The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Modularity of Mind
Abstract
This study synthesizes current information from the various fields of cognitive science in support of a new and exciting theory of mind. Most psychologists study horizontal processes like memory and information flow; Fodor postulates a vertical and modular psychological organization underlying biologically coherent behaviors. This view of mental architecture is consistent with the historical tradition of faculty psychology while integrating a computational approach to mental processes. One of the most notable aspects of Fodor's work is that it articulates features not only of speculative cognitive architectures but also of current research in artificial intelligence. Bradford Books imprint
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This contrasts with classical views that treat perception as a passive internal process in which the brain receives sensory input, processes it, and issues commands for action.”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Fodor, 1983
In the citing paper
“Enactive perspectives contrast with classical representationalist views, in which perception is framed as a passive process where sensory input is transmitted through the body's sensory apparatus and transformed into internal representations of the world.”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Fodor, 1983
In the citing paper
“which implies that phenomenal transparency-opacity is ‘cognitively impenetrable’”
From 'Seeing the Dark': Grounding Phenomenal Transparency and Opacity in Precision Estimation for Active Inference (2018) · cites this paper as Fodor, 1983
In the citing paper
“In other words, in contrast with earlier proposals, Gauthier and colleagues have emphasized a domain-general, but process-specific, understanding of FFA activity (for an extended discussion of domain-general vs. domain-specific cognitive processing, see Fodor 1983).”
From Activity in Right Temporo-Parietal Junction is Not Selective for Theory-of-Mind (2008) · cites this paper as Fodor 1983
In the citing paper
“Such models are thus ultimately functionalist in nature; particular behaviours are explained by appeal to a revision of modality-specific prediction errors, as computed by encapsulated, physically localized brain modules, without specifying a particular computational implementation (Fodor 1983).”
From From cognitivism to autopoiesis: towards a computational framework for the embodied mind (2018) · cites this paper as Fodor 1983
In the citing paper
“Our findings suggest that the effect of social and ecological complexity may be limited to influencing more specialized, and potentially domain-specific forms of cognition (188-196).”
From The evolution of self-control. (2014) · cites this paper as [191]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,019
Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part II
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1989) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(89)90013-7 · Cited by 663
Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006301 · Cited by 725
Conceptual Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939376.ch1 · Cited by 654
Evidence for a large-scale brain system supporting allostasis and interoception in humans
Kleckner, I. R., Zhang, J., Touroutoglou, A., Chanes, L., Xia, C., Simmons, W. K., Quigley, K. S., Dickerson, B. C., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0069 · Cited by 641
A capacity theory of writing: Working memory in composition
McCutchen, D. (1996) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf01464076 · Cited by 654
Is there a geometric module for spatial orientation? squaring theory and evidence
Cheng, K., & Newcombe, N. S. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196346 · Cited by 645
Précis of The Modularity of Mind
Fodor, J. A. (1985) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0001921x · Cited by 663
Self-citationContinuity in lexical and morphological development: a test of the critical mass hypothesis
Marchman, V. A., & Bates, E. A. (1994) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000900009302 · Cited by 657
Graesser, A. C., Millis, K., & Zwaan, R. A. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.163 · Cited by 661
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Green, D. W., & Gollan, T. H. (2009) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100610387084 · Cited by 753
Writing Expertise and Second‐Language Proficiency*
Cumming, A. (1989) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00592.x · Cited by 641
Shastri, L., & Ajjanagadde, V. (1993) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00030910 · Cited by 629
The phenomenology of action: a conceptual framework
Pacherie, E. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.09.003 · Cited by 618
The perception of emotions by ear and by eye
de Gelder, B., & Vroomen, J. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378824 · Cited by 657
Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders
Marks, I., & Nesse, R. M. (1994) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7 · Cited by 654
Developmental robotics: a survey
Lungarella, M., Giorgio Metta, B., Pfeifer, R., & Sandini, G. (2003) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540090310001655110 · Cited by 651
Thelen, E., & Smith, L. B. (2007) · Handbook of Child Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0106 · Cited by 729
Recovery of parametric models from range images: the case for superquadrics with global deformations
Solina, F., & Bajcsy, R. K. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.44401 · Cited by 603
The role of structure in coreference assignment during sentence comprehension
Nicol, J. L., & Swinney, D. (1989) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/bf01069043 · Cited by 601
Talker-specific learning in speech perception
Nygaard, L. C., & Pisoni, D. B. (1998) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206860 · Cited by 590
Tsao, F.-M., Liu, H.-M., & Kuhl, P. K. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x · Cited by 588
Recalibration of audiovisual simultaneity
Fujisaki, W., Shinsuke Shimojo, A., Kashino, M., & Nishida, S. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1268 · Cited by 593
Dynamic mental representations.
Freyd, J. J. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.4.427 · Cited by 606
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
Picton, T. W., Alain, C., Otten, L. J., Ritter, W., & Achim, A. (2000) · Audiology and Neurotology · doi:10.1159/000013875 · Cited by 584
Reflexive visual orienting in response to the social attention of others
Langton, S. R. H., & Bruce, V. (1999) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062899394939 · Cited by 600
The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain
Bertolero, M. A., Yeo, B. T. T., & D’Esposito, M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1510619112 · Cited by 572
Interpreting the Mismatch Negativity
Winkler, I. (2007) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.21.34.147 · Cited by 596
Pre- and postlexical loci of contextual effects on word recognition
Seidenberg, M. S., Waters, G. S., Sanders, M., & Langer, P. (1984) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198291 · Cited by 559
Moral Responsibility and Determinism: The Cognitive Science of Folk Intuitions
Nichols, S., & Knobe, J. (2007) · Noûs · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0068.2007.00666.x · Cited by 574
Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process
Nygaard, L. C., Sommers, M. S., & Pisoni, D. B. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00612.x · Cited by 553
Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000631 · Cited by 592
Tsimpli, I. M., Sorace, A., Heycock, C., et al. (2004) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/13670069040080030601 · Cited by 542
Accounting for Delusional Misidentifications
Ellis, H. D., & Young, A. W. (1990) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.157.2.239 · Cited by 547
Language lateralization in healthy right-handers
Knecht, S., Deppe, M., Dräger, B., Bobe, L., Lohmann, H., Ringelstein, E. B., & Henningsen, H. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.1.74 · Cited by 541
Generalist Genes and Learning Disabilities.
Plomin, R., & Kovas, Y. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.592 · Cited by 534
A Specialization for Speech Perception
Liberman, A. M., & Mattingly, I. G. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2643163 · Cited by 531
Individual Differences in Language Acquisition and Processing
Kidd, E., Donnelly, S., & Christiansen, M. H. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.006 · Cited by 560
Nichols, S. (2004) · doi:10.1093/0195169344.001.0001 · Cited by 522
The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation.
Keele, S. W., Ivry, R. B., Mayr, U., Hazeltine, E., & Heuer, H. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.2.316 · Cited by 515
Adams, R. M. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207510.001.0001 · Cited by 802
The evolution of primate general and cultural intelligence
Reader, S. M., Hager, Y., & Laland, K. N. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0342 · Cited by 496
Clinical cognition and diagnostic error: applications of a dual process model of reasoning
Croskerry, P. (2009) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-009-9182-2 · Cited by 494
Is semantic priming due to association strength or feature overlap? A microanalytic review
Hutchison, K. A. (2003) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196544 · Cited by 478
An association between mothers' speech clarity and infants' speech discrimination skills
Liu, H., Kuhl, P. K., & Tsao, F. (2003) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00275 · Cited by 466
Activity in Right Temporo-Parietal Junction is Not Selective for Theory-of-Mind
Mitchell, J. P. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm051 · Cited by 469
Cognitive relevance of the community structure of the human brain functional coactivation network
Crossley, N. A., Mechelli, A., Vértes, P. E., Winton‐Brown, T., Patel, A. X., Ginestet, C. E., McGuire, P. K., & Bullmore, E. T. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1220826110 · Cited by 457
Pérusse, D. (1993) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00029939 · Cited by 473
Gillihan, S. J., & Farah, M. J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.76 · Cited by 470
Eye movements and on-line language comprehension processes
Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., Morris, R. K., Schmauder, A. R., & Clifton, C. (1989) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690968908406362 · Cited by 468
The psychology of folk psychology
Goldman, A. I. (1993) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00028648 · Cited by 481
Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements?
Bizzi, E., Hogan, N., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., & Giszter, S. F. (1992) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00072538 · Cited by 462
Cognitive Penetration of Colour Experience: Rethinking the Issue in Light of an Indirect Mechanism
Macpherson, F. (2011) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2010.00481.x · Cited by 465
McKay, R. T., & Dennett, D. C. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09990975 · Cited by 474
Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x018008004 · Cited by 456
Covert Visual Attention Modulates Face-Specific Activity in the Human Fusiform Gyrus: fMRI Study
Wojciulik, E., Kanwisher, N., & Driver, J. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1574 · Cited by 447
Acquisition of the algorithms of social life: a domain-based approach
Bugental, D. B. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.187 · Cited by 456
Gil-White, F. J. (2001) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/321802 · Cited by 546
Schyns, P. G., & Oliva, A. (1999) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00069-9 · Cited by 448
Sui, J., He, X., & Humphreys, G. W. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0029792 · Cited by 467
Can quantum probability provide a new direction for cognitive modeling?
Pothos, E. M., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12001525 · Cited by 475
Wasow, T. (1997) · Language Variation and Change · doi:10.1017/s0954394500001800 · Cited by 449
Psycholinguistic Determinants of Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning
Ellis, N. C., & Beaton, A. A. (1993) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00627.x · Cited by 458
Blindsight and insight in visuo-spatial neglect
Marshall, J. C., & Halligan, P. W. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/336766a0 · Cited by 436
The Native Mind: Biological Categorization and Reasoning in Development and Across Cultures.
Medin, D. L., & Atran, S. (2004) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.4.960 · Cited by 444
The N400 as a function of the level of processing
Chwilla, D. J., Brown, C. M., & Hagoort, P. (1995) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb02956.x · Cited by 431
Attitude, Inference, Association: On the Propositional Structure of Implicit Bias
Mandelbaum, E. (2015) · Noûs · doi:10.1111/nous.12089 · Cited by 437
Gunter, T. C., Stowe, L. A., & MULDER, G. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02142.x · Cited by 436
Fodor, J. A. (1984) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/289162 · Cited by 421
Self-citationPhobias and preparedness: the selective, automatic, and encapsulated nature of fear
Mineka, S., & Öhman, A. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01669-4 · Cited by 414
Base-rate respect: From ecological rationality to dual processes
Barbey, A. K., & Sloman, S. A. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001653 · Cited by 423
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mervis, C. B., & Faith Berman, K. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1906 · Cited by 411
Betrayal Trauma: Traumatic Amnesia as an Adaptive Response to Childhood Abuse
Freyd, J. J. (1994) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1207/s15327019eb0404_1 · Cited by 417
Rothman, J. (2013) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s136672891300059x · Cited by 415
Vernon, D., Giorgio Metta, B., & Sandini, G. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · doi:10.1109/tevc.2006.890274 · Cited by 430
Syntactic Gender and Semantic Expectancy: ERPs Reveal Early Autonomy and Late Interaction
Gunter, T. C., Friederici, A. D., & Schriefers, H. J. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562336 · Cited by 413
Semantic priming without association: A meta-analytic review
Lucas, M. (2000) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212999 · Cited by 408
Emergentism, Connectionism and Language Learning
Ellis, N. C. (1998) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/0023-8333.00063 · Cited by 421
Comprehending Complex Concepts
Murphy, G. L. (1988) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1204_2 · Cited by 431
On the Human "Interaction Engine"
Levinson, S. C. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003135517-3 · Cited by 402
Smith, M. S. (1991) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/026765839100700204 · Cited by 406
On Explicit and Negative Data Effecting and AffectingCompetenceandLinguistic Behavior
Schwartz, B. D. (1993) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263100011931 · Cited by 411
Attention and Memory during SLA
Robinson, P. (2003) · The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1002/9780470756492.ch19 · Cited by 402
Naming Speed and Reading: The Contribution of the Cognitive Neurosciences
Wolf, M. (1991) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747978 · Cited by 399
Semantic reconstruction of continuous language from non-invasive brain recordings
Tang, J., LeBel, A., Jain, S., & Huth, A. G. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01304-9 · Cited by 442
The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: a dual-process approach
Sun, R., Slusarz, P., & Terry, C. (2005) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.159 · Cited by 399
Précis of The Intentional Stance
Dennett, D. C. (1988) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00058611 · Cited by 413
From cognitivism to autopoiesis: towards a computational framework for the embodied mind
Allen, M., & Friston, K. J. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-016-1288-5 · Cited by 386
Efficient classification for multiclass problems using modular neural networks
Anand, R., Mehrotra, K., Mohan, C. K., et al. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/72.363444 · Cited by 395
MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-Around Player?
Liu, Y., Duan, H., Zhang, Y., Li, B., Zhang, S., Zhao, W., Yuan, Y., Wang, J., He, C., Liu, Z., et al. (2025) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72658-3_13 · Cited by 668
Holcomb, P. J. (1988) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/0093-934x(88)90101-0 · Cited by 390
An Event-related Neuroimaging Study Distinguishing Form and Content in Sentence Processing
Ni, W., Constable, R. T., Mencl, W. E., Pugh, K. R., Fulbright, R. K., Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Gore, J. C., & Shankweiler, D. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290051137648 · Cited by 380
Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception
Strand, E. A. (1999) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x99018001006 · Cited by 388
An implicit body representation underlying human position sense
Longo, M. R., & Haggard, P. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1003483107 · Cited by 382
Memory for items and memory for relations in the procedural/declarative memory framework
Cohen, N. J., Poldrack, R. A., & Eichenbaum, H. (1997) · Memory · doi:10.1080/741941149 · Cited by 383
Stanovich, K. E. (2009) · Journal of Education · doi:10.1177/0022057409189001-204 · Cited by 467
The Education of Dyslexic Children from Childhood to Young Adulthood
Shaywitz, S. E., Morris, R., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093633 · Cited by 383
Embodied Sentence Comprehension
Zwaan, R. A., & Madden-Lombardi, C. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499968.010 · Cited by 388
The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory
Rubin, D. C. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00017.x · Cited by 421
Mapping Cognition to the Brain Through Neural Interactions
McIntosh, A. R. (1999) · Memory · doi:10.1080/096582199387733 · Cited by 378
Direct Fit to Nature: An Evolutionary Perspective on Biological and Artificial Neural Networks
Hasson, U., Nastase, S. A., & Goldstein, A. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.002 · Cited by 387
Metadata
- Authors
- Fodor, J. A.
- Corresponding author
- Fodor, Jerry A.
- Venue
- The MIT Press eBooks
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 1983-04-06
- OpenAlex
- W2888882506
- Cited by
- 7,734
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 232 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 224 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 252 · 2019: 402 · 2018: 243 · 2017: 205 · 2016: 180 · 2015: 196 · 2014: 256 · 2013: 181 · 2012: 178
- FWCI
- 87.69
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias y Tecnologia Felix Morales Bueno (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience
- Keywords
- modularity of mind, Jerry Fodor, theory of mind, cognitive architecture, faculty psychology, computational theory of mind, artificial intelligence, cognitive processes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review