Positive Computing: Technology for Wellbeing and Human Potential

“Finally, as part of Positive Computing, Calvo and Peters (2014) have focused on wellbeing-supportive design for all technology by targeting wellbeing determinants (i.e., self-awareness, compassion, gratitude, motivation, etc.) and by leveraging the research and measures for these constructs for design and evaluation.”

““ Positive technology ” as a general term (Riva et al., 2012), and “ Positive computing ” more specifically (Calvo & Peters, 2014), suggest that it is possible to use technology to influence specific features of human experience that serve to promote adaptive behaviors and positive functioning,…”

“This interdisciplinarity is emphasised by Calvo and Peters (2014, chapter 3) when they acknowledge that understanding how to design digital technologies that enhance well-being requires expertise from diverse fields such as public health, bioethics, sociology, philosophy, psychology, public policy,…”

“Index Terms—Engagement detection, remote heart rate measurement, facial expression, writing task Ç”

“One participant, a university researcher, referred to “positive computing,” how technologies are being designed to specifically support psychological well-being and human flourishing [24].”

“The Virtual Operative Assistant addresses the behavioural level by providing feedback, and the reflective level by mimicking familiar feedback through audition and visual components.[9, 42] Studies across a variety of fields have proven the benefit of feedback to enhance skill acquisition and overall performance.”

“As such, we argue that a responsible technology development process will need to incorporate evidence-based methods for evaluating the impact on, and designing for, human wellbeing, by drawing on psychology (see [32], [33]).”

“Although beyond the scope of this review it is important to note that one final limitation in evaluating effective prevention in this area is that of the search strategy [70].”

“Hence, disambiguating compassion from empathic distress is critical in deploying self-compassion chatbots as instantiations of positive computing [6].”

“Recently, human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers, designers and technologists started looking at computers not merely as devices to interact with, but as a support of positive changes in their users’ lives, aiming to foster subjective well-being, more commonly called “happiness”.”

“Other strands of HCI have considered positive computing and wellbeing [11].”

“Since we tie our model of experience to need fulfillment, the present study is also a study of how subjective wellbeing is made through technology (see also Calvo and Peters 2014; Desmet and Hassenzahl 2012).”

“In positive computing [36] literature, there have been efforts around personalizing interventions toward the users’ preferences (e.g., [12], [37]) and using sensor data to derive the timing of interventions (e.g., [13], [38]).”

“…functioning and well-being: Anthropology-Based Computing (Brown, 2013); Techno-spiritual Design (Buie, 2016); Positive Computing (Sander, 2011; Calvo and Peters, 2014); Positive Design ( Desmet and Pohlmeyer, 2013); Persuasive Technology (Fogg, 1999); Computer-mediated Self-transcendence…”

“…autism [Kientz et al. 2013], computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 19:2 P. Slov´ak and G. Fitzpatrick [Coyle et al. 2007], positive computing [Calvo and Peters 2014], as well as a number of individual systems aiming to affect particular social behaviour such as discussion dominance or…”

“These and other examples also highlight the possibility of designing in order to improve psychological well-being [5] by reducing stress.”

“The extension of SDT (Ryan & Deci, 2000, 2017) based on research on video games (Ryan et al., 2006), technology design (Calvo & Peters, 2014), or digital learning (Sørebø et al., 2009) has shown in which ways psychological satisfactions for autonomy, competence, and relatedness can be evoked or…”

“3.2.5) (Calvo & Peters 2014).”

“Beyond accessibility, usability, and UX, well-being oriented design has established itself as an important criterion of a ‘‘good design’’ (Calvo and Peters 2014) in the Human– Computer Interaction (HCI) field.”

“Since, research and design in HCI increasingly incorporates positive strategies into system design to support peoples’ general wellbeing (e.g. [15][16][25]).”

“Though targeting gratitude behaviors, our study teaches valuable lessons that can easily be applied to the design of general Behavioral Intervention Technologies (BIT) and contribute to the field of positive computing Calvo and Peters (2014).”

“More scientific approaches, such as positive technology, have been proved to be highly effective in reducing technostress and should be considered (Calvo and Peters, 2014).”

“1 3 perspectives allow for creating a ubiquitously connected reality where human well-being, positive social impact, and sustainability thrive (Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“HCI research has recently started to focus on how technology can support psychological wellbeing [e.g. 1, 21, 78].”

“Finally, as part of Positive Computing, Calvo and Peters (2014) provided leverage for a design supportive of wellbeing as well as its determinants.”

“These brief examples of wearable heart-rate monitors helps to emphasise the importance of ethical principles in the design and development of digital technologies (for further discussion, see Floridi 2010; Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“The second track—positive computing technology [2,3]—originates from human-computer interaction and human factors.”

“…part of workplace (wellness) programmes, not least in the United States (Lupton, 2016b), and are often described in rosy terms as ‘positive computing devices’ (Calvo and Peters, 2014; Przegalinska, 2020) utilising the latest technology to create emotional agility and engagement (Davies, 2018).”

“, 2017), as well as on the definition of frameworks for bringing well-being principles into the design of interactive systems (Calvo and Peters, 2014; Fleming et al., 2016).”

“In fact, such an integrated approach might have further benefits in the long term as it will help students to understand how technology might be designed in ways that embed ethics more closely within the design process (Calvo & Peters, 2014).”

“Recently, many researchers have investigated how to design user interfaces to support a general sense of satisfaction and other positive emotions [2, 7, 12, 14, 28, 38, 43, 54].”

“According to the positive computing framework (Calvo and Peters 2014, p. 87), pride covers the dimension from intra-personal pride that is experienced within oneself (e.g., feelings of self-achievement) to interpersonal pride that is experienced from interaction between oneself and others (e.g.,…”

“…cognitive neuroscience (human irrationality), which leads to calls to consider an even more “human-centered perspective” (Ban-non 2011) such as human values (Borning 2012) and ethical aspects (Rogers 2012, embodiment (Kuutti and Bannon 2014; Harrison 2007), and well-being (Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“Well-being is important to overall quality of life [7]–[9], and while some research has been done on well-being in the digital era [10]–[14], measuring the impact of AI on users as well as”

“Some examples of ongoing research programs in the wellbeing-supportive design space include work in “positive design”, which looks at ways product design can increase subjective wellbeing [25,29]; “positive computing”, which focuses on wellbeing-supportive digital technologies [20,30]; “positive technology”, which has…”

“2012), and lead to more open-minded thinking and effective problem solving (Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“A “ well-being-friendly design ” would be a specific type of value-sensitive design (see for instance Brey, 2015; van de Poel, 2012; Van den Hoven et al., 2015) and a product of so-called positive computing (Calvo & Peters, 2014).”

“This potential promises application beyond creativity support, and may extend to other situations where the adaptive potential of emotion can help people, be it to assist them in performing better at other tasks, or to enable them to support their own wellbeing [6, 15, 21, 36].”

“A wide range of theories and tools emerging in technical and social sciences [17–20] and positive computing [21] may aid in examining recovery-relevant issues such as self-esteem, stigma, power, self-disclosure, selfregulation, writing therapy and help-seeking behavior [13–15] and how connecting with others through In…”

“To answer the research questions, we draw upon research on positive computing (Calvo and Peters 2014, 2015) and psychological well-being (Chen and Li 2017; Diener and Ryan 2009).”

“Should elevating mood be preferred to equanimity, such as to ameliorate depression or dysphoria (Mitchell et al. 2010; Calvo and Peters 2014), positive memories could be reflected on when in a negative mood for mood-enhancement A couple of participants even mentioned this being useful for…”

“Under umbrella terms such as “positive technology” or “positive computing,” research and design explores technology for well-being and human potential (e.g., Sander, 2011; Botella et al., 2012; Calvo and Peters, 2012, 2014; Riva et al., 2016b, 2017).”

“The present study explores how subjective wellbeing is made through technology (e.g., Desmet and Hassenzahl, 2012; Calvo and Peters, 2014).”

“…importance of designing for wellbeing and contributing factors, such as (perceived) human autonomy and competence is highlighted by researchers, such as Calvo and Peters [7], who promote a paradigm shift towards “Positive Computing” and away from designing solely to increase productivity.”

“Successful development of electronic interventions that build on the principles of positive computing and positive technology require multidisciplinary partnerships that explore the design and shape of digital experiences to support human flourishing [25].”

“The present study sought to evaluate the initial user experience of “FearLess,” as a priority, given ongoing user experience with any form of eMental Health tool is critical to therapeutic engagement (Calvo & Peters, 2014).”

“Recognizing emotions when they are expressed and regulating them in ourselves and others helps us achieve effective communications and maintain good mental health [10-12].”

“More recently, researchers have addressed the impact of technology use on psychological wellbeing [4, 25] and designed technology interventions for mental health [9].”

“…identified activity as a viable means, HCI/ID started from the need to design object-mediated activities and only later identified positive and meaningful experience and ultimately well-being as a viable design objective (Calvo & Peters, 2014; Desmet & Pohlmeyer, 2013; Hassenzahl et al., 2013).”

“We place our work in the context of "positive design" or "designing for wellbeing" [3, 5, 6, 11].”

“The benefits and challenges of mindfulness training (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Calvo & Peters, 2014; Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present and future, 2003) have inspired a growing number of focused attention mindfulness (FAM) technologies in HCI.”

“Positive computing denotes the ‘‘design and development of technologies to support well-being and human potential’’ (Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“…de Poel, 2012; Swierstra & Waelbers, 2012; Oosterlaken, 2015; van den Hoven et al., 2017; Hoven et al., 2015), which inspired human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers to speculate how these techniques could be applied to DWB specifically (Calvo & Peters, 2013, 2014; Desmet & Pohlmeyer, 2013).”

“plarily consider well-being as reasonable high level nal goal candidate which is e.g. already re ected in the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) [45] and is in the spirit of positive computing [12]. Besides SWB and PERMA, multiple measures of well-being exist in psychology with focus on dierent well-being facto…”

“Positive computing is defined as “the design and development of technology to support psychological well-being and human potential” [7].”

“…user-centred design approaches, co-design, experience design, gamification, usability, and aesthetics, and also recent developments in design research, such as design for subjective well-being (Desmet and Pohlmeyer 2013; Hassenzahl 2010) and positive computing (Sander 2011; Calvo and Peters 2014).”

“The 21 authors who contributed to this issue explore, demonstrate, and discuss the multidisciplinary approaches in Positive Computing.”

“…happiness, indicated by the popularity of well-being applications for mood tracking, mindfulness (Cochrane et al., 2021), meditation (Cochrane et al., 2020), journaling (Tholander & Normark, 2020), with many promoting long-term well-being rather than immediate gratification (Calvo & Peters, 2014).”

“To improve human-computer interactions (HCI) and human-human computer mediated interactions (as in teleconferences), emotions, engagement and even psychological well-being should be taken into account [1].”

“Examples of such initiatives are Positive Computing (Calvo & Peters, 2014), Positive Technology (Diefenbach, 2018), Positive Design (Desmet & Pohlmeyer, 2013), and Experience Design (Hassenzahl, 2010).”

“…of the challenges, promises, pitfalls, and design trade-offs associated with future socio-technical environments contributing to the quality of life in the digital age [4-6]. adapt sophisticated software systems as an integral part of their work to fully utilize the power of the computer.”