Sleep Duration and Academic Performance Among Student Pharmacists
Open accessAbstract
Objective To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance among student pharmacists.Methods A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first-year through third-year students at a pharmacy school.Results Questionnaires were completed by 364 student pharmacists (79.4% response rate and 93.8% cooperation rate). More than half of student pharmacists obtained less than 7 hours of sleep at night during a typical school week (54.7%) and a large majority on the night prior to an examination (81.7%). Almost half (47.8%) felt daytime sleepiness almost every day. Longer sleep duration the night prior to an examination was associated with higher course grades and semester grade point averages (GPAs).Conclusion A majority of student pharmacists had suboptimal durations of sleep, defined as fewer than 7 hours. Adequate sleep the night prior to an examination was positively associated with student course grades and semester GPAs.
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Most studies looking at the effects of sleep quality and duration on academic performance have linked longer and better-quality sleep with better academic performance such as school grades and study effort.
“While a few studies report null effects,20,21 most studies looking at the effects of sleep quality and duration on academic performance have linked longer and better-quality sleep with better academic performance such as school grades and study effort.4,6,9–13,22–27”
From Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
The Discussion (page not supplied) reports that longer sleep before an examination was associated with better course grades and semester GPA, and describes consistent findings in other studies. The limitations section (page not supplied) says sleep quality was not measured, though it notes that quality can affect academic performance. The paper does not establish a link with study effort or substantiate the claim about what most studies found. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Zeek, M. L., Savoie, M. J., Song, M., Kennemur, L. M., Qian, J., Jungnickel, P. W., & Westrick, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Westrick, Salisa C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 63
- ISSN
- 0002-9459 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4571043
- OpenAlex
- W2400613232
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- sleep duration, academic performance, pharmacy students, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, exam preparation, grade point average
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Education, Pharmacy, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Pharmacists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Students, Pharmacy, Young Adult
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