Creating safe environments for children: prevention of trauma in the Extended Verse
Open accessAbstract
In the evolving landscape of digital childhood, ensuring safe environments within the Extended Verse (XV) is essential for preventing trauma and fostering positive experiences. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for the integration of advanced emotion recognition systems and physiological sensors with virtual and augmented reality technologies to create secure spaces for children. The author presents a theoretical architecture and data flow design that could enable future systems to perform real-time monitoring and interpretation of emotional and physiological responses. This design architecture lays the groundwork for future research and development of adaptive, empathetic interfaces capable of responding to distress signals and mitigating trauma. The paper addresses current challenges, proposes innovative solutions, and outlines an evaluation framework to support an empathic, secure and nurturing virtual environment for young users.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Weak age verification measures often allow underage access to adult-oriented environments despite platforms setting a minimum age of thirteen.
“Despite platforms setting a minimum age of thirteen, weak age verification measures often allow underage access to adult-oriented environments (Patel, 2025).”
From Virtual Reality Risks for Children in the Metaverse: An Examination through Criminological Perspectives (2026) · cites this paper as Patel, 2025
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Azuma, R. T. (1997) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355 · Cited by 10,121 · see citing works
From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients' care
Grol, R., & Grimshaw, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14546-1 · Cited by 4,531 · see citing works
Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168 · Cited by 2,620 · see citing works
Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data
Zyskind, G., Nathan, O., & Pentland, A. '. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops · doi:10.1109/spw.2015.27 · Cited by 2,617 · see citing works
Emotion recognition in human-computer interaction
Cowie, R., Douglas-Cowie, E., Tsapatsoulis, N., Votsis, G., Kollias, S., Fellenz, W., & Taylor, J. G. (2001) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/79.911197 · Cited by 2,603 · see citing works
The Proteus Effect: The Effect of Transformed Self-Representation on Behavior
Yee, N., & Bailenson, J. (2007) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00299.x · Cited by 2,126 · see citing works
Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality
Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2016.00074 · Cited by 1,993 · see citing works
From presence to consciousness through virtual reality.
Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1651 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
The State of Educational Data Mining in 2009: A Review and Future Visions
Baker, R. S. J. D., & Yacef, K. (2009) · Journal of Educational Data Mining · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3554657 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Transforming the Customer Experience through New Technologies
Hoyer, W. D., Kroschke, M., Schmitt, B. H., Kraume, K., & Shankar, V. (2020) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.001 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
Jerald, J. (2015) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/2792790 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality
Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Blanke, O. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010564 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.05352 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
What is XR? Towards a Framework for Augmented and Virtual Reality
Rauschnabel, P. A., Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Shahab, H., & Alt, F. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107289 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
The use of virtual reality technology in the treatment of anxiety and other psychiatric disorders
Maples-Keller, J. L., Bunnell, B. E., Kim, S.-J., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000138 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
D'Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01154.x · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Children and young people’s rights in the digital age: An emerging agenda
Livingstone, S., & Third, A. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816686318 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Khare, S. K., Blanes‐Vidal, V., Nadimi, E. S., & Acharya, U. R. (2023) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.102019 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Fox, J., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260802669474 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Augmented reality in support of Industry 4.0—Implementation challenges and success factors
Masood, T., & Egger, J. (2019) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2019.02.003 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Virtual and augmented reality applications in medicine: analysis of the scientific literature
Yeung, A. W. K., Tosevska, A., Klager, E., Eibensteiner, F., Laxar, D., Stoyanov, J., Glisic, M., Zeiner, S., Kulnik, S. T., Crutzen, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25499 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Dorado, J. S., Martinez, M., McArthur, L. E., & Leibovitz, T. (2016) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-016-9177-0 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
A Survey of Usability Evaluation in Virtual Environments: Classification and Comparison of Methods
Bowman, D. A., Gabbard, J. L., & Hix, D. (2002) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/105474602760204309 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Is clinical virtual reality ready for primetime?
Rizzo, A. “., & Koenig, S. T. (2017) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000405 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Physiological signals based human emotion Recognition: a review
Jerritta, S., Murugappan, M., Nagarajan, R., & Khairunizam, W. (2011) · IEEE International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA) · doi:10.1109/cspa.2011.5759912 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Ferrari, F., Paladino, M. P., & Jetten, J. (2016) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-016-0338-y · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Emotion Recognition in Immersive Virtual Reality: From Statistics to Affective Computing
Marín‐Morales, J., Llinares, C., Guixeres, J., & Alcañíz, M. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20185163 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Bailenson, J. N., Pontikakis, E. D., Mauss, I. B., Gross, J. J., Jabon, M. E., Hutcherson, C. A. C., Nass, C., & John, O. P. (2007) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.011 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Rana, N. P., Baabdullah, A. M., Kar, A. K., Koohang, A. A., Navarrete, S. R., Belei, N., Balakrishnan, J., et al. (2023) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-023-10400-x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Kaaniche, N., & Laurent, M. (2017) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2017.07.006 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Online Controlled Experiments and A/B Testing
Kohavi, R., & Longbotham, R. (2017) · Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7687-1_891 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Al-Ghaili, A. M., Kasim, H., Al‐Hada, N. M., Hassan, Z., Othman, M., Hussain, T. J., Kasmani, R. M., & Shayea, I. A. M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3225638 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Barrett, A. J., Pack, A., & Quaid, E. D. (2021) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104214 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Chen, M., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1734626 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Review of Studies on Emotion Recognition and Judgment Based on Physiological Signals
Lin, W., & Li, C. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13042573 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
AI-Driven Cloud Security: Examining the Impact of User Behavior Analysis on Threat Detection
Olabanji, S. O., Marquis, Y. A., Adigwe, C. S., Ajayi, S. A., Oladoyinbo, T. O., & Olaniyi, O. O. (2024) · Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science · doi:10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i3424 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Use of Extended Reality in Medical Education: An Integrative Review
Curran, V. R., Xu, X., Aydin, M. Y., & Meruvia-Pastor, O. (2022) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-022-01698-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Human-centered design for VR interactions
Jerald, J., & Marks, R. (2016) · ACM SIGGRAPH Courses · doi:10.1145/2897826.2927320 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Gibson, E., Griffiths, M. D., Calado, F., & Harris, A. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107219 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
How Blockchain, Virtual Reality, and Augmented Reality are Converging, and Why
Cannavò, A., & Lamberti, F. (2020) · IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mce.2020.3025753 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
It Is Complicated: Interacting with Children in Social Virtual Reality
Maloney, D., Freeman, G., & Robb, A. C. (2020) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) · doi:10.1109/vrw50115.2020.00075 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Annamalai, N., Uthayakumaran, A., & Zyoud, S. H. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11275-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kimber, M., McTavish, J. R., Vanstone, M. G., Stewart, D. E., & MacMillan, H. L. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104743 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pham, P., & Wang, J. (2017) · International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces · doi:10.1145/3025171.3025186 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Salinas, D., Rivera, F. M.-L., & Serrano, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215272 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fiani, C., Saeghe, P., McGill, M., & Khamis, M. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3652867 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Extended Reality Use in Paediatric Intensive Care: A Scoping Review
Goldsworthy, A., Chawla, J., Baumann, O., Birt, J., & Gough, S. (2023) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666231185721 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Burrows, H., Zarrin, J., Saheer, L. B., & Oghaz, M. M. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11010118 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Asadzadeh, A., Shahrokhi, H., Shalchi, B., Khamnian, Z., & Rezaei‐Hachesu, P. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276985 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The use of extended reality (XR) in patient education: A critical perspective
Curran, V. R., & Hollett, A. (2023) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/00178969231198955 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Elser, A., Lange, M., Kopkow, C., & Schäfer, A. G. M. (2024) · JMIR XR and spatial computing. · doi:10.2196/53129 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Liao, Y., Gao, Y., Wang, F., Xu, Z., Wu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106648 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Physiological feedback technology for real-time emotion regulation: a systematic review
Sun, Y., Tian, L., Wang, X., Chen, W., Chen, S., Chen, H., & Zheng, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182667 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2026) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241284413 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Immersive Visualization for Abnormal Detection in Heterogeneous Data for On-site Decision Making
Mahfoud, E., Wegba, K., Li, Y., Han, H., & Lu, A. (2018) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.160 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zarchi, G., Sherman, M., Gady, O., Herzig, T., Idan, Z., & Greenbaum, D. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.1028249 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mixed Reality in Clinical Settings for Pediatric Patients and Their Families: A Literature Review
Sin, J. E., & Kim, A. R. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21091185 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
‘It’s in the game’: FIFA videogames and the misuse of history
Heffernan, C. (2024) · Sport in History · doi:10.1080/17460263.2024.2343914 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Privacy Preserving Data Mining: A Comprehensive Survey
Lohiya, R., Mandowara, A., & Raolji, R. (2017) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2017913220 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Beyond the Metaverse: XV (eXtended meta/uni/Verse)Preprint
Mann, S., Yu, Y., Furness, T., Paradiso, J. A., & Coughlin, T. (2022) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2212.07960 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sandler, D. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.p2746 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Milgram P, Kishino F. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans Inf Syst. 1994;77(12):1321-1329. Available from: https://cs.gmu.edu/~zduric/cs499/Readings/r76JBo-Milgram_IEICE_1994.pdf
- Theodos K, Sittig S. Health Information Privacy Laws in the Digital Age: HIPAA Doesn't Apply. Perspect Health Inf Manag. 2020;18:1l. [PubMed][PMC]
- Buchanan R, Margolin V. Discovering design: explorations in design studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1995.
- Sterman JD. Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Enhancing English short video teaching through VR and Edge-driven deep learning frameworks
Cheng, Z., Lou, M., & Lu, L. (2025) · Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering · doi:10.1080/1448837x.2025.2539560 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Martellozzo, E., Bradbury, P., Farr, R., & Davidson, J. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009620161 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Patel, N. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22513-9_3
Parenting on the Edge of Tomorrow
Patel, N. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22513-9_1
Ensuring the Protection of Children in the Metaverse: Legal Frameworks and Strategic Approaches
Węgrzak, M. J. (2026) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11983-4_22
- Authors
- Jane Patel, N.
- Affiliations
- https://ror.org/05v62cm79
- ORCID
- Jane Patel, Nina
- Venue
- Empathic Computing
- Publisher
- Science Exploration Press
- Published
- 2025-02-17
- ISSN
- 3106-8065 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4407633984
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Empathic Computing (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Keywords
- child safety, injury prevention, virtual and augmented reality, emotion recognition, physiological sensors, real-time monitoring, distress detection, digital childhood
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review