A multi-step pathway connecting short sleep duration to daytime somnolence, reduced attention, and poor academic performance: an exploratory cross-sectional study in teenagers
Open accessAbstract
Background A multi-step causality pathway connecting short sleep duration to daytime somnolence and sleepiness leading to reduced attention and poor academic performance as the final result can be envisaged. However this hypothesis has never been explored.Objective To explore consecutive correlations between sleep duration, daytime somnolence, attention levels, and academic performance in a sample of school-aged teenagers.Methods We carried out a survey assessing sleep duration and daytime somnolence using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Sleep duration variables included week-days' total sleep time, usual bedtimes, and absolute weekday to-weekend sleep time difference. Attention was assessed by d2 test and by the coding subtest from the WISC-IV scale. Academic performance was obtained from literature and math grades. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the independent relationships between these variables, while controlling for confounding effects of other variables, in one single model. Standardized regression weights (SWR) for relationships between these variables are reported.Results Study sample included 1,194 teenagers (mean age: 15 years; range: 13-17 y). Sleep duration was inversely associated with daytime somnolence (SWR = -0.36, p < 0.01) while sleepiness was negatively associated with attention (SWR = -0.13, p < 0.01). Attention scores correlated positively with academic results (SWR = 0.18, p < 0.01). Daytime somnolence correlated negatively with academic achievements (SWR = -0.16, p < 0.01). The model offered an acceptable fit according to usual measures (RMSEA = 0.0548, CFI = 0.874, NFI = 0.838). A Sobel test confirmed that short sleep duration influenced attention through daytime somnolence (p < 0.02), which in turn influenced academic achievements through reduced attention (p < 0.002).Conclusions Poor academic achievements correlated with reduced attention, which in turn was related to daytime somnolence. Somnolence correlated with short sleep duration.
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Students who do not get enough sleep may be more likely to have attention problems and poor academic performance, although not all research agrees.
“Finally, students who do not get enough sleep also may be more likely to have problems paying attention and poor academic performance,17,21,31–36 although not all research agrees.37,38”
From School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: a Review of the Literature (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Perez-Lloret, S., Videla, A. J., Richaudeau, A., Vigo, D., Rossi, M., Cardinali, D. P., Perez-Chada, D., & On behalf of the Buenos Aires Sleep Disorders Study Group
- Affiliations
- Hospital Universitario Austral (AR)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (AR)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2013-05-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 469-473
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC3629321
- OpenAlex
- W2073488354
- Semantic Scholar
- 24661cf3d4dd1fe6b448f6b6a2a65cdf29f579c5
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 9.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- short sleep duration, daytime somnolence, daytime sleepiness, attention, academic performance, adolescents, sleep deprivation, sleep duration, bedtime, D2 test, causal pathways
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Argentina, Attention, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Causality
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