Are there ethnic differences in sleep architecture?
Abstract
The possibility of ethnic differences in sleep architecture was initially examined in conjunction with studies of sleep apnea (study 1). This possibility was then examined in another cohort of patients to determine whether the results might generalize (study 2). Polysomnography was obtained in both cohorts as part of larger protocols investigating sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure, and sleep. Sleep monitoring took place in an inpatient clinical research center of a university hospital. Study 1 focused on sleep apnea physiology and involved volunteers with sleep apnea who were otherwise healthy. Study 2 focused on differences in stress reactivity between American Black and White subjects and involved hypertensive and normotensive volunteers who were otherwise healthy. Analyses include 61 participants from study 1 and 35 participants from study 2. Ethnicity in both cohorts was determined by self-report. Participants in both studies were monitored during sleep with traditional polysomnography including electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and oximetry. In Study 1, Blacks had longer TST (P < 0.01), more REM sleep (P < 0.05), and less WASO (P < 0.05) than Whites. After controlling for RDI, Blacks had longer TST and spent a smaller percentage of time in deep sleep (P < 0.05). In study 2, Blacks had longer TST and REM sleep, lower percent deep sleep, and lower percent deep sleep controlling for RDI (P < 0.05). In two separate studies, Blacks had longer TST, more minutes of REM, and lower percentage deep sleep. These findings suggest possible ethnic differences in sleep architecture.
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Studies using polysomnography consistently observed lower amounts of slow wave sleep and reduced sleep efficiency among African Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites.
“several studies that used polysomnography (PSG) consistently observed lower amounts of slow wave sleep and reduced sleep efficiency among African Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites [13–16]”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Profant, J., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & Dimsdale, J. E.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Profant, Judi
- ORCID
- Ancoli‐Israel, Sonia
- Venue
- American Journal of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-04-26
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 321-326
- ISSN
- 1042-0533 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6300
- OpenAlex
- W1963496047
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-02711, R01AG002711)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL36005, HL44915, R01HL036005, R01HL044915)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep architecture, ethnic differences, African Americans, sleep apnea, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, stress reactivity, hypertension
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Ethnicity, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Polysomnography, White People
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