Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being

“…and momentary increases of well-being to their listeners, that musician is afforded evidential support for believing that they have actually accomplished something (see Music and Accomplishment) and that their actions are meaningful or purposeful (see Music and Meaning; see also Seligman, 2011).”

“In the field of psychological research, a general review of the construct of eudiamonic well-being has recently been offered (Waterman, 2013), and three systematic approaches to this conception of well-being have been prominent: (a) self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000); (b) psychological well-being (Ryff & Si…”

“The PERMA model proposed by Seligman [12] stipulates that happiness and psychological well-being is made up of 5 core components: positive emotions, engagement (similar to the concept of mindfulness), positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishments.”

“To recap, the deductive thematic analysis employed in this study was based on five distinct positive psychological factors derived from previous literature (Seligman 2011).”

“Take, for example, the TGT intervention of Seligman et al. (2005), which concerns gratitude and engages both the Attention and Awareness and Emotions domains.”

“Along the same line, in his seminal work on PP and wellbeing, Seligman (2011) proposed a model which was built of five elements, namely, positive emotion, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA).”

“Nonetheless, a number of measurement instruments have been developed, the most recent of which is the PERMA Profiler [10], which captures Seligman’s five pillars of wellbeing: Positive emotion (experience of positive emotions), Engagement (being immersed in life pursuits), Relationships (having satisfying relationship…”

“Briefly put, positive psychology studies measure and promote the conditions under which individuals, communities and societies can flourish (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000; Fredrickson 2001; Seligman 2011).”

“…programs should, thus, inspire from Seligman’s “PERMA” theory (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement; Seligman, 2011) and include activities that enable the patient to float in their Flow Zone, defined as where the person is at a high level of enjoyment…”

“From a psychological point of view, engagement leads to subjective wellbeing [6], as it allows an individual to enter a flow state [7] and satisfy basic psychological needs of autonomy and competence [8,9].”

“Among the positive emotions, student engagement, which accounts for the E construct of the PERMA framework, is considered a significant booster for academic achievement as well as one of the cornerstones of positive psychology (Seligman, 2011).”

“Subjective well-being is a broad and multidimensional construct (Granziera et al., 2021; Seligman, 2011) for which no clear and widely established de fi nition exists.”

“To this end, further interrogation of Seligman (2011) theory of flourishing may prove a useful point of departure.”

“This is because psychological capacities can expand the development and use of diverse, exploratory, and novel behaviors (Fredrickson, 2001) and aid individuals when facing pressure, adversity, conflict, and failure (Schulman, 1999; Seligman, 2011).”

“Keeping these five elements in mind to guide personal decisions and actions will increase individual well-being (Seligman, 2011).”

“Multiple theories identify aspects of the relational experience as foundational to human development (Bowlby, 1979), motivation (Ryan & Deci, 2000), well-being (Seligman, 2012), and physical and mental health (Umberson & Montez, 2010).”

“Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA).(3) The first element in the PERMA model is posi-”

“atrix using Euclidean norm in order to remove dierences in image counts across counties. We also tried out various extensions of the text tags using external dictionaries such as LIWC [19] and PERMA [24]. We do not report results for these here as they did not lead to improvements, neither applied to human-generated n…”

“‘PERMA’ Design Framework The ‘PERMA’ framework incorporates the theoretical foundations of Pohlmeyer’s [51] ‘Well-being Matrix’ and Seligman’s [52] ‘Well-being Theory’ and is built on the premise that effective, appealing and compelling design can increase adherence to web-based interventions [31].”

“If there is a lack of effectiveness of negative approaches, then positive approaches arise, according to the research conducted by Seligman (2011), that focus on the health of employees.”

“, 2007) Subjective and psychological well-being (validated on students) 14 1-5 To measure all components of well-being and PERMA dimensions (Seligman, 2011)”

“In PERMA (Seligman, 2011), meaning referred to believing that one’s life is valuable and feeling connected to something greater than oneself.”

“In addition, our results emphasize the importance of interventions targeting employees’ well-being based on PERMA theory (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment) (Seligman, 2011).”

“, 2016; Oxford, 2015), has only recently earned researchers’ attention, which has been inspired by advances in positive psychology (Fredrickson, 2009; Seligman, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000).”

“Model 1: Diener’s composite model of flourishing as dependent variable; Model 2: Seligman’s PERMA model of flourishing as dependent variables. β, beta; p, p-value; CI, confidence interval; POS, perceived organizational support; PsyCap, Psychological Capital.”

“One prominent model of well-being that has attracted a vast amount of research worldwide is the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011), which postulates that well-being may be composed of five general components: positive emotions (P), engagement (E), relationships (R), meaning (M), and…”

“Later, in his book Flourish, Seligman (2011) reports certain limitations of the self-report assessment of well-being, which is influenced by the current mood while filling out the questionnaire (Huppert et al. 2009; Seligman 2011) Additionally, authentic happiness stands and falls with life-satisfaction measures and “…”

“Meaning in life concerns the extent to which one feels a sense of purpose (Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006), significance (Frankl, 1963), and a sense that one belongs to something that is bigger than the self (Seligman, 2011).”

“Parents, educators and adults volunteering to provide materials for the SPP benefited from the risk-reframing process designed to incorporate theories of flourishing, positivity and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008; Fredrickson, 1998; Fredrickson & Losada, 2005; Grolnick, 2009; Ryan & Deci, 2000; Seligman,…”

“Work roles and tasks that are congruent with an individual’s values (Waterman, 1993) and/or require the use of an individual’s signature strengths (Seligman, 2011) contribute to experiences of work role fit, psychological meaningfulness and work engagement (May et al., 2004).”

“…of SLA, whether this occurs within the PERMA (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment) framework (cf. Seligman, 2011) or some other paradigm, we should by no means forget about the negative aspects of L2 learning which constitute part and parcel of…”

“The second pillar of meaning-making, in my view, is the pursuit of thriving (Buettner, 2010; Seligman, 2011).”

“It is also related to a reduced function of the individual regarding less social participation, which can lead to greater social isolation and negatively influence mental health and, in turn, be associated with a higher risk of developing mental pathologies [77, 78].”

“Accomplishments (also known as achievements) are considered as strive to the success and mastery and can lead to activation of the other components of PERMA (Seligman, 2011).”

“…virtue ethics in moral philosophy (see e.g. Annas, 2011) and the rise of positive psychology as a psycho-moral and educational paradigm, drawing evermore closely on Aristotelian insights (see e.g. Seligman, 2011), flourishing (eudaimonia) has re-emerged as a popular ideal of the good human life.”

“Activities (like one’s work tasks) that allow the use of the individual signature strengths are expected to be fulfilling and most valued (Harzer and Ruch 2012, 2013; Park and Peterson 2007; Peterson and Seligman 2004; Seligman 2002, 2011).”

“More specifically, we will review empirical studies which examined the relationship of quantitative and qualitative indices of adult friendship with wellbeing within the framework of PERMA theory (Seligman, 2011).”

“Positive emotions refer to hedonic feelings (e.g. pleasure and happiness), which are a predictor of an optimal level of wellbeing (Kern, Waters, Adler, & White, 2014, 2015; Khaw & Kern, 2014; Seligman, 2011).”

“Another commonly used definition of wellbeing as a component of the ‘good life’ is offered by Seligman (2011) in his PERMA model.”

“The most well-known is PERMA: Positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment (Seligman, 2011).”

“Although these are important outcomes, we contend that employee flourishing (Seligman 2011), representing a broader and integrative construct, is capable of enhancing servant leadership theory for several reasons.”

“…positive emotions which enable people to thrive and flourish, instead of focusing on negative emotions related to abnormalities, problems, and mental issues (Csikszentmihalyi & Nakamura, 2011; Hefferon et al., 2017; Seligman, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000; Snyder et al., 2011).”

“…in well-being studies, for example, the Self-Determination Theory (Ryan and Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 2 June 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 700829 Deci, 2000) and the PERMA model (Seligman, 2011, 2018) closely relate to eudaimonic and hedonic philosophies (Lambert et al., 2015).”

“The students completed the PERMA subjective wellbeing scale (Seligman, 2011) and the fixed and growth mindset scales (Dweck, 2006).”

“Moreover, Seligman’s conceptual PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement) model functions as a guide to help individuals find ways to flourish.(13) In addition, positive psychology-based studies in organisations have clarified our understanding of how employees can flourish and achi…”

“Similarly, over 70% of the variation in the single-item global life satisfaction question is driven by the mood we are in at the very moment we are asked the question (Seligman, 2012).”

“It is a state of individual being characterized by good health or wellness and comfort, home life, and personal prosperity (Seligman, 2011).”

“…is often conceptualized in a multidimensional way, for example PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (Seligman 2011), Ryff’s six dimensions of wellbeing: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life, and…”

“…psychological coaching process is focused on aiding clients to become aware of, utilize and develop their unique psychological strengths to reach personal goals (Kauffman, 2006; Linley and Kauffman, 2007; Seligman, 2012; Gordon, 2016) and not to focus on weaknesses (van Zyl and Stander, 2013).”

“When looking at other theories on well-being, multi-dimensional approaches are understood to see more acceptance, like positive emotions, good relationships, flow, meaning, and success (Butler & Kern, 2016; Seligman, 2011)”

“…functioning, life satisfaction, quality of life, and health (Chemali, Chahine, & Naassan, 2008; David, Boniwell, & Conley Ayers, 2013; Diener, Lucas, & Oishi, 2002; Easterlin, 2010; Kahneman, Diener, & Schwarz, 1999; Keyes & Haidt, 2003; Layard, 2006; Lykken, 1999; Seligman, 2011; Veenhoven, 2000).”

“Many of the exercises were geared toward increasing positive emotion and positive ways of interacting with other individuals, similar to some of the components of positive psychotherapy for adults (Seligman, 2011).”

“Another pioneer was Martin Seligman [3], whose book Flourish introduced his PERMA framework (positive emotion, engagement, meaning, positive relationships, accomplishment).”

“Flourishing would thus represent the true gold standard for studies carried out in organizational settings under the umbrella of positive psychology, as it would be the best way to ensure the prevention and reduction of pathological states and the achievement of high levels of adaptive functioning [6].”

“Keyes (2002) and Seligman (2011) average item scores for each component and report them individually (Hone et al., 2014).”

“…the term ‘happiness’ has been used interchangeably with various conceptual manifestations of happiness such as subjective wellbeing (Diener, 1984), psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1989), flourishing (Huppert & So, 2013; Keyes, 2002; Seligman, 2011), and authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002).”

“Seligman (2011) continues this shift in the conflation of these two notions.”

“Goal-attainment and achievement are central to models of wellbeing (Ryan and Deci, 2000; Seligman, 2012), and have been related to emotional wellbeing in empirical research (Schultheiss et al., 2008).”

“Well-being theory, specifically the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) model (Seligman, 2011), has considerable promise as a multidimensional way to understand well-being in students with disabilities, and to serve as a foundation on which to design interventions to help t…”

“This pathway is pursued for its own sake, even when it brings no positive emotion, no meaning, and nothing in the way of positive relationships (Seligman 2011, p. 18).”

“…negative emotions, symptoms of anxiety and depression, but goes further in the same continuum, linking to feeling good, dealing with daily stress adaptively, being self-aware on strengths and potentials, being productive and an active member of society (Keyes 2005, 2010; Seligman 2011; WHO 2001).”

“They proposed that meaningfulness is an essential component of authentic happiness (Seligman 2011); it means that not only subjective happiness in the previous version of positive psychology, which is close to hedonic feelings, but also meaningfulness of life are necessary to achieve more valuable happiness.”

“In more recent shifts in the definition of well-being, Seligman (2011) argues for greater focus on relationships, and accomplishment, while Jayawickreme, Forgeard and Seligman (2012) additionally include positive emotion, engagement and meaning.”

“Positive psychologists have identified positive emotions such as joy, interest, contentment, hope, and love as central to flourishing and well-being (Fredrickson, 2004, 2009; Seligman, 2011).”

“However, if we were to choose the terms of one theory, say Seligman’s PERMA theory of well-being (Seligman, 2011), then we risk seeming to be irrelevant to self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci, 2017) or broaden-and-build theory (Garland and Fredrickson, 2013).”

“The PIRMA Model wellbeing theory (Seligman, 2011) for example, identifies five essential elements of well-”

“cities and states, as well as concomitant restrictions on local nature access, has focused public health concerns on changes to individual wellbeing, a construct summating positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement [47].”