Cited by 1,224Analytical Chemistry and ChromatographyChemistry and Stereochemistry StudiesMolecular spectroscopy and chirality

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Chiral Drugs. An Overview

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Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France., Chuong, Pham-Huy, Nguyen, Lien Ai, Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center, 725 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA, He, Hua, Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China·2006·International Journal of Biomedical Science

DOI 10.59566/ijbs.2006.2085PMC PMC3614593

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Abstract

About more than half of the drugs currently in use are chiral compounds and near 90% of the last ones are marketed as racemates consisting of an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers. Although they have the same chemical structure, most isomers of chiral drugs exhibit marked differences in biological activities such as pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism etc. Some mechanisms of these properties are also explained. Therefore, it is important to promote the chiral separation and analysis of racemic drugs in pharmaceutical industry as well as in clinic in order to eliminate the unwanted isomer from the preparation and to find an optimal treatment and a right therapeutic control for the patient. In this article, we review the nomenclature, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism etc of some usual chiral drugs as well as their mechanisms. Different techniques used for the chiral separation in pharmaceutical industry as well as in clinical analyses are also examined.

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Figure 2 Easson-Stedman hypothetical interaction between the two enantiomers of a racemic drug with a receptor at the drug binding sites. The three substituents A, B, C of the active enantiomer (left) can interact with three binding sites a, b, c of a receptor by forming three contacts Aa, Bb and Cc, whereas the inactive enantiomer (right) cannot because the contact is insufficient. Note: This figure is in the publication of McConalthy and Owens (47).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Laboratory of Toxicology, F. O. P., Chuong, P.-H., Nguyen, L. A., Department of Pharmacy, L. S. P. C. H., He, H., & Department of Analytical Chemistry, C. P. U.
ORCID: He, Hua
Venue: International Journal of Biomedical Science
Publisher: International Association of Biomedical Sciences
Published: 2006-09-15
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 85-100
ISSN: 1550-9702 (ISSN-L)
1555-2810
DOI: 10.59566/ijbs.2006.2085
PMC: PMC3614593
OpenAlex: W4390049991
Cited by: 1,224
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 81 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 1.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: International Journal of Biomedical Science (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemistry and Stereochemistry Studies
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
Keywords: chiral drugs, enantiomers, racemic mixtures, enantiomer separation, pharmaceutical industry

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