Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being

“Going a step further, Seligman and Flourish [22] presented five factors that make up a traveler’s happiness, based on the automatic happiness theory (PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement).”

“Positive psychologists who have focused on psychological and subjective wellbeing also emphasized that exercise is one of the important factors in a happy life [2], which has led to a growing interest in the relationship between physical activity and happiness.”

“, 2013) developed from the multidimensional PERMA framework (Seligman, 2011; Kern et al., 2015) with an additional domain of Positive Health (Butler and Kern, 2016).”

“In addition, the between-role and within-role balance strategies used by the women in this study are aligned with popular approaches to improve mindfulness [75], personal effectiveness [76], flourishing [77] and whole-hearted living [78].”

“Positive psychology cautions against looking only at negative life aspects and encourages the study of positive life aspects as well (Fredrickson 2003; Seligman 2011).”

“As a critical psychological trait, grit has merit in conquering setbacks, investing more e ff ort, and stimulating inner zest, yielding positive learning experiences and happiness (Seligman, 2012 ).”

“However, the primary focus in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has been on anxiety as it was widely held responsible for learner performance problems, mental health issues, and physical ailments (Dewaele, Botes, and Meftah 2023; Seligman 2012).”

“This practice of gratitude journaling tends to be more effective when participants focus on gratitude for people rather than material objects, take time to savor each blessing, and remain open to surprises in their lives (Emmons & McCollough, 2003; Seligman, 2012; Seligman, et al., 2005).”

“In addition, adult playfulness has been reported to have positive relations with life satisfaction, which is closest to experiencing positive emotions (Seligman, 2011), which helps to explain the psychological dynamics of the underlying relation.”

“Since completing the analysis, Seligman (2011) introduced his new theory of ‘‘Flourish’’.”

“[28, 29, 32] Studies examining PERMA domains reveal improvements in life satisfaction and creativity, protection against stress, [39] augmented wellbeing, [40] and reduction in depressive symptoms, [37] as well as decreased job burnout.”

“…newly created terms or author names along the lines of the “Ryff Measure of Psychological Well-being” or the “Seligman Measure of Flourishing” or “PERMA” (Seligman, 2011), but when a regular English expression itself becomes branded in an exclusionary way (i.e., as the only valid academic meaning…”

“Social support relates to the relationships component of the PERMA model and refers to feelings of being cared about by others, authentically connected to others, and secure in those connections (Seligman 2012).”

“…perceived as worthwhile or virtuous (Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker, & Garbinsky, 2013; Diener et al., 2010; Huppert & So, 2013; Keyes, 2002; King, Hicks, Krull, & Del Gaiso, 2006; McGregor & Little, 1998; Rosso, Dekas, & Wrzesniewski, 2010; Ryff, 1989; Seligman, 2011; Warr, 2007; Waterman, 1993).”

“Subjective well-being has been defined by Seligman (2012) as consisting of five measurable elements; positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement.”

“Analyzing positive emotions, traits and institutions, positive psychologists have focused on identifying situations in which humans thrive and flourish (Woolfolk Hoy et al. 2008, Seligman 2011).”

“Seligman (2011) states engagement is about flow, or being one with an activity, experiencing a sense of time stopping, and the loss of self-consciousness during an activity.”

“…psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, cognitive-behaviorism, and multiculturalism (Deiner, Kesebir, & Lucas, 2008; Gable & Haidt, 2005; Hefferon & Boniwell, 2011; Seligman, 2002, 2006, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000, 2014; Seligman & Fowler, 2011; Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005).”

“Recently, the sources of authentic happiness have been extended to include particularly enriching relationships and achievements (Seligman, 2011).”

“Similarly, over 70% of the variation in the single-item life satisfaction (well-being) question is driven by the mood of the respondent at the time the questions is asked (Seligman, 2012).”

“Previous researchers identified that meaning in life is related to spirituality (Purdy & Dupey, 2005; Seligman, 2011), academic motivation, and career planning (Gabriele, 2008).”

“recent construct of life engagement (Harter, Schmidt, & Hayes, 2002; Seligman, 2011).”

“These measures do not capture aspects of eudaimonic well-being that take into account aspects of virtue and character or other conceptions of well-being that include the importance of social relationships, significant achievements, or adaptive life functioning (Seligman, 2011).”

“meaning and purpose, positive relationships, and engagement) aspects of wellbeing [5, 8, 10, 11].”

“Research highlights that although wellbeing cannot be reduced to happiness or emotionally feeling well, the latter is a significant component [65,66].”

“The model posits that achieving meaning and purpose in life is inextricably linked to close and meaningful relationships (Seligman, 2011).”

“Mastery is a function of time, intense focus, inspiration and deliberate practice applied to a particular field [25,32,80].”

“, 2012), however, scholars agree that well-being is not just the presence and abundance of positive states, but also the absence, or scarcity, of negative states (Diener et al., 1999, 2010; Keyes, 2005; Seligman, 2011).”

“For example, Seligman (2011) suggested that positive emotion, positive relationships, © 2018 World Leisure Organization CONTACT Shintaro Sato satos@mail.montclair.edu Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA engagement, accomplishment, and meaning in life are all associated with…”

“Positive psychology emphasizes the role of well-being in personal growth and social development, and positive emotion, engagement, relationship meaning and purpose, and accomplishment are the five supporting elements of well-being [38], p.”

“Seligman (2011) describes positive emotions to denote hedonic feelings of happiness, engagement to the psychological connection to activities, and positive relationships to include feelings of social integration, care, support, and satisfaction with social connections.”

“Seligman (2011) refers to such a communication strategy as “Active Constructive Responding”.”

“Here, we define wellbeing as a subjective sense of optimal functioning across the five domains of Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (Seligman, 2011).”

“The items in this instrument are based on Seligman’s research on well-being which identifies five specific measurable domains that make up subjective wellbeing [38] .”

“Lastly, Seligman (2011) proposed the PERMA model, suggesting that flourishing takes place when a person experien ces positive emotion, has a clear meaning and purpose in life, enjoys healthy relationships, gets involved and enjoys activities he or she is interested in, and achieves his or her…”

“Drawing on mental health understandings of trauma and post-trauma growth (Seligman, 2012; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004), our analysis indicated two recovery processes following online risk exposure, acceptance and growth.”

“Second, psychological well-being consisted of four items drawn from the Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 4 March 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 772653 positive emotion scale out of the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Achievement (PERMA) (Seligman, 2011) and the Life Resilience Scale (Mar…”

“According to Seligman (2012), well-being is about feeling good by experiencing the five elements of positive emotion, engagement, meaning, good relationships, and accomplishment.”

“Accordingly, it was assumed that the PERMA-based programme would result in higher employee well-being gains than the gratitude programme, due to its assumed impact on all five facets of the PERMAmodel, which in turn work in concert to enhance well-being levels (Coffey et al., 2014; Seligman, 2011).”

“Well-being includes physical, social, emotional and cognitive domains that require the balancing of multiple elements: pleasure and comfort, engagement and effort, positive and negative emotions, protecting against danger and also exploring new experiences in search of possible gains (Dweck 2006; Huta and Ryan 2010; S…”

“It has been suggested by Seligman (2011) that happiness is also made up of engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment.”

“Positive Psychology (PP) is a branch of psychology concerned with the empirical study of human flourishing (Seligman 2011).”

“Empowering sense of self Help teens organize content on mental health (T) Happify [2], 3 Good Things [33, 28] Pacifica [5], Daylio [1]”

“This is displayed in the dichotomy between subjective well-being and psychological well-being (see Ryff 1989), and the recent recommendation that they be combined to form a more substantive concept of well-being (Keyes 2002; Seligman 2011).”

“Then they have a larger chance to become long term health patterns, especially if reinforced by self-evaluative perceptions of health identity, preferences and quality of life [12] and patterns of personal growth [18].”

“…of poetry for positive emotion Since psychological well-being is considered to consist of “PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment” (p. 236; cf. Seligman, 2011, p. 24) the first element to consider in our discussion of well-being is positive emotions (P).”

“These positive outcomes are prominent within educational environments and stretch beyond subjective self-report experiences, which manifest in positive performance-related outcomes (Seligman, 2011).”

“positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement) [46] and create an experience of the patient being comfortabilly challenged and engaged by the task which renders high levels of enjoyment.”

“From the perspective of Positive Psychology, well-being may be analyzed with a holistic approach such as Seligman’s PERMA model (Seligman, 2012) as well as in eudaimonic dimensions such as the multidimensional psychological well-being model proposed by Ryff (1989, 2014).”

“Since that time a small body of research has developed around Frankl’s core ideas, and recently research into meaning has taken on new life as part of the positive psychology movement (e.g., Seligman, 2011).”

“The finding is consistent with Seligman (2011), Luthans and Lansons (2006) and Windle (2011) who noted that hopeful employees are happy at their workplace.”

“Happiness can be created through engagement (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Peterson et al., 2005; Rudd, Jennifer, & Norton, 2012; Seligman, 2011; Sheldon & Lyubomirsky, 2006), because people engage voluntarily only when doing so generates a benefit for them in the short or long term (Dholakia, Bagozzi, & Pearo, 2004).”

“To do this, we have elected to work with the PERMA well-being model (Seligman, 2011) to frame our enquiries.”

“Fisher’s model of work happiness parallels recent advances in well-being theory, which suggest that well-being is multidimensional in nature (e.g., Forgeard et al., 2011; Seligman, 2012; Huppert and So, 2013) and has received some empirical support (Williams et al., 2015).”

“This umbrella term covers related constructs: a subjective feeling that one’s life and actions have meaning, purpose, and movement toward desired goals (King, Hicks, Krull, & Del Gaiso, 2006; Klinger, 1977; Reker & Wong, 1988); a set of core beliefs, feelings, and goals that constitute global meaning and act as a gene…”

“Positive relationships with colleagues and students are associated with greater educator wellbeing (for example: Seligman, 2011).”

“Second, early large-scale funding initiatives have supported high-impact research projects in POP and facilitated international collaborations among researchers (Seligman, 2012).”

“However, as a pillar of positive psychology, grit plays an important role in promoting language success (Seligman, 2011; Teimouri et al., 2020).”

“Pursuit of both hedonic and eudaimonic elements may result in the greatest overall well-being and several models have been proposed to unite these two perspectives (Keyes, 2002; Seligman, 2011).”

“The term mental health stems from the medical field and, as per WHO’s definition, is seen as being more than simply the absence of mental illness (Seligman, 2012).”

“More recently, some authors have reconciled both traditions including both approaches in their conceptualizations of happiness (e.g., Seligman, 2011).”

“None of these surveys appears to have taken account of the modern psychological study of well-being (e.g. Seligman 2011) or the extensive international research and development that has taken place to produce measures of child well-being (e.g. Ben-Arieh et al. 2001; Gabhainn and Sixsmith 2005;…”

“This multi-dimensional model of work happiness parallels recent developments in wellbeing theory to multi-dimensional frameworks (e.g. Huppert and So 2013; Seligman 2011).”

“According to positive psychology, any combination of positive experiences or emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and purpose, and accomplishments contribute to a pleasant, happy life 72 .”

“, pleasure, work engagement, meaning) and job satisfaction (Littman-Ovadia and Steger, 2010; Seligman, 2011; Harzer and Ruch, 2012, 2013).”

“…aspects of individual personality, is especially relevant today in light of the prevalence of post-modern approaches to mental health, such as the recovery approach (Anthony, 1993) and the well-being theory (Seligman, 2011), which discard the medical approach and emphasize health and well-being.”

“Positive psychology1, such as well-being and happiness is the ultimate everyday people’s goal [2] [3].”

“Suldo further explains that in the last 15 years, since Martin Seligman’s 1998 presidency of the American Psychological Association, there has been an increasing focus toward learned happiness and positive psychology.”

“Instead, it includes the presence of positive qualities such as happiness and life satisfaction (Seligman, 2011).”

“As previously noted, engagement is a key element of positive psychology (Seligman, 2011; Wang and Wang, 2024).”

“Seligman et al. [18] proposed the PERMA theory on positive psychology, in which well-being refers to a flourishing life and consists of five main elements: Positive Emotion (P), such as pleas-antness, joy, and other subjective feelings; Engagement (E) which refers to complete concentration and…”

“Various other positive psychological concepts ranging from engagement (cf. Kahn, 1990 vs. Schaufeli et al., 2006, vs. Seligman, 2011) to strengths (cf. Peterson and Seligman, 2004 vs. Rapp and Goscha, 2011) face the same problem.”

“The positive emotional element does not require many efforts, while individuals need to put effort into acquiring engagement (Seligman, 2011).”