Emotional, cognitive and self-enhancement processes in aggressive behavior after interpersonal rejection and exclusion
Open accessAbstract
The relationship between exclusion or rejection and aggression is already well documented, but there is still a debate about the mechanisms that underlie this effect. In two studies we focused on the propensity to react aggressively (readiness for aggression) on the bases of emotional, cognitive or self-enhancement (personality-immanent) processes. In both studies we first measured readiness for aggression and then ego-depleted participants. Next, in Study 1 we excluded participants (n = 96) using an online ball throwing game and measured displaced aggressive behavior - intensity and duration of an unpleasant noise administrated to a stranger. In Study 2 participants (n = 140) were rejected by a peer on the basis of an interview that they gave and then could retaliate by reducing peer's chance for getting a job. The results show that exclusion effect on displaced aggression was moderated by cognitive readiness for aggression, while rejection effect on retaliatory aggression was shaped by emotional and personality-immanent readiness for aggression as well as ego-depletion. The results were discussed in light of the strength model of self-control by Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice (2007).
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Empirical evidence indicates that secure peer attachment is associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and with lower levels of aggression and other externalizing problems.
“Empirical evidence indicates that secure peer attachment is associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and with lower levels of aggression and other externalizing problems (Rajchert, 2015; Peng et al., 2021; Groh et al., 2014).”
From Peer Attachment and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Positive Legal Emotion and the Moderating Effect of Social Exclusion (2026) · cites this paper as Rajchert, 2015
The Abstract and General Discussion examine how rejection or exclusion relates to aggression, not whether secure peer attachment is associated with prosocial behavior or fewer externalizing problems. Searches for peer attachment, prosocial behavior, and externalizing problems found no passage addressing those associations. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
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Sun, W., & Xu, S. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16040494
“Empirical evidence indicates that secure peer attachment is associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and with lower levels of aggression and other externalizing problems (Rajchert, 2015; Peng et al., 2021; Groh et al., 2014).”
- Authors
- Rajchert, J.
- Affiliations
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Rajchert, Joanna
- ORCID
- Rajchert, Joanna
- Venue
- Europe’s Journal of Psychology
- Published
- 2015-11-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 707-721
- ISSN
- 1841-0413 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4873085
- OpenAlex
- W2174148376
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Europe’s Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- PsychOpen Gold (Leibniz Institute for Psychology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Psychology Archives (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- interpersonal rejection, social exclusion, aggression, displaced aggression, reactive aggression, ego depletion, self-control, strength model of self-control, self-enhancement, emotional processes, cognitive processes
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