The Natural History of Alzheimer's Disease: Description of Study Cohort and Accuracy of Diagnosis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We describe the sampling, initial evaluation, and final diagnostic classification of subjects enrolled in a natural history study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN: Volunteer cohort study. SETTING: Multidisciplinary behavioral neurology research clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Three-hundred nineteen individuals were enrolled in the Alzheimer Research Program between March 1983 and March 1988. Of these, 204 were originally classified with AD, 102 were normal elderly control subjects, and 13 were considered special cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final consensus clinical diagnosis, final neuropathologic diagnosis, and death. RESULTS: Of the 204 patients enrolled in the study, re-review after as many as 5 years of follow-up resulted in a final clinical classification of 188 with probable AD. Seven patients were believed to have a significant vascular component to the dementia, three were found to have developed depression, and six were excluded on other clinical grounds. Neuropathologic examination of 50 brains indicated definite AD in 43. After removing these seven misdiagnosed patients, the final group of probable/definite AD totaled 181 individuals. Accuracy of the baseline clinical diagnosis relative to neuropathology was 86%, and when follow-up clinical data were considered, 91.4%. Detailed neuropsychological testing yielded high sensitivity (0.988) and specificity (0.983) to dementia. Analyses of survival time from study entry until death revealed that older patients were significantly more likely to die during follow-up, but neither sex, years of education, nor pattern of cognitive impairment were related to survival. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the descriptive basis for future studies of this cohort. They indicate that longitudinal follow-up of demented cases increases accuracy of diagnosis, and that detailed cognitive testing aids in early classification.
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Severity of cognitive impairment and the clinical diagnosis of AD with Lewy bodies
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Automatic Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Neural Network Language Models
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An automatic Alzheimer’s disease classifier based on spontaneous spoken English
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Clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
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The Framingham Brain Donation Program: Neuropathology Along the Cognitive Continuum
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Detecting Signs of Dementia Using Word Vector Representations
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Explainable Identification of Dementia From Transcripts Using Transformer Networks
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Semantic Feature Extraction Using SBERT for Dementia Detection
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Speech Recognition in Alzheimer’s Disease and in its Assessment
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Exploring Deep Transfer Learning Techniques for Alzheimer's Dementia Detection
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Rhetorical structure and Alzheimer’s disease
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Learning Language and Acoustic Models for Identifying Alzheimer’s Dementia From Speech
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Evolution of the diagnostic criteria for degenerative and cognitive disorders
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WavBERT: Exploiting Semantic and Non-Semantic Speech Using Wav2vec and BERT for Dementia Detection
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An N-Gram Based Approach to the Automatic Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease from Spoken Language
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- Authors
- Becker, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Becker, James T.
- ORCID
- Becker, James T.
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1994-06-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 585
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074037951
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01ag003705-04)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 05-133, P50AG005133, AG 03705)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, natural history (disease), diagnosis, neuropathologic diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy, dementia, neuropsychological assessment, survival, death, vascular dementia, depression, cohort studies
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System, Nervous System Diseases, Neuropsychological Tests, Cohort Studies
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