Optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer in Alzheimer's disease

Tsai, Clark S.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020045040

Cited by 163Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchGlaucoma and retinal disordersRetinal Imaging and Analysis

Optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer in Alzheimer's disease

Tsai, Clark S.·1991·Archives of Ophthalmology

DOI 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020045040

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We compared (1) the differences in the retinal nerve fiber layer between 26 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 30 age- and race-matched normal controls with use of blue-light high-resolution photography, (2) the differences in disc pallor between 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 32 controls with use of a boundary-tracking program and fundus photographs, and (3) the topographic disc variables between 26 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 36 controls with use of an optic nerve head analyzer. A higher proportion of patients with Alzheimer's disease had detectable nerve fiber damage as seen by red-free photography compared with controls. Although the pallor area-to-disc area ratio was not significantly different between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls, the patients with higher pallor area-to-disc area ratios had higher Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) scores and longer durations of disease. Patients had an increased cup-to-disc ratio and cup volume and decreased disc rim area compared with controls. These variables also correlated significantly with ADAS scores and the duration of disease. The correlation among the optic nerve head changes and the ADAS scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease suggests a potential role for optic nerve head analysis in monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's disease and in assessing the effectiveness of any treatments developed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020045040

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

AD is associated with reduction in number of optic nerve head axons and decrease in thickness of peripapillary and macular RNFL.
“Among them, there is a reduction in the number of optic nerve head axons and a decrease in the thickness of the peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (Tsai et al., 1991; Hedges et al., 1996; Danesh-Meyer et al., 2006; Iseri et al., 2006; Paquet et al., 2007; Garcia-Martin et al., 2014; Salobrar-Garcia et al., 2015; Salobrar-García et al., 2016c) (Table 1).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Tsai et al., 1991
Patients with AD often develop visual anomalies correlated with abnormalities in the eye.
“However, in the last few decades it has been demonstrated that patients with AD often develop visual anomalies, which are correlated with abnormalities in the eye.”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Tsai et al., 1991

Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS‐ADRDA Work Group* under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments
Fleiss, J. L. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118032923 · Cited by 4,819 · see citing works
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease
(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 · Cited by 4,175 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Khachaturian, Z. S. (1985) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029 · Cited by 2,499 · see citing works
Optic-Nerve Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease
Hinton, D. R., Sadun, A. A., Blanks, J. C., & Miller, C. A. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198608213150804 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Laminar and regional distributions of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative study of visual and auditory cortices
Lewis, D., Campbell, M., Terry, R., & Morrison, J. (1987) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-06-01799.1987 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Prevalence and Malignancy of Alzheimer Disease
Lijtmaer, H., Fuld, P. A., & Katzman, R. (1976) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1976.00500040088017 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
The Effect of Age on the Nerve Fiber Population of the Human Optic Nerve
Balazsi, A. G., Rootman, J., Drance, S. M., Schulzer, M., & Douglas, G. R. (1984) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90509-9 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Chronic glaucoma selectively damages large optic nerve fibers.
Quigley, H. A., Sanchez, R. M., Dunkelberger, G. R., L'Hernault, N. L., & Baginski, T. A. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Optic Nerve Damage in Alzheimer's Disease
Sadun, A. A., & Bassi, C. J. (1990) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32621-0 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Clinical Evaluation of Nerve Fiber Layer Atrophy as an Indicator of Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage
Quigley, H. A., Miller, N. R., & George, T. (1980) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040416003 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Retinal ganglion cell degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Blanks, J. C., Hinton, D. R., Sadun, A. A., & Miller, C. A. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90653-7 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Survival in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementias
Barclay, L., Zemcov, A., Blass, J. P., & Sansone, J. D. (1985) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.35.6.834 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Assessment of Visual Impairment in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Sadun, A. A., Borchert, M., DeVita, E., Hinton, D. R., & Bassi, C. J. (1987) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(87)90001-8 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Visual Disturbances With Focal Progressive Dementing Disease
Cogan, D. G. (1985) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74985-2 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Optic Disc Rim Area Is Related to Disc Size in Normal Subjects
Caprioli, J., & Miller, J. M. (1987) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1987.01060120081030 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Abnormal pattern electroretinograms in patients with senile dementia of the alzheimer type
Trick, G. L., Barris, M. C., & Bickler‐Bluth, M. (1989) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410260208 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
MEASUREMENT ERROR AND ITS IMPACT ON PARTIAL CORRELATION AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSES1
Liu, K. J. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114870 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Nonglaucomatous Excavation of the Optic Disc
Trobe, J. D., Glaser, J. S., Cassady, J., et al. (1980) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020031036004 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Fluorescein Angiographic Defects of the Optic Disc in Glaucoma
Schwartz, B., Rieser, J. C., & Fishbein, S. L. (1977) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1977.04450110055002 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Alzheimer's Disease with Prominent Visual Symptoms
Kiyosawa, M., Bosley, T. M., Chawluk, J. B., Jamieson, D. G., Schatz, N. J., Savino, P. J., Sergott, R. C., Reivich, M., & Alavi, A. A. (1989) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32769-2 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Reproducibility of Optic Disc Measurements With Computerized Analysis of Stereoscopic Video Images
Caprioli, J., Klingbeil, U., Sears, M., et al. (1986) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050190093046 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Neuroretinal Rim Area and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Glaucoma
Airaksinen, P. J., & Drance, S. M. (1985) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1985.01050020055018 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Optic Atrophy
Trobe, J. D. (1980) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020031030003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
NEUROLOGY OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM
Cogan, D. G. (1978) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/00006324-197806000-00016 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Reliability of Optic Disk Topographic Measurements Recorded with a Video-Ophthalmograph
Mikelberg, F. S., Douglas, G. R., Schulzer, M., et al. (1984) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90194-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Reproducibility of Topographic Measurements with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer
Shields, M. B., Martone, J. F., Shelton, A. R., et al. (1987) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(87)90167-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Ultrastructure of Senile Dementia and of Experimental Analogs
Terry, R. D., & Wı́sniewski, H. M. (1972) · Advances in behavioral biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8503-5_7 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Optic Atrophy and Glaucomatous Cupping
Radius, R. L., & Maumenee, A. E. (1978) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75940-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Narrowing of the Retinal Arterioles in Descending Optic Atrophy
Frisén, L., & Claesson, M. (1984) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34144-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Reproducibility of Computerized Boundary Analysis for Measuring Optic Disc Pallor in the Normal Optic Disc
Nagin, P. A., Schwartz, B., & 難波, 克. (1985) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34057-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
High-Resolution Photography of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
Sommer, A. H., D’Anna, S. A., Kues, H. A., et al. (1983) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77918-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fluorescein Angiographic Defects of the Optic Disc in Ocular Hypertension
Loebl, M., & Schwartz, B. (1977) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1977.04450110074004 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Optic Disc in Glaucoma
Fishbein, S. L. (1977) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1977.04450110069003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Correlation Between Cup-Disk Ratio, Neuroretinal Rim Area, and Optic Disk Area Measured by the Video-Ophthalmograph (Rodenstock Analyzer) and Clinical Measurement
Mikelberg, F. S., Douglas, G. R., Schulzer, M., et al. (1986) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(86)90458-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Quantification of the Shape and Color of the Optic Nerve Head
Cornsweet, T. N., Hersh, S. B., Humphries, J. C., et al. (1983) · Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38823-4_19 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anterior Optic Nerve Blood Flow Decreases in Clinical Neurogenic Optic Atrophy
Sebag, J., Delori, F. C., Feke, G. T., et al. (1986) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33671-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Accuracy of Topographic Measurements with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer
Shields, M. B., Tiedeman, J. S., Miller, K. N., et al. (1989) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(89)90312-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

At the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer’s disease.
Albers, M. W., Gilmore, G. C., Kaye, J., Murphy, C., Wingfield, A., Bennett, D. A., Boxer, A. L., Buchman, A. S., Cruickshanks, K. J., Devanand, D. P., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.514 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.
Ramirez, A. I., de Hoz, R., Salobrar-Garcia, E., Salazar, J. J., Rojas, B., Ajoy, D., López-Cuenca, I., Rojas, P., Triviño, A., & Ramírez, J. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Amyloid-β Deposits Lead to Retinal Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
Ning, A., Cui, J., To, E., Ashe, K. H., & Matsubara, J. (2008) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1849 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Retinal vascular biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease
Frost, S., Kanagasingam, Y., Sohrabi, H., Vignarajan, J., Bourgeat, P., Salvado, O., Villemagne, V, Rowe, C. C., Lance Macaulay, S., Szoeke, C., et al. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.150 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Amyloid-Peptide Vaccinations Reduce β-Amyloid Plaques but Exacerbate Vascular Deposition and Inflammation in the Retina of Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice
Liu, B., Rasool, S., Yang, Z., Glabe, C. G., Schreiber, S. S., Ge, J., & Tan, Z. (2009) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.090159 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Reduction of optic nerve fibers in patients with Alzheimer disease identified by laser imaging
Danesh-Meyer, H. V., Birch, H., Ku, J. Y.-F., Carroll, S., & Gamble, G. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000244490.07925.8b · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Developing retinal biomarkers for the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease: What we know, what we don't, and how to move forward
Alber, J., Goldfarb, D., Thompson, L. I., Arthur, E., Hernandez, K., Cheng, D., DeBuc, D. C., Cordeiro, F., Provetti‐Cunha, L., den Haan, J., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12006 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Vision function abnormalities in Alzheimer disease
Tzekov, R., & Mullan, M. (2014) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.10.002 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease
Hedges, T. R., Galves, R. P., Speigelman, D., Barbas, N. R., Peli, E., & Yardley, C. J. (1996) · Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00090.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works

The effect of Fufangshexiang injection on thickness change of retinal nerve fiber layer after optic nerve injury in rats
Hospita, T. (2012)
The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Normal Eyes
Jonas, J. B., Nguyen, N. X., & Naumann, G. O. H. (1989) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32838-7 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Alterations in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness following indirect traumatic optic neuropathy detected by nerve fiber analyzer, GDx-N
Miyahara, T., Kurimoto, Y., Kurokawa, T., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00199-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Reply
Kahook, M. Y., Horsley, M. B., & Mandava, N. (2011) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.10.020
QUANTIFICATION OF RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ANTERIOR VISUAL PATHWAY LESIONS
Malik, N., Masud, H., & Awan, M. M. (2021) · Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal · doi:10.51253/pafmj.v71i1.3108

Authors: Tsai, C. S.
Affiliations: New York Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
Corresponding author: Tsai, Clark S.
Venue: Archives of Ophthalmology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1991-02-01
Volume: 109
Issue: 2
Pages: 199
ISSN: 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020045040
OpenAlex: W1981835818
Cited by: 163
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer, cup-to-disc ratio, cup volume, boundary tracking, disease progression monitoring
MeSH terms: Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Cognition, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Optic Disk, Photography, Retina

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks