vimang reduces the phosphorylation of IKKα and IKKβ without altering their total protein levels (99).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [99]
Mangiferin inhibits expression of RelA and RelB, activates IκB and suppresses phosphorylation of NF-κB kinase, thereby inhibiting transcriptional activity of NF-κB and inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
“It was demonstrated that mangiferin inhibits the expression of RelA and RelB, activates inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κB kinase, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and inducing apoptosis tumor cells (54)(55)(56).”
From Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (Review) (2018) · cites this paper as [54]
Cites
Cancer and the chemokine network
Balkwill, F. (2004) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1388 · Cited by 2,343 · see citing works
Helbig, G., Christopherson, K. W., Bhat-Nakshatri, P., Kumar, S., Kishimoto, H., Miller, K. D., Broxmeyer, H. E., & Nakshatri, H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m300609200 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Guha, S., Ghosal, S., & Chattopadhyay, U. (2009) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000239478 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bai, J., Zhang, Y., Tang, C., Hou, Y., Ai, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Meng, X. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110985 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Mangiferin: A natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders
Imran, M., Arshad, M. S., Butt, M. S., Kwon, J.-H., Arshad, M. U., & Sultan, M. T. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Mangiferin: A xanthonoid with multipotent anti‐inflammatory potential
Saha, S., Sadhukhan, P., & Sil, P. C. (2016) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1292 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Mangiferin and Cancer: Mechanisms of Action
Gold-Smith, F., Fernandez, A., & Bishop, K. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8070396 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (Review)
Du, S., Liu, H., Lei, T., Xie, X., Wang, H., He, X., Tong, R., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9529 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“It was demonstrated that mangiferin inhibits the expression of RelA and RelB, activates inhibitor of NF-κ B (I κ B) and suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κ B kinase, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activity of NF-κ B and inducing apoptosis tumor cells (54-56).”
Morozkina, S. N., Nhung Vu, T. H., Generalova, Y. E., Snetkov, P. P., & Uspenskaya, M. V. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11010079 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
SHI, W., DENG, J., TONG, R., YANG, Y., HE, X., LV, J., WANG, H., DENG, S., QI, P., ZHANG, D., et al. (2016) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.4947 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
RetractedPrado, Y., Merino, N., Acosta, J., Herrera, J. A., Luque, Y., Hernández, I., Prado, E., Garrido, G., Delgado, R., & Rodeiro, I. (2015) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research · doi:10.56499/jppres14.050_3.1.13 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAnti-angiogenic effects of mangiferin and mechanism of action in metastatic melanoma
Delgado-Hernández, R., Hernández-Balmaseda, I., Rodeiro-Guerra, I., Cesar Rodriguez Gonzalez, J., De Wever, O., Logie, E., Declerck, K., Pérez-Novo, C., & Vanden Berghe, W. (2020) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0000000000000647 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Recent Formulation Advances of Mangiferin
Barakat, S., Nasr, M., Ahmed, R. F., Badawy, S., & Mortada, N. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1007/s43450-022-00297-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sarfraz, M., Khan, A., Batiha, G. E.-S., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Ajiboye, B. O., Kamal, M., Ali, A., Alotaibi, N. M., Aaghaz, S., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15164194 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., & Song, S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In vitro studies have shown that pretreatment with MGF or its enriched extract Vimang reduces the phosphorylation of IKK α and IKK β without altering their total protein levels (99).”
- Authors
- García-Rivera, D., Delgado, R., Bougarne, N., Haegeman, G., & Vanden Berghe, W.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Cancer Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-31
- ISSN
- 0304-3835 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031986590
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 23.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Keywords
- gallic acid, mangiferin, mango, Vimang, NF-κB signaling, IκB degradation, MEK1, JNK1/2, MSK1, p90RSK, antitumour activity, apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis, metastasis, herbal medicine
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Survival, Female, Gallic Acid, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Plant Bark, Mangifera, Xanthones, Cell Line, Tumor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
