Cited by 2,172Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring

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Carney, Colleen E., Buysse, Daniel J., Ancoli-Israel, Sonia, Edinger, Jack D., Krystal, Andrew D., Lichstein, Kenneth L., Morin, Charles M.·2012·Sleep

DOI 10.5665/sleep.1642PMC PMC3250369

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To present an expert consensus, standardized, patient-informed sleep diary. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sleep diaries from the original expert panel of 25 attendees of the Pittsburgh Assessment Conference(1) were collected and reviewed. A smaller subset of experts formed a committee and reviewed the compiled diaries. Items deemed essential were included in a Core sleep diary, and those deemed optional were retained for an expanded diary. Secondly, optional items would be available in other versions. A draft of the Core and optional versions along with a feedback questionnaire were sent to members of the Pittsburgh Assessment Conference. The feedback from the group was integrated and the diary drafts were subjected to 6 focus groups composed of good sleepers, people with insomnia, and people with sleep apnea. The data were summarized into themes and changes to the drafts were made in response to the focus groups. The resultant draft was evaluated by another focus group and subjected to lexile analyses. The lexile analyses suggested that the Core diary instructions are at a sixth-grade reading level and the Core diary was written at a third-grade reading level. CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Sleep Diary was the result of collaborations with insomnia experts and potential users. The adoption of a standard sleep diary for insomnia will facilitate comparisons across studies and advance the field. The proposed diary is intended as a living document which still needs to be tested, refined, and validated.

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Method
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“Self-reported sleep (e.g. sleep duration, onset latency, WASO) was measured using a daily sleep diary, adapted from the Consensus Sleep Diary [64].”
Method
Sleep Perception in Non-Insomniac Healthy Elderly: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Martin, M., Sforza, E., Barthélémy, J., Thomas-Antérion, C., & Roche, F. (2014) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2013.1457 · Cited by 24
Incorporating measures of sleep quality into cancer studies
Redeker, N. S., Pigeon, W. R., & Boudreau, E. A. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2537-0 · Cited by 27
“achieve more consistency, a consensus sleep diary has been developed and proposed for use in insomnia research [82].”
Dose timing of d -cycloserine to augment cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety: Study design and rationale
Hofmann, S. G., Carpenter, J. K., Otto, M. W., Rosenfield, D., Smits, J. A. J., & Pollack, M. H. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.015 · Cited by 27
“The Consensus Sleep Diary was developed among a collaboration of insomnia experts in order to create a standardized assessment of nightly sleep quality [43].”
Method
Predicting sleep hygiene: a reasoned action approach
Tagler, M. J., Stanko, K. A., & Forbey, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12411 · Cited by 30
Anticipated next‐day demand affects the magnitude of the cortisol awakening response, but not subjective or objective sleep
Elder, G. J., Barclay, N. L., Wetherell, M. A., & Ellis, J. G. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12569 · Cited by 27
“During the baseline period (Day 14 to Day 0), participants were instructed to complete self-report sleep diaries (Carney et al., 2012) and to wear actigraphs in order to determine habitual sleep/wake schedules.”
Method
Perinatal Sleep Problems
Wilkerson, A. K., & Uhde, T. W. (2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.04.003 · Cited by 27
Usefulness and utilization of treatment elements from the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for adolescents with an evening circadian preference
Gumport, N. B., Dolsen, E. A., & Harvey, A. G. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103504 · Cited by 27
“A 7-day sleep diary (Carney et al., 2012) was collected over the phone by a trained research assistant at post-treatment, 6month follow-up, and at 12-month follow-up.”
Method
The Scent of a Good Night’s Sleep: Olfactory Cues of a Romantic Partner Improve Sleep Efficiency
Hofer, M. K., & Chen, F. S. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620905615 · Cited by 27
“(1 = very bad/unrested, 7 = very good/rested; items modified from the Consensus Sleep Diary; Carney et al., 2012).”
Background
Light therapy for better mood and insulin sensitivity in patients with major depression and type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm trial
Brouwer, A., van Raalte, D. H., Diamant, M., Rutters, F., van Someren, E. J. W., Snoek, F. J., Beekman, A. T. F., & Bremmer, M. A. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0543-5 · Cited by 25
Targeted memory reactivation to augment treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder
van der Heijden, A. C., van der Werf, Y. D., van den Heuvel, O. A., Talamini, L. M., & van Marle, H. J. F. (2024) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.019 · Cited by 30
Overcoming insomnia: protocol for a large-scale randomised controlled trial of online cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia compared with online patient education about sleep
Kallestad, H., Vedaa, Ø., Scott, J. L., Morken, G., Pallesen, S., Harvey, A. G., Gehrman, P., Thorndike, F. P., Ritterband, L. M., Stiles, T. C., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025152 · Cited by 25
Investigation of the Relationship Between Salivary Cortisol, Training Load, and Subjective Markers of Recovery in Elite Rugby Union Players
Tiernan, C., Lyons, M., Comyns, T., Nevill, A. M., & Warrington, G. D. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0945 · Cited by 26
Optimizing the noninvasive ventilation pathway for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease: a systematic review
Baxter, S. K., Johnson, M., Clowes, M., O’Brien, D., Norman, P. E., Stavroulakis, T., Bianchi, S. M., Elliott, M., McDermott, C. J., & Hobson, E. (2019) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.1080/21678421.2019.1627372 · Cited by 26
Associations between migraine attacks and nightly sleep characteristics among adults with episodic migraine: a prospective cohort study
Vgontzas, A., Li, W., Mostofsky, E., Rueschman, M., Mittleman, M. A., & Bertisch, S. M. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa001 · Cited by 26
“Every morning participants completed the electronic Consensus Sleep Diary [32], which includes questions on sleep timings, quality (very poor, poor, fair, good, very good), awakenings, and medications.”
Background
Non‐pharmacologic treatment of insomnia in primary care settings
Hrehová, L., & Mezian, K. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14084 · Cited by 27
Sleep and neighborhood socioeconomic status: a micro longitudinal study of chronic low-back pain and pain-free individuals
Rumble, D., O’Neal, K., Overstreet, D. S., Penn, T. M., Jackson, P., Aroke, E. N., Sims, A., King, A. L., Hasan, F. N., Quinn, T. L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-021-00234-w · Cited by 26
A pilot feasibility trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia in people with inflammatory bowel disease
Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., Smith, M. T., Aschbrenner, K. A., Haskell, H. G., Speed, B. C., & Siegel, C. A. (2021) · BMJ Open Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000805 · Cited by 26
Effect Evaluation of a School‐Based Intervention Promoting Sleep in Adolescents: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Inhulsen, M. M. R., Busch, V., & van Stralen, M. M. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13175 · Cited by 28
Snoozy: A Chatbot-Based Sleep Diary for Children Aged Eight to Twelve
Aarts, T., Markopoulos, P., Giling, L., Văcărețu, T., & Pillen, S. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC) · doi:10.1145/3501712.3529718 · Cited by 26
Treating postpartum insomnia: a three arm randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy and light dark therapy
Verma, S., Quin, N., Astbury, L., Wellecke, C., Wiley, J. F., Davey, M. J., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Bei, B. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722002616 · Cited by 26
The influence of sexual activity on sleep: A diary study
Oesterling, C., Borg, C., Juhola, E., & Lancel, M. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13814 · Cited by 26
“To assess sleep variables, the Core Consensus Sleep Diary (CCSD; Carney et al., 2012) was utilised.”
Method
Diurnal preference, mood and the response to morning light in relation to polymorphisms in the human clock gene PER3
Turco, M., Biscontin, A., Corrias, M., Caccin, L., Bano, M., Chiaromanni, F., Salamanca, M., Mattei, D., Salvoro, C., Mazzotta, G. M., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06769-w · Cited by 27
Proinflammatory Cytokines, Mood, and Sleep in Interepisode Bipolar Disorder and Insomnia: A Pilot Study With Implications for Psychosocial Interventions
Dolsen, E. A., Soehner, A. M., & Harvey, A. G. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000529 · Cited by 27
Longitudinal Study of Sleep and Internalizing Problems in Youth Treated for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Bai, S., Ricketts, E. J., Thamrin, H., Piacentini, J. C., Albano, A. M., Compton, S. N., Ginsburg, G. S., Sakolsky, D. J., Keeton, C. P., Kendall, P. C., et al. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00582-x · Cited by 30
Comparison of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Chronic Insomnia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Shin, J.-W., Kim, S., Shin, Y. J., Park, B., & Park, S. (2023) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s409981 · Cited by 25
“A 7-day sleep diary was used to assess nighttime symptoms.(18,30) The diary assessed bedtime, lights out time, rise time and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) with sleep onset latency (SOL).”
Method
The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep and glycemic outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Groeneveld, L., Beulens, J. W. J., Blom, M. T., van Straten, A., van der Zweerde, T., Elders, P. J. M., & Rutters, F. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.029 · Cited by 25
The effects of kiwi fruit consumption in students with chronic insomnia symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
Nødtvedt, Ø. O., Hansen, A. L., Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2017) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0095-9 · Cited by 27
More than depression: a multi-dimensional assessment of postpartum distress symptoms before and after a residential early parenting program
Wilson, N., Wynter, K. H., Anderson, C., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Fisher, J., & Bei, B. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2024-8 · Cited by 25
Nurses Consuming Energy Drinks Report Poorer Sleep and Higher Stress
Higbee, M. R., Chilton, J. M., El‐Saidi, M. A., Duke, G., & Haas, B. K. (2019) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945919840991 · Cited by 26
“Poor sleep quality and fewer hours of sleep have been associated with diminished work performance and impaired critical thinking (Carney et al., 2012; Chien et al., 2013), which can negatively impact patient and worker safety.”
Background
A scalable cognitive behavioural program to promote healthy sleep during pregnancy and postpartum periods: protocol of a randomised controlled trial (the SEED project)
Bei, B., Pinnington, D. M., Shen, L., Blumfield, M., Drummond, S. P. A., Newman, L. K., & Manber, R. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2390-8 · Cited by 25
Human-Animal Co-Sleeping: An Actigraphy-Based Assessment of Dogs’ Impacts on Women’s Nighttime Movements
Hoffman, C. L., Browne, M., & Smith, B. P. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10020278 · Cited by 30
“The survey included questions from the Consensus Sleep Diary [31], which is a standardized, commonly used tool that sleep researchers developed for collecting individuals’ daily assessments of their previous night’s sleep quality (e.g. “How many times did you wake up, not counting your final awakening?”).”
MethodInfluential
Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sleep Electroencephalogram Device Use in Adolescents: Observational Study
Lunsford‐Avery, J. R., Keller, C., Kollins, S. H., Krystal, A. D., Jackson, L., & Engelhard, M. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/20590 · Cited by 25
“The daily Consensus Sleep Diary queried previous night bedtime, sleep-onset latency, wake time during the night, time of final awakening, and final rising time [31].”
MethodSelf-citation
Sweating Out the Circadian Rhythm: A Technical Review
Upasham, S., Churcher, N. K. M., Rice, P., & Prasad, S. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c02622 · Cited by 26
“Thinking About Thinking” in Insomnia Disorder: The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep-Related Metacognition
Galbiati, A., Sforza, M., Scarpellino, A., Salibba, A., Leitner, C., D’Este, G., Mombelli, S., Ferini‐Strambi, L., & Castronovo, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705112 · Cited by 28
Validation of the Chinese version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQHK) in Hong Kong Chinese youths
Cheung, F., Ho, A., Chan, J., Li, X., Chan, N., Zhang, J.-H., Ho, C.-S., Wing, Y. K., & Li, S. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2025821 · Cited by 24
“A consensus sleep diary (Carney et al. 2012) was provided to participants, and they were asked to complete the sleep diary immediately after they got up on a daily basis to maximize their recall accuracy.”
Background
Pilot randomized controlled trial of eHealth cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia among Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors
Oswald, L. B., Morales-Cruz, J., Eisel, S. L., Rio, J. D., Hoogland, A. I., Ortiz-Rosado, V., Soto-Lopez, G., Rodriguez-Rivera, E., Savard, J., Castro, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-022-00313-6 · Cited by 27
“Participants were given printed educational content to review as well as blank sleep diaries to complete before each session based on the Consensus Sleep Diary (Carney et al., 2012).”
Method

Authors: Carney, C. E., Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Krystal, A. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M.
Affiliations: Toronto Metropolitan University (CA)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Duke University (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
University of Alabama (US)
Université Laval (CA)
Corresponding author: Carney, Colleen E.
ORCID: Carney, Colleen E.
Buysse, Daniel J.
Edinger, Jack D.
Krystal, Andrew D.
Morin, Charles M.
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 287-302
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1642
PMC: PMC3250369
OpenAlex: W2012435382
Cited by: 2,172
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 199 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 236 · 2021: 249 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 69.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
Sanofi
Johnson and Johnson
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT42504)
National Institute on Aging (K24AG000972, #AG14738, R01AG014738, R01AG008415, AG 00972, AG 08415, AG26177)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL073259, HL-073259)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH#60413, R01MH024652, R01MH067057, MH 24652, R01MH060413, MH67057, R37MH024652, MH30915)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA13574, R01DA013574)
National Cancer Institute (CA 112035, R01CA112035)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR031980)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: sleep diary, insomnia, sleep apnea, expert consensus, standardized assessment tools, focus groups, readability
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Focus Groups, Consensus, Young Adult, Health Records, Personal, Self Report

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The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring

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