I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self
Abstract
A highly original theory of how the mind-brain works, based on the author's study of single neuronal cells.In I of the Vortex, Rodolfo Llinas, a founding father of modern brain science, presents an original view of the evolution and nature of mind. According to Llinas, the "mindness state" evolved to allow predictive interactions between mobile creatures and their environment. He illustrates the early evolution of mind through a primitive animal called the "sea squirt." The mobile larval form has a brainlike ganglion that receives sensory information about the surrounding environment. As an adult, the sea squirt attaches itself to a stationary object and then digests most of its own brain. This suggests that the nervous system evolved to allow active movement in animals. To move through the environment safely, a creature must anticipate the outcome of each movement on the basis of incoming sensory data. Thus the capacity to predict is most likely the ultimate brain function. One could even say that Self is the centralization of prediction.At the heart of Llinas's theory is the concept of oscillation. Many neurons possess electrical activity, manifested as oscillating variations in the minute voltages across the cell membrane. On the crests of these oscillations occur larger electrical events that are the basis for neuron-to-neuron communication. Like cicadas chirping in unison, a group of neurons oscillating in phase can resonate with a distant group of neurons. This simultaneity of neuronal activity is the neurobiological root of cognition. Although the internal state that we call the mind is guided by the senses, it is also generated by the oscillations within the brain. Thus, in a certain sense, one could say that reality is not all "out there," but is a kind of virtual reality.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Living systems evolved mechanisms that could reduce the uncertainty of the environment.
“In other words, living systems evolved mechanisms that could reduce the uncertainty of the environment [239–241].”
From Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems (2024) · cites this paper as [240]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The brain's default mode network
Raichle, M. E. (2015) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030 · Cited by 3,904 · see citing works
Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain
Vincent, J. L., Patel, G. H., Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Baker, J. T., Van Essen, D. C., Zempel, J. M., Snyder, L. H., Corbetta, M., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05758 · Cited by 1,786 · see citing works
The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins
Damasio, A., & Carvalho, G. B. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3403 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience
Block, N. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07002786 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Disease and the brain's dark energy
Zhang, D., & Raichle, M. E. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.198 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Synfire Chains and Cortical Songs: Temporal Modules of Cortical Activity
Ikegaya, Y., Aaron, G., Cossart, R., Aronov, D., Lampl, I., Ferster, D., & Yuste, R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093173 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
A materialist theory of the mind
Armstrong, D. M. (2017) · Advances in consciousness research · doi:10.1075/aicr.95.c1 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
(2023) · doi:10.1126/science · Cited by 6,063 · see citing works
Carter, A. R., Astafiev, S. V., Lang, C. E., Connor, L. T., Rengachary, J., Strube, M., Pope, D. L. W., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21905 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
From the neuron doctrine to neural networks
Yuste, R. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3962 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Bursting of Thalamic Neurons and States of Vigilance
Llinás, R. R., & Steriade, M. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00166.2006 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Self-citationThe origins of 12-month attachment: a microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant interaction.
Beebe, B., Jaffe, J., Markese, S., Buck, K., Chen, H., Cohen, P., Bahrick, L., Andrews, H., & Feldstein, S. (2010) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730903338985 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
What is the function of the claustrum?
Crick, F. C., & Koch, C. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1661 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex
Gordon, E. M., Chauvin, R. J., Van, A. N., Rajesh, A., Nielsen, A. N., Newbold, D. J., Lynch, C. J., Seider, N. A., Krimmel, S. R., Scheidter, K. M., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Clinical Implications of Neuroscience Research in PTSD
van der Kolk, B. A. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.022 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Psychobiology of Altered States of Consciousness.
Vaitl, D., Birbaumer, N., Gruzelier, J., Jamieson, G. A., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Lehmann, D., Miltner, W. H. R., Ott, U., Pütz, P., et al. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.98 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Thinking, Walking, Talking: Integratory Motor and Cognitive Brain Function
Leisman, G., Moustafa, A. A., & Shafir, T. (2016) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00094 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Top-down laminar organization of the excitatory network in motor cortex
Weiler, N., Wood, L., Yu, J., Solla, S. A., & Shepherd, G. M. G. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2049 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Rapid Cortical Oscillations and Early Motor Activity in Premature Human Neonate
Milh, M., Kamińska, A., Huon, C., Lapillonne, A., Ben‐Ari, Y., & Khazipov, R. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl069 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Feldman, R. (2012) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2012.683342 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“The first approach is the writings of the early Ethologists (Lorenz, 1950; Timbergen, 1963), which provided the basis for Bowlby’s (1969) seminal formulations on the attachment system, and for more recent evolutionary-based approaches to bond-formation.”
BackgroundEichele, T., Specht, K., Moosmann, M., Jongsma, M. L. A., Quiroga, R. Q., Nordby, H., & Hugdahl, K. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505508102 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Vaynman, S., & Gomez‐Pinilla, F. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20979 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The development of regulatory functions from birth to 5 years: insights from premature infants
Feldman, R. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01278.x · Cited by 294 · see citing works
“Llineas, R. (2001). I of the vortex: From neurons to self.”
BackgroundResultThe blinking spotlight of attention
Rufin Vanrullen, A., Carlson, T. A., & Cavanagh, P. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707316104 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Riva, G., Waterworth, J. A., & Waterworth, E. L. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.402 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Intrinsic brain activity sets the stage for expression of motivated behavior
Raichle, M. E., & Gusnard, D. A. (2005) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20752 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Buzsáki, G., & Llinás, R. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan8869 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationMathur, B. N. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00048 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Edwards, A., & Protheroe, L. (2003) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/0141192032000060957 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Baseline brain energy supports the state of consciousness
Shulman, R. G., Hyder, F., & Rothman, D. L. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903941106 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Thompson, E. T. (2009) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822391388-005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The brain’s action-mode network
Dosenbach, N. U. F., Raichle, M. E., & Gordon, E. M. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00895-x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The ontogenesis of narrative: from moving to meaning
Delafield‐Butt, J. T., & Trevarthen, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01157 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
A genealogical map of the concept of habit
Barandiaran, X. E., & Paolo, E. A. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00522 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The Brain–Cognitive Behavior Problem: A Retrospective
Buzsáki, G. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0069-20.2020 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Valiullina, F., Akhmetshina, D., Nasretdinov, A., Mukhtarov, M. R., Valeeva, G. R., Khazipov, R., & Rozov, A. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00001 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Evolution of consciousness: Phylogeny, ontogeny, and emergence from general anesthesia
Mashour, G. A., & Alkire, M. T. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1301188110 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Attention-driven discrete sampling of motion perception
Rufin Vanrullen, A., Reddy, L., & Christof Koch, A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409172102 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“What could be the neural substrates of the proposed discrete snapshots? Cortical oscillations are an obvious candidate (8, 35, 36), but the estimated rate of 10–20 Hz does not correspond to any conventional frequency band of the cortical oscillations.”
BackgroundNow you hear it: a predictive coding model for understanding rhythmic incongruity
Vuust, P., Dietz, M. J., Witek, M. A. G., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13622 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Autonomy and Enactivism: Towards a Theory of Sensorimotor Autonomous Agency
Barandiaran, X. E. (2016) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-016-9365-4 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Annotation: Tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat – driven by misguided brain oscillations
Leckman, J. F., Vaccarino, F. M., Kalanithi, P. S. A., & Rothenberger, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Malloch, S. N., & Trevarthen, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01680 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
““Irritability [i.e., responding to external stimuli with organized, goal-directed behavior] and subjectivity, in a very primitive sense, are properties originally belonging to single cells” (Llinás, 2001, p.113).”
BackgroundValencia, A. L., & Froese, T. (2020) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaa010 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“For example, Llinás suggested that our subjectivity is generated by temporally coherent neural activity (‘It binds, therefore I am’ Llinás 2001), while Engel and Singer proposed that neural synchronization could be the mechanism of different aspects of consciousness, and even what generates the…”
BackgroundChallenging the Boundaries of Marketing
Moorman, C., van Heerde, H. J., Moreau, C., & Palmatier, R. W. (2019) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/0022242919867086 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“World-renowned neuroscientist Llinás (2001) observed that this marine animal begins life as an active creature with a 300-neuron-sized brain.”
BackgroundKlein, S. B. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1333 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Evolutionary History of Biosemiotics
Favareau, D. F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-4814-9_1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Long-range Order in Canary Song
Markowitz, J. E., Ivie, E. J., Kligler, L., & Gardner, T. J. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003052 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Modular stability tools for distributed computation and control
Slotine, J.-J. E. (2003) · International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing · doi:10.1002/acs.754 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-specific processing in the meditating brain: a MEG neurophenomenology study
Dor‐Ziderman, Y., Ataria, Y., Fulder, S. J., Goldstein, A., & Berkovich‐Ohana, A. (2016) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niw019 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Two Forms of Electrical Transmission Between Neurons
Faber, D. S., & Pereda, A. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00427 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Given such a close interrelationship between electrical signaling and chemical communication, the latter was also called ‘‘electrochemical transmission’’ (Llinás, 2001).”
BackgroundNeural Primitives for Motion Control
Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., & Solla, S. A. (2004) · IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering · doi:10.1109/joe.2004.833102 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“More recently, Llinas [1] has argued that the very existence of the nervous system may be traced back philogenetically to the first multicellular organisms, such as the sea squirt, that were endowed with the ability—and with the challenge—to move in”
BackgroundKlein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., & Delton, A. W. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.537827 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Evolutionary aspects of self- and world consciousness in vertebrates
Fabbro, F., Aglioti, S. M., Bergamasco, M., Clarici, A., & Panksepp, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00157 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Quantum Information as a General Paradigm
Auletta, G. (2005) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/s10701-005-4565-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Solé, R., Moses, M., & Forrest, S. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0040 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Beebe, B. A., Lachmann, F. M., Markese, S., & Bahrick, L. E. (2012) · Psychoanalytic Dialogues · doi:10.1080/10481885.2012.666147 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Dietrich, A., & Haider, H. (2014) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0743-x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Embodiment in Human Communication
Streeck, J. (2015) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014045 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Measuring fundamental frequencies in local field potentials
Masimore, B., Kakalios, J., & Redish, A. D. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.014 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
He, B. J., & Zempel, J. M. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003348 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Subcortical-cortical dynamical states of the human brain and their breakdown in stroke
Favaretto, C., Allegra, M., Deco, G., Metcalf, N. V., Griffis, J. C., Shulman, G. L., Brovelli, A., & Corbetta, M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32304-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-referential phase reset based on inferior olive oscillator dynamics
Kazantsev, V., Nekorkin, V. I., Makarenko, V. I., & Llinas, R. H. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407900101 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“t -t p = 2r ~T ' [2]”
From symbols to icons: the return of resemblance in the cognitive neuroscience revolution
Williams, D., & Colling, L. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1578-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Deppermann, A., & Streeck, J. (2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.293.intro · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…including “mental actions”, are bodily actions, even when the overt bodily component seems of little significance to the way in which it makes meaning - or is absent altogether (as during the activity we call ‘thinking’, which, after all, has evolved from patterns of motor control; Llinas 2001).”
BackgroundAuletta, G. (2011) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.001.0001 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
‘Projectivetransidentification’: An extension of the concept of projective identification
Grotstein, J. S. (2005) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/7bfw-ql6c-vwa1-nbnw · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hanson, R. (2016) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198754626.001.0001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The ‘prediction imperative’ as the basis for self-awareness
Llinás, R. R., & Roy, S. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0309 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationProjection and Anticipation: The Forward-Looking Nature of Embodied Communication
Streeck, J., & Jordan, J. S. (2009) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/01638530902728777 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Raichle, M. E. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1134405 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The predicting brain: Unconscious repetition, conscious reflection and therapeutic change
Pally, R. (2007) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/b328-8p54-2870-p703 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Riegler, A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0914-4_13 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Autonoesis and Belief in a Personal Past: An Evolutionary Theory of Episodic Memory Indices
Klein, S. B. (2014) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0181-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Competitive Learning in a Spiking Neural Network: Towards an Intelligent Pattern Classifier
Lobov, S. A., Chernyshov, A. V., Krilova, N. P., Shamshin, M. O., & Kazantsev, V. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20020500 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reggente, N., Essoe, J. K.-Y., Baek, Y. H., & Rissman, J. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-019-00141-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…spatial processing is in line with evolutionary theories that posit that the creation of a mind was to engage in purposeful movement (Dennett 1993; Llinás 2001; Llinas and Ribary 2001; Wolpert and Ghahramani 2000) and the observation that the medial pallium, whose allocortex houses the…”
Olivo-cerebellar cluster-based universal control system
Kazantsev, V., Nekorkin, V. I., Makarenko, V. I., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1635110100 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Jotterand, F., & Giordano, J. J. (2011) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.616189 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Callard, F. J., & Margulies, D. S. (2011) · Subjectivity · doi:10.1057/sub.2011.11 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Cognition: Inseparable in the Classroom
Doherty, A., & Miravalles, A. F. I. (2019) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2019.00105 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Shulman, R. G., Hyder, F., & Rothman, D. L. (2014) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.145 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
SYMPATHETIC RHYTHMS AND NERVOUS INTEGRATION
Gilbey, M. P. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04587.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Good vibrations: Analytic process as coupled oscillations
Galatzer‐Levy, R. M. (2009) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00188.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Miguel-Tomé, S., & Llinás, R. R. (2021) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.1080/15592324.2021.1927562 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction: An Evolutionary History of Biosemiotics
Favareau, D. F. (2009) · Biosemiotics/Biosemiotics. Bookseries · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9650-1_1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Developmental models in pediatric neuropsychology
Bernstein, J. H. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511674815.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Beyond cognitive myopia: a patchwork approach to the concept of neural function
Haueis, P. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-018-01991-z · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“(Llinas 2001, p. 4).”
Ito, H., Sales, A. C., Fry, C. H., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.56605 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Emotional affordances for human–robot interaction
Vallverdú, J., & Trovato, G. (2016) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/1059712316668238 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A neurophilosophical slant on consciousness research
Churchland, P. S. (2005) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)49020-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“(See also Groenewegen and Berendse, 1994; Purpura and Schiff, 1997; Damasio, 1999; Llinas, 2001 ).”
Forms and theories of communication: from multimedia to Kansei Mediation
Nakatsu, R., Matthias Rauterberg, A., & Salem, D. B. (2006) · Multimedia Systems · doi:10.1007/s00530-005-0006-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Understanding Neural Oscillations in the Human Brain: From Movement to Consciousness and Vice Versa
Cebolla, A. M., & Cheron, G. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01930 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…1988; Gray et al., 1989) has been indicate to be the neural correlate of visual perceptive consciousness, the thalamocortical 40Hz oscillation may play a major role synchronizing the firing of separate and differentiated cortical neural populations underlying motion consciousness (Llinás, 2001).”
BackgroundDreaming as a ‘curtain of illusion’: Revisiting the ‘royal road’ with Bion as our guide
Grotstein, J. S. (2009) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00155.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Is the mind inherently forward looking? Comparing prediction and retrodiction
Jones, J. J., & Pashler, H. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194067 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
From the Intrinsic Motive Pulse of Infant Actions to the Life Time of Cultural Meanings
Trevarthen, C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22195-3_12 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Role of the Baldwin Effect in the Evolution of Human Musicality
Podlipniak, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00542 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Predictive models in the brain
Downing, K. L. (2009) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540090802610666 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems
Solé, R., Kempes, C. P., Corominas-Murtra, B., De Domenico, M., Kolchinsky, A., Lachmann, M., Libby, E., Saavedra, S., Smith, E., & Wolpert, D. (2024) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2024.0010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Llinás, R. R., & Ustinin, M. N. (2014) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Efference Copy Signal as a Key Mechanism for Consciousness
Vallortígara, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.765646 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“As to the first point, the crucial role of active movement has been stressed as lying at the origin of the development of nervous systems (e.g., Llinás, 2001).”
BackgroundDynamical Analysis of Neural Oscillators in an Olfactory Cortex Model
Xu, D., & Príncipe, J. C. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2004.832815 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“It also presents the function as an association between stimulus and stored information, in line with the auto-content addressable memory (CAM) framework studied in artificial neural networks [3].”
Background
- Authors
- Llinás, R. R.
- Venue
- The MIT Press eBooks
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 2001
- OpenAlex
- W4252316379
- Semantic Scholar
- 27939067f7d70ee1092fbd5feedfef39a59cf948
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- mind-brain relationship, evolution of the mind, predictive processing, neural oscillations, ascidians, ganglia, self, cognition, neural resonance, brain function, virtual reality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
