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Cited by 15Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsNeural dynamics and brain function

Spatial and temporal pattern of structure–function coupling of human brain connectome with development

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Feng, Guozheng, Wang, Yiwen, Huang, Weijie, Chen, Haojie, Cheng, Jian, Shu, Ni·2024·eLife
DOI 10.7554/elife.93325PMC PMC11189631

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Abstract

Brain structural circuitry shapes a richly patterned functional synchronization, supporting for complex cognitive and behavioural abilities. However, how coupling of structural connectome (SC) and functional connectome (FC) develops and its relationships with cognitive functions and transcriptomic architecture remain unclear. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data from 439 participants aged 5.7–21.9 years to predict functional connectivity by incorporating intracortical and extracortical structural connectivity, characterizing SC–FC coupling. Our findings revealed that SC–FC coupling was strongest in the visual and somatomotor networks, consistent with evolutionary expansion, myelin content, and functional principal gradient. As development progressed, SC–FC coupling exhibited heterogeneous alterations dominated by an increase in cortical regions, broadly distributed across the somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks. Moreover, we discovered that SC–FC coupling significantly predicted individual variability in general intelligence, mainly influencing frontoparietal and default mode networks. Finally, our results demonstrated that the heterogeneous development of SC–FC coupling is positively associated with genes in oligodendrocyte-related pathways and negatively associated with astrocyte-related genes. This study offers insight into the maturational principles of SC–FC coupling in typical development.

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  • More recent analyses show that structure-function coupling is regionally heterogeneous, changes across development, and relates to cognitive performance, implying that physical wiring constrains but does not determine brain dynamics.

    “More recent analyses show that structure–function coupling is regionally heterogeneous, changes across development, and relates to cognitive performance, implying that physical wiring constrains but does not determine brain dynamics (G. Feng et al., 2024; Popp et al., 2025).”

    From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as G. Feng et al., 2024

  • Regional stiffness maps may provide a mesoscale index of cumulative microstructural failure and of how strongly pathology has destabilized the local tissue environment.

    “Regional stiffness maps may thus provide a mesoscale index of cumulative microstructural failure and of how strongly pathology has destabilized the local tissue environment (Coelho & Sousa, 2022; Y. Feng et al., 2024; Le Bihan, 2026).”

    From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Y. Feng et al., 2024

    The Introduction describes MRI-based microstructure profile covariance and structure–function coupling, not regional stiffness maps. A search of the full-text copy for stiffness, elastography, and pathology found no passage linking stiffness to cumulative microstructural failure or tissue destabilization; the relevant Imaging acquisition and SC–FC coupling methods describe other measurements. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In healthy aging, most studies report progressive brain softening, which is associated with lower cognitive performance.

    “In healthy aging, most studies report progressive brain softening, which is associated with lower cognitive performance (Coelho & Sousa, 2022; Y. Feng et al., 2024; Hiscox et al., 2018).”

    From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Y. Feng et al., 2024

    The Results and Discussion address developmental changes in structural–functional brain connectivity and its relationship to cognitive scores, not brain softening. Searches for mechanical stiffness, progressive softening, and healthy aging found no passage linking softening to lower cognitive performance. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Authors
Feng, G., Wang, Y., Huang, W., Chen, H., Cheng, J., & Shu, N.
Affiliations
Beijing Normal University (CN)
Corresponding author
Shu, Ni
ORCID
Venue
eLife
Publisher
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Published
2024-06-20
Volume
13
ISSN
2050-084X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7554/elife.93325
PMC
PMC11189631
OpenAlex
W4391022776
Cited by
15
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
FWCI
3.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • STI2030-Major Projects (2021ZD0200500, 2022ZD0213300)
  • National Nature Science Foundation of China (32271145, 81871425)
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017XTCX04)
  • State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (Open Research Fund CNLZD2101)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords
structural-functional coupling, brain connectome, brain development, structural connectivity, visual network, sensorimotor network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, intelligence, myelination, cortical maturation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Young Adult, Connectome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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