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Cited by 289Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchStress Responses and Cortisol

Amygdala Volume Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large Case-Controlled Veterans Group

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Morey, Rajendra A., Gold, Andrea L., LaBar, Kevin S., Beall, Shannon K., Brown, Vanessa M., Haswell, Courtney C., Nasser, Jessica D., Wagner, H. Ryan +2 more·2012·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.50PMC PMC3647246
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Smaller hippocampal volumes are well established in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the relatively few studies of amygdala volume in PTSD have produced equivocal results. OBJECTIVE: To assess a large cohort of recent military veterans with PTSD and trauma-exposed control subjects, with sufficient power to perform a definitive assessment of the effect of PTSD on volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus and of the contribution of illness duration, trauma load, and depressive symptoms. DESIGN: Case-controlled design with structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical diagnostic assessments. We controlled statistically for the important potential confounds of alcohol use, depression, and medication use. SETTING: Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, which is located in proximity to major military bases. PATIENTS: Ambulatory patients (n = 200) recruited from a registry of military service members and veterans serving after September 11, 2001, including a group with current PTSD (n = 99) and a trauma-exposed comparison group without PTSD (n = 101). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Amygdala and hippocampal volumes computed from automated segmentation of high-resolution structural 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Smaller volume was demonstrated in the PTSD group compared with the non-PTSD group for the left amygdala (P = .002), right amygdala (P = .01), and left hippocampus (P = .02) but not for the right hippocampus (P = .25). Amygdala volumes were not associated with PTSD chronicity, trauma load, or severity of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide clear evidence of an association between a smaller amygdala volume and PTSD. The lack of correlation between trauma load or illness chronicity and amygdala volume suggests that a smaller amygdala represents a vulnerability to developing PTSD or the lack of a dose-response relationship with amygdala volume. Our results may trigger a renewed impetus for investigating structural differences in the amygdala, its genetic determinants, its environmental modulators, and the possibility that it reflects an intrinsic vulnerability to PTSD.

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Authors
Morey, R. A., Gold, A. L., LaBar, K. S., Beall, S. K., Brown, V. M., Haswell, C. C., Nasser, J. D., Wagner, H. R., McCarthy, G., & Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, F. T.
Affiliations
  • Duke University (US)
  • Yale University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2012-11-01
Volume
69
Issue
11
Pages
1169
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.50
PMC
PMC3647246
OpenAlex
W2141693417
Cited by
289
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 2
FWCI
21.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH073091)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, amygdala volume, hippocampus, brain structural changes, military veterans, trauma exposure, disease duration, depressive symptoms, neuroimaging biomarkers
MeSH terms
Adult, Amygdala, Combat Disorders, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, North Carolina, Organ Size, Reference Values, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Case-Control Studies, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-

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