Cited by 2,172Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.

The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring

Open access

Carney, Colleen E., Buysse, Daniel J., Ancoli-Israel, Sonia, Edinger, Jack D., Krystal, Andrew D., Lichstein, Kenneth L., Morin, Charles M.·2012·Sleep

DOI 10.5665/sleep.1642PMC PMC3250369

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To present an expert consensus, standardized, patient-informed sleep diary. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sleep diaries from the original expert panel of 25 attendees of the Pittsburgh Assessment Conference(1) were collected and reviewed. A smaller subset of experts formed a committee and reviewed the compiled diaries. Items deemed essential were included in a Core sleep diary, and those deemed optional were retained for an expanded diary. Secondly, optional items would be available in other versions. A draft of the Core and optional versions along with a feedback questionnaire were sent to members of the Pittsburgh Assessment Conference. The feedback from the group was integrated and the diary drafts were subjected to 6 focus groups composed of good sleepers, people with insomnia, and people with sleep apnea. The data were summarized into themes and changes to the drafts were made in response to the focus groups. The resultant draft was evaluated by another focus group and subjected to lexile analyses. The lexile analyses suggested that the Core diary instructions are at a sixth-grade reading level and the Core diary was written at a third-grade reading level. CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Sleep Diary was the result of collaborations with insomnia experts and potential users. The adoption of a standard sleep diary for insomnia will facilitate comparisons across studies and advance the field. The proposed diary is intended as a living document which still needs to be tested, refined, and validated.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5665/sleep.1642

Cites

24 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research
McQuarrie, E. F., & Krueger, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172912 · Cited by 15,489
Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research
Billson, J. M. (1989) · Human Biology · Cited by 8,560
Untitled work
(1997) · Cited by 4,204
Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach.
Funk, S. G., Pedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. (1992) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290248 · Cited by 4,007
Untitled work
(1990) · Cited by 3,957
Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (2006) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-79 · Cited by 2,856
Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia
Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.9.1155 · Cited by 1,206
Self-citation
Nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1172 · Cited by 1,098 · cited 3×
“); and (6) what time of day respondents should complete diary questions (i.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Comparative Meta-Analysis of Pharmacotherapy and Behavior Therapy for Persistent Insomnia
Smith, M. T., Perlis, M. L., Park, A., Smith, M. S., Pennington, J., Giles, D. E., & Buysse, D. J. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.5 · Cited by 863
Self-citation
Progress in behavior modification
Rachman, S. (1984) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(84)90019-6 · Cited by 817

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 26 references

1 of the 26 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Edinger, 2009, Reliability and validity of the Duke Structured Interview for Sleep Disorders for Insomnia Screening, Sleep, 32, A265

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,007

Evaluation and management of insomnia in women with breast cancer
Kwak, A., Jacobs, J., Haggett, D., Jimenez, R., & Peppercorn, J. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05635-0 · Cited by 107
Group vs. Individual Treatment for Acute Insomnia: A Pilot Study Evaluating a “One-Shot” Treatment Strategy
Boullin, P., Ellwood, C., & Ellis, J. G. (2016) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7010001 · Cited by 109
“The Consensus Sleep Diary [46] contains 10 items relating to the previous night’s sleep.”
Background
Validity of Consumer Activity Wristbands and Wearable EEG for Measuring Overall Sleep Parameters and Sleep Structure in Free-Living Conditions
Liang, Z., & Martell, M. A. C. (2018) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-018-0013-1 · Cited by 105
The Natural History of Insomnia: the incidence of acute insomnia and subsequent progression to chronic insomnia or recovery in good sleeper subjects
Perlis, M. L., Vargas, I., Ellis, J. G., Grandner, M. A., Morales, K. H., Gencarelli, A., Khader, W., Kloss, J. D., Gooneratne, N. S., & Thase, M. E. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz299 · Cited by 111
“Items included in the online sleep diary were based on the Consensus Sleep Diary [28].”
Method
Sleep Variability in Military‐Related PTSD: A Comparison to Primary Insomnia and Healthy Controls
Straus, L. D., Drummond, S. P. A., Nappi, C. M., Jenkins, M. M., & Norman, S. B. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21982 · Cited by 112
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): A Primer
Walker, J., Muench, A., Perlis, M. L., & Vargas, I. (2022) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2022110208 · Cited by 106
“Following Session 1, baseline sleep data is collected for 1-2 weeks using a daily sleep diary (while various versions exist, a consensus sleep diary was published in 2012 [3]).”
Method
Treating chronic insomnia in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, sleep restriction therapy, and sleep hygiene education
Drake, C. L., Kalmbach, D. A., Arnedt, J. T., Cheng, P., Tonnu, C. V., Cuamatzi-Castelan, A. S., & Fellman-Couture, C. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy217 · Cited by 114
A Pan-Canadian practice guideline: prevention, screening, assessment, and treatment of sleep disturbances in adults with cancer
as the Sleep Disturbance Expert Panel on behalf of the Cancer Journey Advisory Group of the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Howell, D., Oliver, T. K., Keller-Olaman, S., Davidson, J. R., Garland, S. N., Samuels, C. H., Savard, J., Harris, C. A., Aubin, M., et al. (2013) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-013-1823-6 · Cited by 100
High resolution examination of the role of sleep disturbance in predicting functioning and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: A novel experience sampling study
Mulligan, L. D., Haddock, G., Emsley, R., Neil, S. T., & Kyle, S. D. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000180 · Cited by 101
“The CSD (Carney et al., 2012) was completed by participants each morning to measure subjective sleep parameters.”
MethodInfluential
The Meaning of Sleep Quality: A Survey of Available Technologies
Crivello, A., Barsocchi, P., Girolami, M., & Palumbo, F. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953835 · Cited by 124
“The CSD [44] is the product of collaborations with insom-”
BackgroundInfluential
Graphdiyne-based flexible respiration sensors for monitoring human health
Li, Y., Zhang, M., Hu, X., Yu, L., Fan, X., Huang, C., & Li, Y. (2021) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101214 · Cited by 101
Temporal integration of light flashes by the human circadian system
Najjar, R. P., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci82306 · Cited by 99
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems
Cheong, M. J., Kim, S., Kim, J. S., Lee, H., Lyu, Y.-S., Lee, Y. R., Jeon, B., & Kang, H.-W. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000024652 · Cited by 115
“(2) Polysomnography (PSG)([21]) test measures the physiological changes that occur during sleep by measuring the EEG, EMG, ECG, snoring, respiration, and diagnoses of the disorder (3) The sleep diary([22,23]) used to measure the patient’s sleep habits, sleep hygiene, and sleep problems for 2 weeks, and to evaluate the…”
Method
Effects of rumination and worry on sleep
Tousignant, O. H., Taylor, N. D., Suvak, M. K., & Fireman, G. D. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.09.005 · Cited by 97
Psychological correlates of poor sleep quality among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hyun, S., Hahm, H. C., Wong, G. T. F., Zhang, E., & Liu, C. H. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.009 · Cited by 104
“As well, the myriad of COVID-19related concerns may lead to ruminative thinking or increased efforts in problem-solving, both known to disrupt both routines and sleep quality [40].”
Background
Bidirectional associations between daily PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances: A systematic review
Slavish, D. C., Briggs, M., Fentem, A., Messman, B., & Contractor, A. A. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101623 · Cited by 99
Improvements of adolescent psychopathology after insomnia treatment: results from a randomized controlled trial over 1 year
de Bruin, E. J., Bögels, S. M., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12834 · Cited by 95
Pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja: A smartphone application for adolescent insomnia symptoms
Werner-Seidler, A., Wong, Q., Johnston, L., O’Dea, B., Torok, M., & Christensen, H. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026502 · Cited by 82
A randomized controlled trial of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) to improve serious mental illness outcomes in a community setting.
Harvey, A. G., Dong, L., Hein, K., Yu, S. H., Martinez, A. J., Gumport, N. B., Smith, F. L., Chapman, A., Lisman, M., Mirzadegan, I. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000650 · Cited by 108
Self-citation
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet Intervention for Adults with Insomnia: Effects on Comorbid Psychological and Fatigue Symptoms
Thorndike, F. P., Ritterband, L. M., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Lord, H. R., Ingersoll, K. S., & Morin, C. M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22032 · Cited by 95
“Relevant for the primary sleep outcomes for the RCT, participants completed 10 online sleep diary entries (Carney et al., 2012) within a 2-week period before the intervention period.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Better Quality Sleep Promotes Daytime Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Pain? A Multilevel Analysis of the Within-Person Relationship
Tang, N. K. Y., & Sanborn, A. N. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092158 · Cited by 103
“The use of the daily diary methodology, electronic or paperbased, is widely applied to the study of sleep and pain [46,47].”
Method
The Sleep and Recovery Practices of Athletes
Doherty, R., Madigan, S. M., Nevill, A. M., Warrington, G. D., & Ellis, J. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041330 · Cited by 133
“It has been recommended that sleep diaries should be completed for a duration of 1 week [68,153].”
Background
Sleep-Related Safety Behaviors and Dysfunctional Beliefs Mediate the Efficacy of Online CBT for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lancee, J., Eisma, M. C., van Straten, A., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1026386 · Cited by 98
“We used a Dutch translation of the consensus sleep diary (Carney et al., 2012).”
Method
A Transdiagnostic Intervention for Youth Sleep and Circadian Problems
Harvey, A. G. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.06.001 · Cited by 98
Insomnia in adult patients with cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline
Grassi, L., Zachariae, R., Caruso, R., Palagini, L., Campos-Ródenas, R., Riba, M. B., Lloyd-Williams, M., Kissane, D., Rodin, G., McFarland, D., et al. (2023) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102047 · Cited by 96
“The ICSD uses the same criteria as DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, but emphasises that people who report sleep-related symptoms in the absence of daytime impairment are not regarded as having an insomnia disorder.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Claudino, J. G., Gabbett, T. J., Souza, H. D. S., Simim, M. A. D. M., Fowler, P., Borba, D. D. A., de Melo, M. A. C., Bottino, A., Loturco, I., D’Almeida, V., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000475 · Cited by 99
Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Efficacy of an Unguided Online Intervention with Automated Feedback for the Treatment of Insomnia
Lorenz, N., Heim, E., Rötger, A., Birrer, E., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000486 · Cited by 90
We know CBT-I works, now what?
Muench, A., Vargas, I., Grandner, M. A., Ellis, J. G., Posner, D. A., Bastien, C., Drummond, S. P. A., & Perlis, M. L. (2022) · Faculty Reviews · doi:10.12703/r/11-4 · Cited by 105
Acupuncture for chemotherapy-associated insomnia in breast cancer patients: an assessor-participant blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial
Zhang, J., Qin, Z., So, T. H., Chang, T. Y. A., Yang, S.-C., Chen, H., Yeung, W., Chung, K., Chan, P. Y., Huang, Y., et al. (2023) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-023-01645-0 · Cited by 103
“Actiwatch [42] (Spectrum Plus, Philips Respironics, USA) and Sleep Diary [43] were used to record sleep onset latency (SOL), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE).”
Method
Design of Digital Workplace Stress-Reduction Intervention Systems: Effects of Intervention Type and Timing
Howe, E. S., Suh, J., Morshed, M. B., McDuff, D., Rowan, K., Hernandez, J., Abdin, M., Ramos, G., Tran, T., & Czerwinski, M. P. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502027 · Cited by 90
“The morning survey included questions from the Census Sleep Diary [10], and the evening survey captured food and beverage intake throughout the day.”
Background
Monitoring healthy and disturbed sleep through smartphone applications: a review of experimental evidence
Fino, E., & Mazzetti, M. (2018) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-018-1661-3 · Cited by 87
Maternal Sleep in Pregnancy and Postpartum Part I: Mental, Physical, and Interpersonal Consequences
Christian, L. M., Carroll, J., Teti, D. M., & Hall, M. H. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-0999-y · Cited by 96
Physiology of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin
Aulinas, A. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 90
How many hours do you sleep? A comparison of subjective and objective sleep duration measures in a sample of insomnia patients and good sleepers
Benz, F., Riemann, D. W., Domschke, K., Spiegelhalder, K., Johann, A. F., Marshall, N. S., & Feige, B. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13802 · Cited by 90
“A more precise method of measuring sleep duration subjectively might be through sleep diaries that are currently considered the goldstandard concerning the subjective assessment of sleep (Carney et al., 2012).”
Method
Telehealth Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Co‐Occurring Insomnia and Depression Symptoms in Older Adults
Lichstein, K. L., Scogin, F. R., Thomas, S. J., DiNapoli, E. A., Dillon, H. R., & McFadden, A. C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22030 · Cited by 88
“The following measures are reported: Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS), Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and the Working Alliance InventoryObserver Rating Form (WAI-O).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Internet and In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Taylor, D. J., Peterson, A. L., Pruiksma, K. E., Young‐McCaughan, S., Nicholson, K. L., & Mintz, J. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx075 · Cited by 88
“Sleep Diaries Daily sleep diaries were used to prospectively derive average sleep parameters (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, wake time after sleep onset, sleep quality, and sleep efficiency [TST/time in bed × 100]) over the course of a week.(62) The baseline sleep diary was used to…”
Method
Trajectories of change and long-term outcomes in a randomised controlled trial of internet-based insomnia treatment to prevent depression
Batterham, P. J., Christensen, H. M., Mackinnon, A. J., Gosling, J. A., Thorndike, F. P., Ritterband, L. M., Glozier, N., & Griffiths, K. M. (2017) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.005231 · Cited by 85
A flexible humidity sensor based on self-supported polymer film
Guan, X., Yu, Y., Hou, Z., Wu, K., Zhao, H., Liu, S., Fei, T., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2022.131438 · Cited by 87
Weekly brief phone support in self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia disorder: Relevance to adherence and efficacy
Ho, F. Y., Chung, K., Yeung, W., Ng, T. H., & Cheng, S. K.-W. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.002 · Cited by 86
“Primary outcome Sleep efficiency (SE), a summary index of insomnia, defined as (TST/TIB 100%), based on a standard sleep diary averaged across 1 week (Carney et al., 2012).”
Method
Sleeping for Two: An Open-Pilot Study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Pregnancy
Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M., Clayborne, Z. M., Rouleau, C. R., & Campbell, T. S. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1141769 · Cited by 86
“Dependent variables derived from the sleep diary included TST, time in bed (TIB), SE, SOL, and number of awakenings (Carney et al., 2012).”
Method
Validity, potential clinical utility, and comparison of consumer and research‐grade activity trackers in Insomnia Disorder I: In‐lab validation against polysomnography
Kahawage, P., Jumabhoy, R., Hamill, K., de Zambotti, M., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12931 · Cited by 86
“Participants completed a nine‐item sleep diary, based on the Consensus Diary (Carney et al., 2012), the morning after the over‐ night sleep study.”
Method
Bright light therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial
Rutten, S., Vriend, C., Smit, J. H., Berendse, H. W., van Someren, E. J. W., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Twisk, J. W. R., van der Werf, Y. D., & van den Heuvel, O. A. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007090 · Cited by 85
A systematic review of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia implemented in primary care and community settings
Cheung, J. M. Y., Jarrin, D. C., Ballot, O., Bharwani, A. A., & Morin, C. M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.11.001 · Cited by 88
Self-citation
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of nurse-delivered sleep restriction therapy for insomnia in primary care (HABIT): a pragmatic, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Kyle, S. D., Siriwardena, A. N., Espie, C. A., Yang, Y., Petrou, S., Ogburn, E., Begum, N., Maurer, L., Robinson, B., Gardner, C., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00683-9 · Cited by 87
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia has sustained effects on insomnia, fatigue, and function among people with chronic heart failure and insomnia: the HeartSleep Study
Redeker, N. S., Yaggi, H. K., Jacoby, D. L., Hollenbeak, C. S., Breazeale, S., Conley, S., Hwang, Y., Iennaco, J. D., Linsky, S., Nwanaji-Enwerem, U., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab252 · Cited by 86
Improving stress and positive mental health at work via an app-based intervention: a large-scale multi-center randomized control trial
Weber, S., Lorenz, C., & Hemmings, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02745 · Cited by 74
Insomnia and Other Sleep Disorders in Older Adults
Cohen, Z. L., Eigenberger, P., Sharkey, K. M., Conroy, M. L., & Wilkins, K. M. (2022) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2022.07.002 · Cited by 92
Clinical Management of Insomnia Disorder
Buysse, D. J., Rush, A. J., & Reynolds, C. F. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.15683 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Suvorexant ameliorated sleep disturbance, opioid withdrawal, and craving during a buprenorphine taper
Huhn, A. S., Finan, P. H., Gamaldo, C. E., Hammond, A. S., Umbricht, A., Bergeria, C. L., Strain, E. C., & Dunn, K. E. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8238 · Cited by 79
Overnight worsening of emotional distress indicates maladaptive sleep in insomnia
Wassing, R., Benjamins, J. S., Talamini, L. M., Schalkwijk, F., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2019) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy268 · Cited by 78
“” In addition, to characterize sleep and insomnia complaints, participants filled out the Insomnia Severity Index [29] once, and the Consensus Sleep Diary [31] every morning during the protocol (Figure 1).”
Method
Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder
Kaplan, K. A., McGlinchey, E. L., Soehner, A. M., Gershon, A., Talbot, L. S., Eidelman, P., Gruber, J., & Harvey, A. G. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002918 · Cited by 84
“2002; Morin & Espie, 2003) and is considered the ‘gold standard’ subjective measure of sleep (Buysse et al. 2006; Carney et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMethod
Nurse-Guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in General Practice: Results from a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
van der Zweerde, T., Lancee, J., Slottje, P., Bosmans, J. E., Someren, E. J. W. V., & van Straten, A. (2020) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000505600 · Cited by 81
The Consensus Sleep Diary
Natale, V., Léger, D., Bayon, V., Erbacci, A., Tonetti, L., Fabbri, M., & Martoni, M. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000177 · Cited by 75
“To solve this lack of standardization, in 2005, a workgroup was created to develop a standardized sleep diary which has been published recently: the Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD).(12) Three versions of the final CSD have been put forward, based on input from a large group of insomnia experts, and on focus groups of indi…”
Method
Differential effects of bifrontal tDCS on arousal and sleep duration in insomnia patients and healthy controls
Frase, L., Selhausen, P., Krone, L. B., Tsodor, S., Jahn, F., Feige, B., Maier, J. G., Mainberger, F., Piosczyk, H., Kühn, M., et al. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.01.001 · Cited by 82
Multidimensional sleep health domains in older men and women: an actigraphy factor analysis
Wallace, M. L., Yu, L., Buysse, D. J., Stone, K. L., Redline, S. S., Smagula, S. F., Stefanick, M. L., Kritz‐Silverstein, D. C., & Hall, M. H. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa181 · Cited by 73
“In contrast, sleep diary provides habitual, daily monitoring of subjective sleep and thus could plausibly capture all six proposed Ru-SATED domains [49, 50].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Pediatric sleep problems: A clinician's guide to behavioral interventions.
Meltzer, L. J., & Crabtree, V. M. (2015) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14645-000 · Cited by 74
Self-Medication for Sleep in College Students: Concurrent and Prospective Associations With Sleep and Alcohol Behavior
Goodhines, P. A., Gellis, L. A., Kim, J., Fucito, L. M., & Park, A. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2017.1357119 · Cited by 75
“In the absence of a standardized measure for sleep aid use, we utilized items from the Consensus Sleep Diary (Carney et al., 2012), modified wording appropriately for each substance, and adapted the response timeline for the past 2 weeks for consistency with the Insomnia Severity Index (Bastien, Vallieres, & Morin, 20…”
MethodInfluential
Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia and Sleep Disturbances in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
Lunsford‐Avery, J. R., Bidopia, T., Jackson, L., & Sloan, J. S. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.08.006 · Cited by 80
Cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia in primary care: a systematic review of sleep outcomes
Davidson, J. R., Dickson, C., & Han, H. (2019) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp19x705065 · Cited by 78
Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Glioma Surgery
Hamer, P. C. D. W., Klein, M., Hervey‐Jumper, S. L., Wefel, J. S., & Berger, M. S. (2020) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neuros/nyaa365 · Cited by 73
Increased hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in insomnia
Leerssen, J., Wassing, R., Ramautar, J. R., Stoffers, D., Lakbila‐Kamal, O., Perrier, J., Bruijel, J., Foster‐Dingley, J. C., Aghajani, M., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.006 · Cited by 72
“The ID group had a higher ISI (t(126)= 14.35, p=2.2e−16), longer subjective SOL (CSD: t(96)= 4.39, p=3.0e−05), longer WASO (CSD: t(96)= 6.69, p=1.5e−9; PSG: t (104)= 3.09, p= .003), shorter TST (CSD: t(96)=−8.24, p=8.6e−13; PSG: t(104)=−2.7, p= .007), and lower SE (CSD: t (96)=−8.72, p=8.1e−14; PSG: t(104)=−3.35, p= .…”
MethodInfluential
Profile of Somryst prescription digital therapeutic for chronic insomnia: overview of safety and efficacy
Morin, C. M. (2020) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2020.1852929 · Cited by 66
“derived sleep metrics (eg, SOL, WASO, frequency of awakenings, total sleep time, sleep efficiency) [40].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Expert Opinions and Consensus Recommendations for the Evaluation and Management of Insomnia in Clinical Practice: Joint Statements of Five Italian Scientific Societies
Palagini, L., Manni, R., Aguglia, E., Amore, M., Brugnoli, R., Girardi, P., Grassi, L. G., Mencacci, C., Plazzi, G., Minervino, A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00558 · Cited by 72
Wake High-Density Electroencephalographic Spatiospectral Signatures of Insomnia
Colombo, M. A., Ramautar, J. R., Wei, Y., Gómez-Herrero, G., Stoffers, D., Wassing, R., Benjamins, J. S., Tagliazucchi, E., van der Werf, Y. D., Cajochen, C., et al. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5744 · Cited by 71
Multimodal Ambulatory Sleep Detection Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
Sano, A., Chen, W. '., Lopez-Martinez, D., Taylor, S., & Picard, R. W. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2867619 · Cited by 73
“Sleep diaries and questionnaires [23] also have several drawbacks, namely users’ adherence and reporting bias [23], [24].”
Sleep and Organizational Behavior: Implications for Workplace Productivity and Safety
Pilcher, J. J., & Morris, D. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00045 · Cited by 92
“Individuals record relevant information before and after a night of sleep, including when they believe themselves to have fallen asleep, how long they slept, and how often they awoke during the night (Carney et al., 2012).”
Background
Subjective and objective sleep differ in male and female collegiate athletes
Carter, J. R., Gervais, B. M., Adomeit, J. L., & Greenlund, I. M. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.016 · Cited by 69
Better sleep, better life? testing the role of sleep on quality of life
Kudrnáčová, M., & Kudrnáč, A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282085 · Cited by 69
Disturbances of sleep quality, timing and structure and their relationship with other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: Insights from studies in patient populations and animal models
Winsky‐Sommerer, R., de Oliveira, P., Loomis, S., Wafford, K. A., Dijk, D., & Gilmour, G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.027 · Cited by 69
Psychological Hibernation in Antarctica
Sandal, G. M., van deVijver, F., & Smith, N. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02235 · Cited by 69
Changes in Sleep Problems and Psychological Flexibility following Interdisciplinary Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: An Observational Cohort Study
Daly-Eichenhardt, A., Scott, W., Howard-Jones, M., Nicolaou, T., & McCracken, L. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01326 · Cited by 69
Insomnia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Lindner, A. V., Novák, M., Bohra, M., & Mucsi, I. (2015) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.06.007 · Cited by 68
Interpersonal factors in insomnia: A model for integrating bed partners into cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Rogojanski, J., Carney, C. E., & Monson, C. M. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.02.003 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
When Thinking Impairs Sleep: Trait, Daytime and Nighttime Repetitive Thinking in Insomnia
Lancee, J., Eisma, M. C., van Zanten, K. B., & Topper, M. (2015) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1083022 · Cited by 73
Nightly sleep duration, fragmentation, and quality and daily risk of migraine
Bertisch, S. M., Li, W., Buettner, C., Mostofsky, E., Rueschman, M., Kaplan, E. R., Fung, J., Huntington, S., Murphy, T., Stead, C., et al. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000008740 · Cited by 69
Myopia, or near-sightedness, is associated with delayed melatonin circadian timing and lower melatonin output in young adult humans
Chakraborty, R., Micic, G., Thorley, L., Nissen, T. R., Lovato, N., Collins, M. J., & Lack, L. C. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa208 · Cited by 66
Managing Acute Insomnia in Prison: Evaluation of a “One-Shot” Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) Intervention
Randall, C., Nowakowski, S., & Ellis, J. G. (2018) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2018.1518227 · Cited by 71
“The Consensus Sleep Diary (Carney et al., 2012) was used throughout the present study.”
Method
Sleep Well and Recover Faster with Less Pain—A Narrative Review on Sleep in the Perioperative Period
Sipilä, R. M., & Kalso, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10092000 · Cited by 70
“Keeping a sleep diary is a widely used method of assessing subjective sleep measures, and its standardized use has been proposed [66,67].”
BackgroundMethod
Mode of Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial of Digital or Face-to-Face Therapy
Kallestad, H., Scott, J. L., Vedaa, Ø., Lydersen, S., Vethe, D., Morken, G., Stiles, T. C., Sivertsen, B., & Langsrud, K. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab185 · Cited by 64
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Insomnia Coach Mobile App to Assess Its Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy
Kuhn, E. R., Miller, K. E., Puran, D., Wielgosz, J., YorkWilliams, S. L., Owen, J. E., Jaworski, B. K., Hallenbeck, H. W., McCaslin, S. E., & Taylor, K. L. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.11.003 · Cited by 64
Measuring physical activity in older adults: calibrating cut-points for the MotionWatch 8©
Landry, G. J., Falck, R. S., Beets, M. W., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00165 · Cited by 70
Cost-Effectiveness of Group and Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
de Bruin, E. J., van Steensel, F. J. A., & Meijer, A. M. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.6024 · Cited by 66
Sleep and cognitive function in chronic stroke: a comparative cross-sectional study
Falck, R. S., Best, J. R., Davis, J. C., Eng, J. J., Middleton, L. E., Hall, P. A., & Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz040 · Cited by 64
Electroacupuncture Plus Auricular Acupressure for Chemotherapy-Associated Insomnia in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Zhang, J., Qin, Z., So, T. H., Chen, H., Lam, W. L., Yam, L. L., Chan, P. Y., Lao, L., & Zhang, Z. (2021) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/15347354211019103 · Cited by 66
Recent advances in sleep and depression
Mirchandaney, R., Asarnow, L. D., & Kaplan, K. A. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000837 · Cited by 71
“Sleep in depression is typically measured either by retrospective self-report, collecting prospective data via a sleep diary [30] or inferred from rest and activity patterns via actigraphy.”
Method
The Influence of Environmental Factors on Sleep Quality in Hospitalized Medical Patients
Bano, M., Chiaromanni, F., Corrias, M., Turco, M., Rui, M. D., Amodio, P., Merkel, C., Gatta, A., Mazzotta, G. M., Costa, R., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00267 · Cited by 67
The Short-Term Efficacy of an Unguided Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial With a Six-Month Nonrandomized Follow-Up
Hagatun, S., Vedaa, Ø., Nordgreen, T., Smith, O. R. F., Pallesen, S., Havik, O. E., Bjorvatn, B., Thorndike, F. P., Ritterband, L. M., & Sivertsen, B. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2017.1301941 · Cited by 61
“Participants in both groups were asked to complete online sleep diaries (Carney et al., 2012; Lichstein & Riedel, 1994; Morin, 1993) before and after the nine-week intervention period.”
Background
Cannabis and alcohol use for sleep aid: A daily diary investigation.
Goodhines, P. A., Gellis, L. A., Ansell, E. B., & Park, A. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000765 · Cited by 63
“—Selected items from the Expanded Consensus Sleep Diary for Morning (Carney et al., 2012) were used, including poor sleep quality rating (“How would you rate the quality of your sleep?”; responses options: 0 [very good] to 5 [very poor]), sleep duration (“In total, how long did you sleep?”; responses scaled to hours),…”
Method
Effects of integrated telehealth-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and insomnia in rural older adults.
Scogin, F. R., Lichstein, K. L., DiNapoli, E. A., Woosley, J. A., Thomas, S. J., LaRocca, M. A., Byers, H. D., Mieskowski, L., Parker, C. P., Yang, X. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000121 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Mothers' postpartum sleep disturbance is associated with the ability to sustain sensitivity toward infants
King, L. S., Rangel, E., Simpson, N. S., Tikotzky, L., & Manber, R. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.017 · Cited by 68
Investigating the effect of acute sleep deprivation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis response to a psychosocial stressor
Vargas, I., & Lopez‐Duran, N. L. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.030 · Cited by 62
The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters
Slavish, D. C., Asbee, J., Veeramachaneni, K., Messman, B., Scott, B., Sin, N. L., Taylor, D. J., & Dietch, J. R. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa053 · Cited by 70
A Web-Based Application for Personalized Ecological Momentary Assessment in Psychiatric Care: User-Centered Development of the PETRA Application
Bos, F. M., von Klipstein, L., Emerencia, A. C., Veermans, E., Verhage, T., Snippe, E., Doornbos, B., Hadders-Prins, G., Wichers, M., & Riese, H. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/36430 · Cited by 70
“The full lists of EMA items are available in item S9 in Multimedia Appendix 1 [16-18,22,23,26,37,42,47,50-72] (Bos, F, unpublished data, May 2022; Jenner, JGL, unpublished data, October 2006; Bringmann, L, unpublished data, January 2021).”
Dysmenorrhea, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep
Woosley, J. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2013) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2013.829020 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Improving perinatal sleep via a scalable cognitive behavioural intervention: findings from a randomised controlled trial from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum
Bei, B., Pinnington, D. M., Quin, N., Shen, L., Blumfield, M., Wiley, J. F., Drummond, S. P. A., Newman, L. K., & Manber, R. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721001860 · Cited by 64
“Secondary outcomes include: DSM-5 Insomnia Disorder (without duration criteria) status from the DSISD (Edinger et al., 2009), self-report sleep patterns over the past week [total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE)] from a modified Consensus Sleep Diary (Carney et al., 2012), sleep-related impairment (e.g., sle…”
Method
Effects of exercise on sleep among young women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Herring, M. P., Kline, C. E., & O’Connor, P. J. (2015) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2015.09.002 · Cited by 61
“Diaries are considered the “gold standard” for subjective sleep assessment (Carney et al., 2012) and are modestly correlated with objective measures of sleep (e.”
Background
Effect of Melatonin on Cognitive Function and Sleep in relation to Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Hansen, M. V., Madsen, M. T., Andersen, L. T., Hageman, I., Rasmussen, L. S., Bokmand, S., Rosenberg, J., & Gögenür, I. (2014) · International Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.1155/2014/416531 · Cited by 64
“SLEEP DIARY The sleep diary is regarded as the gold standard for subjective sleep assessment, although lack of a standardized and widely used sleep diary has compromised the ability to fully interpret and integrate results from previous studies [117].”
Method
Adverse Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Adolescents' Sleep and Vigilance
Medina, D., Ebben, M. R., Milrad, S. F., Atkinson, B., & Krieger, A. C. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4938 · Cited by 59
Individual Differences in Sleep Timing Relate to Melanopsin-Based Phototransduction in Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults
van der Meijden, W. P., van Someren, J. L., Lindert, B. H. W. T., Bruijel, J., van Oosterhout, F., Coppens, J. E., Kalsbeek, A., Cajochen, C., Bourgin, P., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5858 · Cited by 60
Isolating the role of time in bed restriction in the treatment of insomnia: a randomised, controlled, dismantling trial comparing sleep restriction therapy with time in bed regularisation.
Maurer, L., Espie, C., Omlin, X., Reid, M. J., Sharman, R., Gavriloff, D., Emsley, R., & Kyle, S. (2020) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa096 · Cited by 47

Authors: Carney, C. E., Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Krystal, A. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M.
Affiliations: Toronto Metropolitan University (CA)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Duke University (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
University of Alabama (US)
Université Laval (CA)
Corresponding author: Carney, Colleen E.
ORCID: Carney, Colleen E.
Buysse, Daniel J.
Edinger, Jack D.
Krystal, Andrew D.
Morin, Charles M.
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 287-302
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1642
PMC: PMC3250369
OpenAlex: W2012435382
Cited by: 2,172
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 199 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 236 · 2021: 249 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 69.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
Sanofi
Johnson and Johnson
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT42504)
National Institute on Aging (K24AG000972, #AG14738, R01AG014738, R01AG008415, AG 00972, AG 08415, AG26177)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL073259, HL-073259)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH#60413, R01MH024652, R01MH067057, MH 24652, R01MH060413, MH67057, R37MH024652, MH30915)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA13574, R01DA013574)
National Cancer Institute (CA 112035, R01CA112035)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR031980)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: sleep diary, insomnia, sleep apnea, expert consensus, standardized assessment tools, focus groups, readability
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Focus Groups, Consensus, Young Adult, Health Records, Personal, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks