Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being

“Wellbeing is associated with possessing and exercising specific human capabilities pertaining to human functioning and without these, an individual may feel they are not experiencing dignified and fulfilling lives (Nussbaum, 2011; Seligman, 2011; Sen, 1993).”

“Incorporating both eudaimonic and hedonic components of well-being is the concept of ‘flourishing’, proposed by Seligman in his PERMA theory [25].”

“This program has explored the PERMA(H) areas of wellbeing and presented some scientifically validated areas to improve wellbeing through self-care practices.”

“All of these students’ stories not only connect to established notions of psychological well-being (see, Seligman, 2011), but they also emphasize the importance of human connection on- and off-campus and inside and outside of class.”

“Seligman recounts psychosocial wellbeing as positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) [7].”

“Given the growing emphasis to examine well-being through a positive psychology lens, rather than a disease model lens (Seligman, 2011), a brief overview of Self Determination Theory is presented to identify the theory’s potential in examining and enhancing EC educators’ workplace wellbeing.”

“On a personal level, everyone wants to be happy (Diener & Oishi, 2000; Howell et al., 2016; Seligman, 2012).”

“Positive emotions reflect the paradigm of positive psychology (Seligman 2011; Seligman and Csíkszentmihályi 2000) and focus exclusively on a child’s positive state of emotion—for example: “I am very happy right now”.”

“Over 40 years ago, Fromm (1973) argued that having a lack of belonging can contribute to human destructiveness; more recent studies in positive psychology (see Seligman, 2002, 2011) posit that happier people have a more rich and fulfilling social lives rooted in a sense of belonging.”

“2011; Seligman 2011).”

“The role of enjoyment could be also investigated in relation to resilience (Fredrickson, 2006) and flourishing (Seligman, 2011).”

“To address this concern, hybrid models such as PERMA (Seligman, 2011), and DRAMMA (Newman et al., 2014), which encapsulate both hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions have been proposed (Laing & Frost, 2017).”

“This balance allows students to allocate sufficient time for studies, social activities, and spiritual activities that enhance their well-being (Seligman, 2011).”

“Seligman (2011) outlined a five-component approach to flourishing that has been widely cited and empirically examined (e.g., de Carvalho et al., 2021).”

“This kind of tendency to look for the positive aspects of difficult situations is close to the concept of an optimistic style of explaining events [24].”

“Despite its conceptual similarities with the core dimensions of the PERMA model (Seligman, 2012) and PWB model (Ryff, 1995; Ryff & Singer, 1996), the PROSPER framework (Noble & McGrath, 2015) advances our understanding of the science of happiness through incorporating two new dimensions of…”

“…with one’s own life, as well as striving toward positive emotions (resilience, self-motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, passion, curiosity, pleasure, enjoyment, and enthusiasm) (Ryan and Deci, 2001; Schimmack and Diener, 2003; Wang et al., 2007; Seligman, 2011; Fomina et al., 2020).”

“For instance, celebrating achievements, promoting positive emotions, cultivating gratitude, and facilitating meaningful relationships are some of the effective ways to enhance teacher well-being (Seligman 2011).”

“org, accessed on 1 October 2021) and the five domains of positive psychology [39,40].”

“This is very much aligned with content typical of Positive Education programmes which underscore the importance of high-quality relationships and pro-social behaviours for wellbeing (Norrish et al., 2013; Seligman, 2011; Vella-Brodrick et al., 2019).”

“For example, Seligman (2012) emphasized the benefits of pursuit of pleasure, meaning, engagement, positive relationships, and accomplishment for well-being.”

“Recently, Seligman (2011) proposed his Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) theory of well-being.”

“Flourishing occurs across contexts and situations extending people beyond happiness to do something valuable (Seligman, 2011).”

“However, they are not asymmetrical as hedonia may also account for long-term moods and dispositions (Huta & Waterman, 2013), while happiness and flourishing may be the result of optimal hedonic and eudaimonic orientations, states, and experiences (Henderson & Knight, 2012; Keyes & Lopez, 2002; Seligman, 2011).”

“feels right illustrates emotional resilience, specifically the capacity to productively handle adversity (Seligman, 2012).”

“Dispositional optimism is linked to positive emotions, supportive relationships, well-being, perseverance, effective problem solving, quality of life, and longevity (Chiesi, Galli, Primi, Innocenti Borgi, & Bonacchi, 2013; Geers, Wellman, & Lassiter, 2009; Huppert & So, 2013; Seligman, 2011).”

“Tenacity is more important than talent in predicting success; tenacity, in fact, amplifies talent and skill, because the latter qualities increase as a consequence of committed practice (Seligman 2011).”

“At its highest levels, freedom provides opportunities for humans to satisfy psychological needs for self-determination and autonomy (Ryan, Huta, & Deci, 2008), identify their strengths, act on these, and consequently flourish (Seligman, 2011) and optimize human potential.”

“Leisure also provides opportunities for social relationships, a key contributor to happiness (Coleman & Iso-Ahola, 1993; Seligman, 2002, 2011).”

“Within the literature, “flourishing” (Keyes, 2002; Seligman, 2012) has been identified as the presence of high levels of mental health and well-being.”

“Adaptive physical activity then, we propose is what we do to ourselves 80 [behaviours] that fosters flourishing in others (Seligman, 2012).”

“As a positive affect, pleasure can reflect the first element of positive psychology (i.e., positive emotion; Seligman 2011).”

“As such, the goal of this research was to examine the role of online activism in wellbeing, defined here as elements of subjective well-being (Diener, 1984) and/or psychological well-being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995; Ryff, 2013; Seligman, 2011).”

“The PERMA theory (Seligman, 2011, 2018) incorporates both aspects and has a validated trait-level measurement instrument, the PERMA-Profiler (Butler & Kern, 2016), therefore we chose this tool as a basis for ours.”

“2011 Seligman (2011) Flourishing: positive emotion,”

“The findings of this review also suggest that music interventions may contribute to experiences of flourishing for family carers (Seligman, 2011).”

“Emotional understanding is widely investigated: (1) emotion recognition is investigated by Eckman [32], a pioneer who defined the six basic emotions (anger, happiness, surprise, disgust, sadness, and fear) focusing on face recognition, (2) positive psychology and research about happiness is investigated by Seligman [10…”

“To obtain knowledge of the elements that lead to achievement and success, it is critical to evaluate people at their best, following PP (Seligman, 2011; Pishghadam et al., 2021) because learners with similar capabilities and preparation may attain equivalent academic success; however, this type of success may differ g…”

“In this context of positive psychology, Seligman [17] has proposed the PERMA model to capture overall well-being.”

“Close, frequent and satisfying relationships constitute a basic human need and are core indicators of the social aspect of wellbeing (Baumeister and Leary, 1995; Ryan and Deci, 2000; Seligman, 2011).”

“Pleasure can also refer to mood states (eg, happiness [77], a feeling of content), which can be maintained by perseverance [78,79], even at the cost of momentary negative affect [80,81].”

“A question taken from the PERMA-Profiler [41] was asked, “Taking all things together, how happy would you say you are?” The PERMA-Profiler is the measure of well-being based on Seligman’s theory [42] and its reliability and validity are confirmed both in English and Japanese versions [43].”

“…engagement is one of the five elements of wellbeing and he argues that increased engagement may lead to Csikszentmihalyi’s (1990a) state of “Flow”, an unusually deep sense of connection with what you are doing, and “the loss of self-consciousness during an adsorbing activity” (Seligman, 2012).”

“This is believed to be an important finding as healthy and functioning family relationships have arguably constituted one of the main elements of a flourishing society (Seligman 2011).”

“This includes motivation theory, emotion theory, and theories of positive psychology, such as flow theory (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), PERMA theory (Seligman, 2011), or broaden and build (Fredrickson, 2004).”

“The present study focuses on understanding the role of happiness on work engagement and bridges the gap on the debate of a happy worker being a productive worker (Seligman, 2011).”

“Pursuing a good and meaningful life is a way to promote happiness (Seligman, 2002, 2011).”

“Life’s meaning is viewed as a core human motivation (Frankl, 1963 ) and is recognized as one of the five essential elements of a thriving life (Seligman, 2011 ).”

“Every student needs to be recognized as a self-determined individual (Wehmeyer & Zhao, 2020) who wants autonomy to engage in activities that have purpose and meaning to others (Seligman, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000).”

“Seligman (2002) has emphasized that commitment to a purpose greater than oneself is at the heart of a meaningful life, and that meaning is one of the most important components of well-being (Seligman, 2011).”

“Therefore, this study explored the impact of internet addiction on mental health [25] as a mediator of PsyCap [8,35].”

“Drawing on Masten et al. (2021) and Seligman (2012), these sub-themes illustrated that, while some adaptive functioning can occur through adjustments made in the absence of risk exposure, post-trauma growth cannot.”

“Another related theory to PWB is the PERMA model proposed by Seligman (2011) which describes five pillars of happiness and well-being.”

“It is characterized by high interest, concentration, and involvement in what one is doing [28, 29, 41].”

“The scale has good model construct validity and reliability [22].”

“Grit enables reaching one’s potential, which accords with another cultural imperative – to ‘flourish’, which can be done successfully only in accordance with one’s true and authentic self (Seligman, 2012).”

“Clinical research in the last few decades shows that people who experience wellbeing—who flourish in the sense of living life to its fullest—depend on emotional and relational factors to achieve a life of happiness and fulfillment [15].”

“Dans cet ordre d’idée, Seligman (2011) affirme que le bien-être puise sa source dans les forces de caractère de chaque personne si elles en prennent conscience, d’où l’importance accordée à la réflexion sur soi dans un objectif de développement personnel qui mène vers la prospérité.”

“While viewed as separate concepts, wellbeing researchers recognise that both are important to understanding wellbeing as a whole (Huta & Waterman, 2014; Seligman, 2012).”

“…Rafael.Calvo@sydney.edu.au 1 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article One way forward is to use indicators of wellbeing identified in positive psychology research to guide and inform design (Seligman 2011).”

“…be linked with psychosocial health and well-being (Delle Fave, Brdar, Wissing, & Vella-Brodrick, 2013; Joshi, Kumari, & Jain, 2008; Ryff, 2012a, b; Ryff & Singer, 1998, 2008; Seligman, 2011; Steger, 2012; Waterman, 2013), and in particular well-being as conceptualised from a eudaimonic perspective.”

“The concept of nöogenic narrative is inspired by positive psychology, principally Frankl (1946/ 2006) and Seligman (2011).”

“It might be that advancing in their position provides them with a sense of purpose and meaning in life and a sense of accomplishing their personal goals (Seligman, 2011; Symeonidou et al., 2019; Pezirkianidis et al., 2020, 2021).”

“Additionally, positive psychology aims to promote wellbeing by enhancing the five key areas of “PERMA” (i.e., Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievement) (Seligman, 2011).”

“On the basis of both ikigai and self-determination literature, we integrated three outputs: well-being, physical health, and performance.”

“15,27,28 34 Seligman 34 argued that well-being cannot be defined by a single measurement dimension, but rather encompasses multiple aspects that can be more easily measured.”

“In line with this broader perspective, the positive psychology framework suggests that addressing mental illness should not be about only minimising suffering but working towards a state of ‘flourishing’ (Seligman, 2011).”

“Regarding the remaining reasons, according to the positive psychology literature (e.g., Seligman, 2011), the participants choosing a quest because it looked interesting, fun, or enjoyable, or choosing a quest because they wanted to reflect on their life suggest that quests have potential to…”

“Happy people, whether alone or in the presence of others, feel satisfied and enjoy their lives and the lives of others (Seligman, 2011).”

“Meaning involves leading a purposeful life and perceiving oneself as part of and/or contributing to something larger than the self (e.g., an organization; Seligman, 2011).”

“Seligman (2011) developed the PERMA model to explain how the pursuit of well‐being can be achieved through a combination of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”

“Positive emotion (affect) simply refers to how we feel (Seligman, 2011): happiness (in the moment) and overall life satisfaction (Kern et al., 2015; Seligman, 2011).”