Lesions of the Basal Amygdala Block Expression of Conditioned Fear But Not Extinction
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Although the role of the amygdala in acquisition of conditioned fear is well established, there is debate concerning the intra-amygdala circuits involved. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is thought to be an essential site of plasticity in fear conditioning. The LA has both direct and indirect [via the basal nuclei; basal amygdala (BA)] projections to the central nucleus (Ce) of the amygdala, an essential output for fear behaviors. Lesions of the LA or Ce prevent acquisition of conditioned freezing to a conditioned stimulus, but BA lesions do not, suggesting that the BA is not normally involved in fear conditioning. If true, posttraining BA lesions should also have no effect. Replicating previous studies, we found that rats given electrolytic BA lesions before training acquired conditioned fear normally. They also showed normal long-term retention and extinction of conditioned fear. Unexpectedly, BA lesions made after training completely blocked expression of conditioned fear. Despite this deficit, lesioned rats were able to learn a new tone-shock association. Thus, although the LA-Ce system is sufficient for fear acquisition in the absence of the BA, it is not sufficient when the BA is present, suggesting that the BA is an important site of plasticity in fear conditioning. The pattern of lesion deficits we observed (after but not before training) might be explained by homeostatic mechanisms that balance plasticity over multiple inputs, regulating the influence of the BA and LA onto Ce output neurons.
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In animal studies, amygdala lesions result in a reduction of fear behavior.
“In animal studies, amygdala lesions result in a reduction of fear behavior (Anglada-Figueroa & Quirk 2005; Davis & Whalen 2001; Kalin et al. 2004)”
From <i>The Adolescent Brain</i> (2008) · cites this paper as Anglada-Figueroa & Quirk 2005
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“…the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) in the development of conditioned responses to stimuli (CSs) that predict aversive (Maren and Quirk, 2004; Anglada-Figueroa and Quirk, 2005; Duvarci and Pare, 2014) or rewarding outcomes (Setlow et al., 2002; Everitt et al., 2003; Ambroggi et al., 2008).”
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Retrieving fear memories, as time goes by…
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- Authors
- Anglada-Figueroa, D., & Quirk, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Ponce Health Sciences University (PR)
- Corresponding author
- Quirk, Gregory J.
- ORCID
- Quirk, Gregory J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-10-19
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 9680-9685
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6725741
- OpenAlex
- W2079935199
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5s06gm008239-23)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH-58883, R01MH058883)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (S06 GM-08239, S06-GM 008239)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- basal amygdala, fear conditioning, fear extinction, lateral amygdala, central amygdala, amygdala lesions, fear expression, homeostatic plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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