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Cited by 127Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchResilience and Mental HealthStress Responses and Cortisol

Resilience after 9/11: Multimodal neuroimaging evidence for stress-related change in the healthy adult brain

Open access
Ganzel, Barbara L., Kim, Pilyoung, Glover, Gary H., Temple, Elise·2008·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.010PMC PMC2405811
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Abstract

Exposure to psychological trauma is common and predicts long-term physical and mental health problems, even in those who initially appear resilient. Here, we used multimodal neuroimaging in healthy adults who were at different distances from the World Trade Center on 9/11/01 to examine the neural mechanisms that may underlie this association. More than 3 years after 9/11/01, adults with closer proximity to the disaster had lower gray matter volume in amygdala, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex, with control for age, gender, and total gray matter volume. Further analysis showed a nonlinear (first-order quadratic) association between total number of traumas in lifetime and amygdala gray matter volume and function in the whole group. Post hoc analysis of subgroups with higher versus lower levels of lifetime trauma exposure revealed systematic associations between amygdala gray matter volume, amygdala functional reactivity, and anxiety that suggest a nonlinear trajectory in the neural response to accumulated trauma in healthy adults.

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  • Other studies have observed no difference in amygdala activity between subjects with PTSD and control groups without the disorder.

    “However, others have observed no difference between a group of subjects with PTSD and control groups consisting of subjects without the disorder (Clark et al., 2002;Ganzel et al., 2008;Shin et al., 2001).”

    From Neuroimaging research in posttraumatic stress disorder – Focus on amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (2019) · cites this paper as Ganzel et al., 2008

    The Discussion states that all study subjects were free of mental and physical health disorders. The Results compare 9/11-exposed adults with a comparison group, not subjects with PTSD against controls without it. The reported nonsignificant findings do not establish the claimed comparison in amygdala activity. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • Increased amygdala volume and functional reactivity, smaller hippocampal volume, and altered prefrontal function and connectivity have been observed in humans following stress.

    “Parallel findings of increased amygdala volume and functional reactivity, smaller hippocampal volume, and altered prefrontal function and connectivity have been observed in humans following stress (Ganzel et al., 2007, Ganzel et al., 2008, Liston et al., 2006, Liston et al., 2009; Sheridan et al., 2012a, Sheridan et al., 2012b).”

    From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Ganzel et al., 2008

  • Decreased grey matter volumes were associated with increased activation in the amygdala among trauma-exposed individuals.

    “decreased grey matter volumes were associated with increased activation in the amygdala among trauma-exposed individuals (Ganzel et al., 2008).”

    From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Ganzel et al., 2008

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1 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Sheline Y, Barch DM, Donnelly JM, Ollinger JM, Snyder AZ, Mintun MA. Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in depressed subjects resolves with antidepressant treatmetn: an fMRI study. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:651–658. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01263-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
  2. Spielberger CD. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory for children. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1973. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Ganzel, B. L., Kim, P., Glover, G. H., & Temple, E.
Affiliations
  • Cornell University (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
Ganzel, Barbara L.
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-04
Volume
40
Issue
2
Pages
788-795
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.010
PMC
PMC2405811
OpenAlex
W1969289932
Cited by
127
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI
5.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH068139, MH68139)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
September 11 attacks, psychological trauma, resilience, gray matter volume, amygdala, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anxiety, lifetime trauma exposure, healthy adults
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Amygdala, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Stress, Psychological, September 11 Terrorist Attacks

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