Short-term stability of sleep and heart rate variability in good sleepers and patients with insomnia: for some measures, one night is enough
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Quantify the short-term stability of multiple indices of sleep and nocturnal physiology in good sleeper controls and primary insomnia patients. DESIGN: Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to quantify the short-term stability of study outcomes. SETTING: Sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-four adults with primary insomnia (PI) and 22 good sleeper controls (GSC). MEASUREMENTS: Visually scored sleep outcomes included indices of sleep duration, continuity, and architecture. Quantitative EEG outcomes included power in the delta, theta, alpha, sigma, and beta bands during NREM sleep. Power spectral analysis was used to estimate high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV) and the ratio of low- to high-frequency HRV power during NREM and REM sleep. RESULTS: With the exception of percent stage 3+4 sleep; visually scored sleep outcomes did not exhibit short-term stability across study nights. Most QEEG outcomes demonstrated short-term stability in both groups. Although power in the beta band was stable in the PI group (ICC = 0.75), it tended to be less stable in GSCs (ICC = 0.55). Both measures of cardiac autonomic tone exhibited short-term stability in GSCs and PIs during NREM and REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Most QEEG bandwidths and HRV during sleep show high short-term stability in good sleepers and patients with insomnia alike. One night of data is, thus, sufficient to derive reliable estimates of these outcomes in studies focused on group differences or correlates of QEEG and/or HRV. In contrast, one night of data is unlikely to generate reliable estimates of PSG-assessed sleep duration, continuity or architecture, with the exception of slow wave sleep.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sleep duration can vary substantially over time, and there is little information on how individuals account for such variation in their reports.
“However, sleep duration can vary substantially over time,118–120 and there is little information on how individuals account for such variation in their reports.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148 · see citing works
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 23,433 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Electrophysiology, T. F. O. T. E. S. O. C. T. N. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.5.1043 · Cited by 17,159 · see citing works
Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use
Malik, M., Bigger, J. T., Camm, A. J., Kleiger, R. E., Malliani, A., Moss, A. J., & Schwartz, P. J. (1996) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868 · Cited by 15,289 · see citing works
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Hu, R. J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,167 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 6,530 · see citing works
Pagani, M., Lombardi, F., Guzzetti, S., Rimoldi, O., Furlan, R., Pizzinelli, P., Sandrone, G., Malfatto, G., Dell'Orto, S., & Piccaluga, E. (1986) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.59.2.178 · Cited by 4,130 · see citing works
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., Ninan, P. T., Kornstein, S., Manber, R., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01866-8 · Cited by 3,829 · see citing works
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8 · Cited by 3,668 · see citing works
Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Benca, R. M. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080059010 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works
Measurement reliability and agreement in psychiatry
Shrout, P. E. (1998) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029800700306 · Cited by 1,211 · see citing works
THE FIRST NIGHT EFFECT: AN EEG STUDYOF SLEEP
Agnew, H. W., Webb, W. B., & Williams, R. L. (1966) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02650.x · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms
Friesen, G. M., Jannett, T. C., Jadallah, M. A., Yates, S. L., Quint, S. R., & Nagle, H. T. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.43620 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry
Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00136-0 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and sleep-disordered breathing on sleep architecture
Redline, S., Kirchner, H. L., Quan, S. F., Gottlieb, D. J., Kapur, V., & Newman, A. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.4.406 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Monk, T. H., Reynolds, C. F., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Coble, P. A., HAYES, A. J., Machen, M. A., PETRIE, S. R., & Ritenour, A. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00114.x · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Self-citationHeart rate variability, sleep and sleep disorders
Stein, P. K., & Pu, Y. (2011) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.005 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199809000-00017 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Heart rate variability: sleep stage, time of night, and arousal influences
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1997) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0921-884x(96)96070-1 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Acute Stress Affects Heart Rate Variability During Sleep
Hall, M. H., Vasko, R., Buysse, D. J., Ombao, H., Chen, Q., Cashmere, J. D., Kupfer, D. J., & Thayer, J. F. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000106884.58744.09 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual Differences in Adult Human Sleep and Wakefulness: Leitmotif for a Research Agenda
Dongen, H. P. A. V., Vitellaro, K. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.4.479 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Symptoms of Stress and Depression as Correlates of Sleep in Primary Insomnia
Hall, M. H., Buysse, D. J., Nowell, P. D., Nofzinger, E. A., Houck, P. R., Reynolds, C. F., & Kupfer, D. J. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200003000-00014 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationTonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness
Makeig, S., & Jung, T. (1996) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0926-6410(95)00042-9 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
An electroencephalographic fingerprint of human sleep
De Gennaro, L., Ferrara, M., Vecchio, F., Curcio, G., & Bertini, M. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.020 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Dose-related sleep disturbances induced by coffee and caffeine
Karacan, I., Thornby, J. I., Anch, A. M., Booth, G. H., Williams, R. L., & Salis, P. J. (1976) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1976206682 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
ETHNIC ISSUES IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Crawford, P. B., Story, M., Wang, M. C., Ritchie, L. D., & Sabry, Z. I. (2001) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70345-x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Trait-like individual differences in the human sleep electroencephalogram
Buckelmüller, J., Landolt, H.-P., Stassen, H. H., & Achermann, P. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.005 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Trait interindividual differences in the sleep physiology of healthy young adults
Tucker, A. M., Dinges, D. F., & Dongen, H. P. A. V. (2007) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00594.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Individual 'Fingerprints' in Human Sleep EEG Topography
Finelli, L. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00320-7 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Muscle artifacts in the sleep EEG: Automated detection and effect on all‐night EEG power spectra
Brunner, D. P., Vasko, R., Detka, C., MONAHAN, J., Reynolds, C. F., & Kupfer, D. J. (1996) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1996.00009.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Words and pseudowords elicit distinct patterns of 30-Hz EEG responses in humans
Lutzenberger, W., Pulvermüller, F., & Birbaumer, N. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90884-2 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Heart rate variability during sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder
Mellman, T. A., Knorr, B. R., Pigeon, W. R., Leiter, J. C., & Akay, M. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.018 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Hall, M. H., Thayer, J. F., Germain, A., Moul, D. E., Vasko, R., Puhl, M. D., Miewald, J. M., & Buysse, D. J. (2007) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402000701263221 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Sleep EEG as a Marker of Intellectual Ability in School Age Children
Geiger, A., Huber, R., Kurth, S., Ringli, M., Jenni, O. G., & Achermann, P. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.2.181 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Functional EEG topography in sleep and waking: state-dependent and state-independent features
Tinguely, G., Finelli, L. A., Landolt, H.-P., Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.017 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Sleep Complaints in Older Adults: A Racial Comparison
Blazer, D. G., Hays, J. C., & Foley, D. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.5.m280 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Financial strain is a significant correlate of sleep continuity disturbances in late-life
Hall, M. H., Buysse, D. J., Nofzinger, E. A., Reynolds, C. F., Thompson, W. K., Mazumdar, S., & Monk, T. H. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.012 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationEthnic Differences in Self-Reported Sleep Problems in Older Adults
Jean‐Louis, G., Magai, C., Cohen, C. I., Zizi, F., von Gizycki, H., DiPalma, J. R., & Casimir, G. J. (2001) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.8.926 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Situational insomnia: consistency, predictors, and outcomes
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.1029 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Sleep and Sleepiness in Young Individuals with High Burnout Scores
Söderström, M., Ekstedt, M., Åkerstedt, T., Nilsson, J., & Axelsson, J. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1369 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Apprehension of the subsequent working day is associated with a low amount of slow wave sleep
Kecklund, G., & Åkerstedt, T. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Heterocyclic amphetamine derivatives and caffeine on sleep in man
Nicholson, A., & Stone, B. (1980) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb05833.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sleep after spousal bereavement: A study of recovery from stress
Reynolds, C. F., Hoch, C. C., Buysse, D. J., Houck, P. R., Schlernitzauer, M., Pasternak, R. E., Frank, E., Mazumdar, S., & Kupfer, D. J. (1993) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90068-o · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationHall, M. H., Buysse, D. J., Dew, M. A., Prigerson, H. G., Kupfer, D. J., & Reynolds, C. F. (1997) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1997)6:3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationByrd, W. M., & Clayton, L. A. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203950784 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Progress in Clinical Psychology
Kotkov, B. (1968) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(68)71867-3 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Evaluation of First Night Effect using Ambulatory Monitoring and Automatic Sleep Stage Analysis
Sharpley, A. L., Solomon, R. A., & Cowen, P. J. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.3.273 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Dee, D. L., Bensyl, D. M., Gindler, J., Truman, B. I., Allen, B., D'Mello, T. A., Pérez, A., Kamimoto, L., Biggerstaff, M., Blanton, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.03.002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Traub, R. E., & ROWLEY, G. L. (1991) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.1991.tb00183.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Are there ethnic differences in sleep architecture?
Profant, J., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2002) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10032 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Wiklund, U., Olofsson, Franklin, K. A., Blom, Bjerle, & Niklasson (2000) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00251.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Irwin, M. R., Valladares, E. M., Motivala, S. J., Thayer, J. F., & Ehlers, C. L. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195743.60952.00 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Walker, J. M., Floyd, T. C., Fein, G., Cavness, C., Lualhati, R., & Feinburg, I. (1978) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1978.44.6.945 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Imai, Y., Abe, K., Sasaki, S., Mxnami, N., Munakata, M., Sekino, H., Nihei, M., & YOSHINAGA, K. (1990) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/3.4.293 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Rao, U., Poland, R. E., Lutchmansingh, P., Ott, G. E., McCracken, J. T., & Lin, K. (1999) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(99)00019-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pneumonia Treatment and Mortality
Hausmann, L. R. M., Ibrahim, S. A., Mehrotra, A., Nsa, W., Bratzler, D. W., Mor, M. K., & Fine, M. J. (2009) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181a80fdc · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Stability over time of short-term heart rate variability
Tarkiainen, T. H., Timonen, K. L., Tiittanen, P., Hartikainen, J. E. K., Pekkanen, J., Hoek, G., Ibald-Mulli, A., & Vanninen, E. J. (2005) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-005-0302-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Merica, H., & Gaillard, J. (1985) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/8.3.261 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Effects on sleep stages and EEG power density of different degrees of exercise in fit subjects
Torsvall, L., Åkerstedt, T., & LINDBECK, G. (1984) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(84)90158-5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Trait-Like Characteristics of the Sleep EEG across Adolescent Development
Tarokh, L., Carskadon, M. A., & Achermann, P. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5533-10.2011 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
NCME Instructional Module: Understanding Reliability.
Traub, R. E., & ROWLEY, G. L. (1991) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Changes in EEG Power Density During Sleep Laboratory Adaptation
Toussaint, M., Luthringer, R., Schaltenbrand, N., Nicolas, A., Jacqmin, A., Carelli, G., Gresser, J., Muzet, A. G., & Macher, J. P. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.12.1201 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Does Paced Breathing Improve the Reproducibility of Heart Rate Variability Measurements?
Kobayashi, H. (2009) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.2114/jpa2.28.225 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sleep Following Sustained Exercise
Browman, C. P. (1980) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb02300.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Power spectral analysis of EEG in a multiple-bedroom, multiple-polygraph sleep laboratory
VASKOJR, R., Brunner, D. P., Monahan, J. T., JACKDOMAN, Boston, J. R., El-Jaroudi, A., Miewald, J. M., Buysse, D. J., REYNOLDSIII, C., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(97)00064-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationPardo, Y., Merz, C. N. B., Paul-Labrador, M. J., Velasquez, I., Gottdiener, J. S., Kop, W. J., Krantz, D. S., Rozanski, A., Klein, J., & Peter, T. C. (1996) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00458-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vitiello, M. V., Larsen, L. H., Moe, K. E., et al. (1996) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.4.304 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Effect of Blood Pressure Cuff Inflation on Sleep A Polysomnographic Examination
Dimsdale, J. E., Coy, T. V., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Clausen, J. L., & Berry, C. C. (1993) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/6.10.888 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
REM sleep in depression is influenced by ethnicity
Poland, R. E., Rao, U., Lutchmansingh, P., McCracken, J. T., Lesser, I. M., Edwards, C., Ott, G. E., & Lin, K. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00080-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Bauer, T. T., Ewig, S., fer, H. S. A., Jelen, E., Omran, H., & deritz, B. L. (2008) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000177144 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fries, R., Hein, S., & nig, J. K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Buckelmuller J, Landolt HP, Stassen HH, Achermann P. Trait-like indi- vidual differences in the human sleep EEG. Neuroscience 2006;138:351-6.
- Pardo Y, Merz CN, Paul-Labrador M, et al. Heart rate variability repro- ducibility and stability using commercially available equipment in coro- nary artery disease with daily life myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:866-70.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Panel, C. C., Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4886 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Self-citationMorin, C. M., Drake, C. L., Harvey, A. G., Krystal, A. D., Manber, R., Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.26 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4950 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Self-citationAddressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease?
Grandner, M. A. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911148 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…ammation (Jain et al., 2012; Laugsand et al., 2012; Motivala, 2011; Okun et al., 2011), impaired heart rate variability (De Zambotti et al., 2011; Israel et al., 2012; Spiegelhalder et al., 2011; Stein & Pu, 2012), and other risk factors (Balbo et al., 2010; Lattova et al., 2011; Laugsand et…”
BackgroundKrafty, R. T., Fu, H., Graves, J. L., Bruce, S. A., Hall, M. H., & Smagula, S. F. (2019) · Statistics in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12561-018-09230-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Israel, B., Buysse, D. J., Krafty, R. T., Begley, A., Miewald, J., & Hall, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Martica
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1285-1291
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3413806
- OpenAlex
- W1964973114
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 11.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HL082610, HL104607)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL104607, HL082610, R01HL104607, T32HL082610)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH024652, MH024652, R37MH024652)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 000056, M01RR000056, UL1RR024153)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- primary insomnia, short-term stability, intra-class correlation, sleep architecture, sleep continuity, sleep duration, quantitative EEG, EEG spectral analysis, heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic tone, NREM sleep, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, good sleepers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Polysomnography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
